Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Self-expanding metallic stents were inserted into the ureters of two female patients (29 and 46 years old) with malignant ureteric stenosis, in the first patient caused by metastases of a malignant melanoma, in the second by retroperitoneal lymph-node metastases from a colon carcinoma. In the first patient the stent was introduced antegrade into the left ureter via a nephrostomy after balloon dilatation of the stenotic segment. She was subsequently without symptoms, but six weeks later the ureter got kinked just above the bladder due to continued tumour growth against the stent. After insertion of a silicon splint she had no further symptoms referrable to the kidneys until she died two months later. In the other patient in whom both ureters were obstructed they could not be catheterized percutaneously. Stents were, therefore, introduced transurethrally after previous balloon dilatation of the stenoses. Obstruction occurred in the right ureter three days after the procedure due to mucosal oedema, but it was controlled by anti-inflammatory drugs. Hydronephrosis developed again six months later, caused by circumscribed incrustations in parts of the the stent not covered by mucosa. Silicon splints were placed bilaterally and the patient has so far been free of symptoms for two months.
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PMID:[Self-expanding metallic stents in malignant ureteral stenosis]. 201 64

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 19,000 persons with initial cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. Significant excesses for all second cancers were observed among patients with leukemia (34%), Hodgkin's disease (70%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25%), and multiple myeloma (24%). In general, the risk of second cancers was greater in males than in females, even for cohorts not showing an excess of surveillance-related prostate cancer. Among patients with leukemia, significant excesses of cancers of the lung, kidney/ureter, and prostate were noted; cutaneous melanoma was elevated only in males. These excesses did not persist in the small number of long-term survivors. Possible etiologic factors included tobacco smoking for lung and kidney cancers, medical surveillance artifact for prostate cancer, and immunosuppression for malignant melanoma and lung cancer. The large number and good prognoses of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia strongly influenced the pattern of second cancers when all leukemias were analyzed together; no evidence was found for an increased risk of second cancer in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A disproportionate number of subsequent cancers, particularly those of the kidney and ureter, were diagnosed incidentally at autopsy. Patients with Hodgkin's disease displayed significant excesses of cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, lung, female breast, and thyroid. The latter 3 sites remained significantly elevated in long-term survivors (10 yr or more postdiagnosis), so that radiation therapy may have contributed to their development. Among persons with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancers of the stomach, lung, brain, and connective tissue occurred excessively. The first 3 sites, plus cancers of the urinary bladder, remained elevated among long-term survivors. The brain cancer excess, not previously reported, may represent misclassification of central nervous system lymphoma. The risk of gastric cancer is reminiscent of similar findings in patients with both acquired and genetically determined immunodeficiency disorders. The alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, used extensively in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is known to cause bladder cancer in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Second cancer following lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 98

Metastatic carcinoma to the testis is unusual. There are only seven previously reported cases in which a testicular mass was the first clinical manifestation of an underlying malignancy. The authors review 127 cases in which the testis was involved by metastatic carcinoma, and describe an additional two patients in whom a malignant testicular mass was the presenting sign of an underlying nontesticular carcinoma. The tumors most commonly reported to metastasize to the testis are: prostate (45 cases), lung (25 cases), melanoma (12 cases), colon (11 cases), kidney (10 cases), stomach (6 cases), and pancreas (5 cases). Neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, carcinoid tumor, and cancers of the bile duct, ureter, bladder, salivary gland, and thyroid have also involved the testis secondarily. Nineteen patients (15%) had bilateral testicular metastases. Patients with secondary testicular neoplasms were older in general than those with germ cell tumors (mean, 55 years; median, 57 years). Histologically, the presence of extensive lymphatic and vascular invasion and an interstitial pattern, in which the seminiferous tubules are spared, is suggestive of a metastasis. In four of the nine cases (44%) in which testicular enlargement was the first manifestation of an underlying carcinoma the correct pathologic diagnosis was initially missed. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are occasionally elevated in patients with nontesticular primary tumors, but markedly elevated levels in young patients suggest a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor, as does positive immunoperoxidase staining for AFP and HCG.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoma involving the testis. Clinical and pathologic distinction from primary testicular neoplasms. 620 34

