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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report 3 cases in which ureteral stents were indwelt to treat hydronephrosis due to retroperitoneal fibrosis, resulting in aggravation of hydronephrosis and renal function. An urodynamic study was carried out to determine the factors that aggravated hydronephrosis. The subjects were a 59-year-old male with prostatic cancer and bilateral hydronephrosis due to intrapelvic lymph node metastasis, a 49-year-old female with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis and bilateral hydronephrosis following surgery for stomach cancer, and a 65-year-old male with hydronephrosis due to idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Indwelling of ureteral stents in the 3 patients resulted in aggravation of hydronephrosis and renal function. Stent indwelling models of retroperitoneal fibrosis were produced using adult mongrel dogs. A pressure flow study was carried out through the nephrostomy in each experimental model to determine the intrapelvic pressure and urine volume. In all stent indwelling models, the urine volume showed changes similar to those in the controls. In the stent indwelling models, the intrapelvic pressure showed a significant increase with an increase in the volume of water instilled through the nephrostomy in the stent indwelling models with retroperitoneal fibrosis, unlike the controls and models with ureteral stenosis. In conclusion, the clinical cases and model experiment suggested that unlike partial ureteral stenosis, in ureters in which extensibility was disturbed in an extensive area, the indwelt stent caused an increase in the resistance of the liquid flowing in the ureter, aggravating hydronephrosis.
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PMID:[Three cases of hydronephrosis in which the indwelt ureteral stent was ineffective. Urodynamic studies using a stent indwelling model for retroperitoneal fibrosis]. 880 57

With an aim of promoting primary prevention of cancer, major avoidable risk factors as well as protective factors of cancer are reviewed based on previous epidemiological studies. Among various risk factors of cancer, tobacco is the most important avoidable risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, lung, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney (pelvis), ureter, bladder, and cervix. Tobacco accounts for some 20-30% of all sites of cancer. Betel quid and tobacco chewing is an important risk factor for cancer of the oro-pharynx in some parts of South-East Asia. Diet also plays an important role in the etiology of cancer, but its relation to cancer is complicated. An excess or insufficient intake of some food components elevates risk of cancer of several sites. Eating habits, available foods, methods of food processing may vary from country to country. Infection of oncogenic viruses (especially, HBV, HVC, HPVs) is an important avoidable risk factor of cancer where liver cancer and cervical cancer are common. Infection of Helicobacter pylori could also be an important risk factor of stomach cancer. Attributable risks of other avoidable risk factors, such as occupation, environmental pollution, sun light, radiation, food additives, pesticides, drugs, etc. are relatively small compared to those of tobacco, diet and infection. Exercise and stress are also manageable risk factor of cancer.
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PMID:Major avoidable risk factors of cancer. 1054 92

We experienced three cases of right hydronephrosis, which were later diagnosed to have been caused by gastric cancer (Borrmann type IV). The patients were 25-, 38-, and 50-year-old women who complained of right back pain. Ultrasound sonography revealed right hydronephrosis in all three cases. We conducted drip infusion pyelography, computed tomographic scan and retrograde pyelography, but there were no signs of urinary stones or tumors, except for the presence of right ureteral stenosis. Since the patients had upper abdominal discomfort, they underwent gastrofiberscopy, which revealed scirrhous gastric cancer. We suspected that the right ureteral stenosis was caused by metastasis of gastric cancer. After a double J catheter was indwelt at the right ureter, combination chemotherapy of methetrexate + 5-fluorouracil was conducted. The right hydronephrosis diminished and all three patients became catheter-free.
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PMID:[Three cases of gastric cancer (Borrmann type IV) presenting with right back pain caused by right hydronephrosis as the first symptom]. 1058 70

The typical symptoms of advanced cancer of the stomach are well known in clinical practice. The presented case concerns a patient with symptoms of left-sided renal colic, caused by a malignant tumour involving the ureter, which was diagnosed with a CT scan. The multifocal process, involving the stomach, two parts of the colon, the left ovary and the side of the pelvis, was confirmed only during surgery. The resection or partial resection of the above-mentioned organs involved by the malignant process and reconstruction of the alimentary tract as well as the ureter were performed at time of this operation. The patient's recovery was without any complications. The histopathological findings support the diagnosis of this malignant process as disseminated stomach cancer. In the available literature only two cases of stomach cancer metastasis to the ureter have been described. In both cited examples resection of the ureter with nephrectomy was performed. The review of the literature supports the value of stomach palliative resection in prolonging life and improving quality of life.
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PMID:Left-sided renal colic as a symptom of advanced stomach cancer - a case report. 2378 76

A 77-year-old female was indicated pelvic mass and hydronephrosis when her examination of advanced gastric cancer. Computed tomography revealed left ureteral dilatation and mass around the left ureter. Laparotomy biopsy was abandoned because of her low cardiac function. Thereafter, hemorrhagic stool was observed and colonoscopy revealed hemorrhagic mucosal protrusion at sigmoid colon. This lesion was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by pathology of biopsy specimen. Colonic invasion of other organ carcinoma was suspected by colonoscopic findings. Retrograde pyelogram revealed a defect of left lower ureter. Positron emission tomography revealed the mass excluding sigmoid colon and high value (SUV max was 10.3) at the mass. Therefore, it was diagnosed invasive ureteral squamous cell carcinoma and she was treated with 2 cycles of combination chemotherapy consisting of gemcitabine (800 mg/m2: day 1 and 8) and nedaplatin (60 mg/m2: day 1). During the chemotherapy, only cytopenia (grade 4: CTCAE guidelines) was observed. About 4 months after 2 courses of chemotherapy, the tumor size was reduced by almost 100% (CR; RECIST guidelines). Thereafter, recurrence of pelvic mass was not observed.
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PMID:[Successful combination chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus nedaplatin for invasive ureteral squamous cell carcinoma]. 2515 56

The proband was a 62-year-old man with ureter cancer. He had a history of metachronous colorectal and gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical staining showed the absence of both MSH2 and MSH6 proteins in the ureter cancer and other available cancer tissue specimens. Genetic testing was conducted to identify the causative genes of hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes including mismatch repair genes. We detected a germline variant, c.2635-3delC, within the splice acceptor site of exon 16, in the MSH2 gene. To investigate whether this variant affected splicing of the gene, RNA sequencing was performed using blood samples. We observed a substantial amount of the transcripts that lacked proper splicing of intron 15 in the indexed case, whereas, a very low amount of such aberrant transcripts was detected in the controls, strongly indicating an association between the variant and splicing defect. These results indicate that MSH2 c.2635-3delC affects normal splicing and might be a cause of Lynch syndrome.
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PMID:The single-base-pair deletion, MSH2 c.2635-3delC affecting intron 15 splicing can be a cause of Lynch syndrome. 3088 53


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