We experienced a 53-year-old male with malignant melanoma of the penis. A lentigo was noted in the dorsal penis in 1980. On February 4, 1982, he was referred to our Hospital with the complaint of enlargement of the lentigo of the penis and swelling of the bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. Lymph node biopsy disclosed metastasis of the malignant melanoma. He was hospitalized for treatment of the lesion. On physical examination at admission, a black tumor, 3 cm in diameter, with necrosis at the center and unclear demarcation was observed in the dorsal part, very close to the coronal sulcus, slightly to the left. Many black spots were scattered around the tumor. Curative operation could not be expected because of metastasis to the lymph nodes and the lung. Combination chemotherapy with DTIC, ACNU and vincristine, and immunotherapy were carried out. CT scan, lymphangiography and intravenous pyelography confirmed right hydronephrosis due to compression of enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Agenesis of the left kidney was confirmed through these evaluations. Right ureterostomy was performed and a metastatic lesion was identified in the resected ureter. After the operative treatment, chemotherapy and immunotherapy were performed again, but their effects were limited, and he died on May 6, 1982. Metastatic lesions in the lungs, liver, brain, skin and agenesis of the left kidney were confirmed by autopsy. Eleven malignant melanomas of the penis including our case have been reported in the Japanese literature. This case is considered to be secondary to an ureter tumor.
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PMID:[A case of malignant melanoma of the penis]. 667 41

A case of a 53 year old female patient with a metastatic malignant melanoma showing predominantly amelanotic tumor cells in urinary sediment is reported. Autopsy findings secured a metastasis of the ureter with complete penetration.
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PMID:[Melanoma cells in urine sediment]. 739 25

The authors describe their case of the extremely rare multiple metastases of cutan melanoma malignum in the upper urinary tracts as it was treated with operations. In the case of their 17-year old patient first percutan resection of the right side of the renal pelvis-wall was done then one and half months later ureteronephrectomia was carried out on the right side because of metastases in the renal pelvis and the ureter. The primary tumour had been removed from the hairy area of the head 9 months earlier in a dermatological department. The authors have met only 14 similar cases in the international literature. In Hungary no review of any similar case has been found.
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PMID:[Multiple metastases of malignant cutaneous melanoma into the upper urinary tract]. 906 33

Changes in the expression of integrins and cadherins might contribute to the progression, invasion and metastasis of transitional cell cancer of the bladder and of melanomas. The expression of alpha5 (P < 0.001), alpha2 and beta1 (P < 0.05 - P < 0.001) integrin subunits in melanoma cells from noncutaneous metastatic sites (WM9, A375) were significantly increased as compared to cutaneous primary tumor (WM35) and metastatic (WM239) cell lines. These differences might be ascribed to the invasive character of melanoma cells and their metastasis to the noncutaneous locations. The significantly heterogeneous expression of beta1 integrin subunit in two malignant bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and Hu456) and nonsignificant differences in the expression of alpha2, alpha3, and alpha5 subunits between malignant and non-malignant human bladder cell lines do not allow an unanimous conclusion on the role of these intergrin subunits in the progression of transitional cancer of bladder. The adhesion molecule, expressed in all studied melanoma and bladder cell lines, that reacted with anti-Pan cadherin monoclonal antibodies was identified as N-cadherin except in the HCV29 non-malignant ureter cell line. However, neither this nor any other bladder or melanoma cell line expressed E-cadherin. The obtained results imply that the replacement of E-cadherin by N-cadherin accompanied by a simultaneous increase in expression of alpha2, alpha3 and alpha5 integrin subunits clearly indicates an increase of invasiveness of melanoma and, to a lesser extent, of transitional cell cancer of bladder. High expression of N-cadherin and alpha5 integrin subunit seems to be associated with the most invasive melanoma phenotype.
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PMID:Expression of beta1-integrins and N-cadherin in bladder cancer and melanoma cell lines. 1199 5

Mutational activation of the MAP kinase pathway is frequently found in various cancers. Recently, activating mutations in the B-RAF gene, an important activator of this pathway, have been described in several tumor types including melanoma, colorectal and papillary thyroid cancer. The most frequent mutation in exon 15 (V599E), as well as several other mutations within exons 11 and 15 result in constitutive activation of the oncoprotein. In addition, a significant association between mismatch-repair (MMR) deficiency and the V599E mutation in colorectal tumors has been found. The aim of our study was to investigate B-RAF mutations in 121 urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder (ranging from pTaG1 to pT4aG3) and 27 tumors from the upper urinary tract (UUT), including 16 tumors of the renal pelvis and 11 tumors of the ureter). Twelve of 27 UUT tumors were MMR-deficient and showed microsatellite instability. The V599E mutation was screened for by allele-specific PCR (PASA) and exons 11 and 15 of B-RAF including intron-exon-boundaries were sequenced. Overall, 116/121 bladder tumors and 23/27 tumors of the UUT were successfully investigated by PASA. None of the tumors showed the V599E mutation. Sequence analysis of exons 11 and 15 was successful in 46 urothelial tumors (bladder, n=31; UUT, n=15). No mutations within the coding region of exons 11 and 15 and the intron-exon junctions were found. The most frequent alterations in the B-RAF gene do not seem to be involved in urothelial carcinogenesis, and there is no correlation between MMR-deficiency and B-RAF mutations in urothelial tumors.
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PMID:No evidence for mutation of B-RAF in urothelial carcinomas of the bladder and upper urinary tract. 1465 16

We report on the very rare case of a patient with a malignant melanoma in the right ureter initially hospitalized for colic pains. Ureterorenoscopy revealed a pigmented solid mass adherent to the mid-ureteral wall. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy specimen demonstrated a malignant neoplasia with HMB45, Melan A and S100 positivity establishing the diagnosis of metastatic malignant melanoma. Hence, partial ureterectomy was performed with no further evidence of disease at the time of surgical intervention. Subsequently, multiple metastases in the renal pelvis and ureter led to secondary nephroureterectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy with complete excision of the ureteral orifice. Secondary metastatic lesions of the urinary bladder wall were completely resected followed by dacarbazine-based chemotherapy and resection of retroperitoneal recurrences. Based on this case as well as on recent published reports, we propose a possible algorithm for the treatment of metastatic melanoma of the upper urinary tract.
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PMID:Metastasis of malignant melanoma in the ureter: possible algorithms for a therapeutic approach. 1941 2

As the prevalence of prostate cancer in Germany is increasing, the issue of subsequent primary cancer (SPC) becomes more relevant. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk and its changes over time of developing SPC among prostate cancer patients compared with the general male population in Bavaria, southern Germany. Utilizing data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry Bavaria, the risk of SPC was evaluated in 59 259 men with prostate cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2008 who contributed 159 892 person-years. The relative and absolute risk of developing SPC were calculated using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and the excess absolute risk. Changes in the risk were examined by plotting the SIR and its 95% confidence interval against time after the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The overall risk of SPC was significantly increased by 14% compared with the general male population. With regard to specific cancer types, a significantly increased risk of SPC was found for the urinary bladder, kidney, pancreas, melanoma of skin, leukemia, myeloma, brain/nervous system, renal pelvis/ureter, thyroid, and the small intestine. The absolute risk of SPC for most cancer types, however, was below 10 cases per 10 000 person-years. A significantly decreased risk of SPC was found in the lung/bronchus and the liver. Although detection bias cannot be excluded as a contributing factor for our results, we recommend continuing follow-up care of prostate cancer patients particularly with respect to SPC of the urinary system as a precaution.
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PMID:Risk of subsequent primary cancer among prostate cancer patients in Bavaria, Germany. 2243 33


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