Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Resistance to the calcemic action of parathyroid extract (PTE) was shown in thyroparathyroidectomized rats after 5 hr of renal failure that was induced by either bilateral nephrectomy (NPX) or ureter ligation (UL). Studies were carried out to investigate the relationship of parathyroid resistance to the vitamin D status of the animal. Concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3) were similar in pooled sera samples from rats either UL or sham-operated and treated with PTE. Pretreatment with oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or with a combination of i.v. 24,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 prior to UL failed to alter the resistance. Resistance was also present in a group in vitamin-D-deficient rats. A similar group given 1 microgram of vitamin D2 showed more parathyroid resistance than did the group not given vitamin D2. In chronic renal failure of 28 day's duration, parathyroid resistance was again demonstrated, but, in contrast to the acute renal failure models, this was partly corrected by prior 1,25(OH)2D3 administration. These studies show that parathyroid resistance is not caused by an abnormality of vitamin D metabolism in the acute renal failure model, and we suggest that the phenomenon is due to the accumulation of one or more uremic factors.
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PMID:Resistance to parathyroid hormone in renal failure: role of vitamin D metabolites. 72 51

Glycerol acute renal failure (ARF) was examined to see if it alters theophylline (Th) neurotoxicity in rats. Concentrations of Th in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and in brain at seizure onset were similar in control and ARF rats infused with Th. Thus, glycerol ARF fails to alter Th neurotoxicity, an effect similar to that noted previously with uranyl nitrate but not with ureter ligation.
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PMID:Theophylline neurotoxicity is unaffected by glycerol-induced renal failure. 208 97

A fistula developed between the left common iliac artery and the distal left ureter of an 83-year-old woman who had undergone aortofemoral bypass grafting many years previously and in whom a Double-J stent was in place for 3 weeks while she was awaiting extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Exsanguinating hemorrhage into the urinary tract necessitated emergency nephrectomy and vascular repair. Although these measures were successful temporarily, the patient died 6 weeks later of repeat myocardial infarction and acute renal failure. The increasing frequency of ureteral stent use and of an operation on the iliac arteries is expected to increase the frequency of these potentially catastrophic fistulas.
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PMID:Ureteroarterial fistula: case report and review of literature. 230 76

Plasma concentrations of carnitine and carnitine esters were determined in patients with multiple forms of acute renal failure with and without sepsis, and also before and after haemodialysis therapy. Total carnitine, free carnitine, short-chain and long-chain acylcarnitine values of both groups of acute renal failure patients were markedly elevated compared with healthy subjects and chronically uraemic patients undergoing regular haemodialysis treatment. Carnitine and carnitine esters did not differ between septic and non-septic patients before and after haemodialysis with dialysers made of cuprophane or polysulphone. Animal experiments with acutely uraemic rats were performed in order to determine whether the liver or the kidney may be responsible for elevated carnitine and carnitine esters in acute renal failure. Plasma and liver total carnitine, free carnitine, short-chain acylcarnitine and long-chain acylcarnitine were significantly elevated in sham-operated animals, and further in ureter ligated and bilateral nephrectomised rats. Skeletal muscle and heart muscle carnitine and carnitine esters remained the same as in sham-operated controls. Our data demonstrate markedly increased liver carnitine synthesis and carnitine acylation in an acute uraemic rat model even after binephrectomy and 48-h food depletion and in the presence of elevated serum carnitine concentrations. Furthermore, from our clinical study we conclude that there is no need for carnitine supplementation in patients who developed acute renal failure in the postoperative and post-traumatic state under adequate nutrition even when requiring daily haemodialysis.
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PMID:Carnitine and carnitine esters in acute renal failure. 251 86

From Dec. 1985 to July 1988, 2006 patients with renal calculi were treated with Zhongshan Hospital JT-ESWL-I and France EDAP machines. Post-treatment obstruction of ureteral street stones occurred in 20 patients (1% in this series) with large renal calculi: 10 cases occurred in the left ureter, whereas the others in the right. The length of street stones measured 3-22 cm. Among the 20 cases, 14 patients were cured by medicine, repeated ESWL, or/and endoscopical manipulation. Two patients with acute renal failure were completely free of ureteral stones after nephrostomy or placement of a ureteral catheter and irrigation. 2 patients are still under treatment. In addition, some factors of the formation, prevention and treatment of the ureteral street stones are discussed in this paper.
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PMID:[Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in renal calculi causing ureteral obstruction: report of 20 cases]. 259 43

A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis with septic shock was present in a 58-year-old diabetic woman. The spontaneous production of gas was present within the right renal pelvis in kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly after admission, became complicated with acute renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute respiratory failure. Transurethral drainage of the pelvis using a 6 Fr. UPJ occlusion balloon catheter and endotracheal intubation with respiratory assistance were performed as a life-saving procedure. The optimal therapy with surgical or conservative approach for such a severe condition is discussed. The use of transurethral drainage of pelvis as a non-invasive treatment is suggested.
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PMID:[A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis with septic shock recovered by transurethral drainage of pelvis]. 267 63

The renal disposition of insulin in acute renal failure has not been evaluated. We used the isolated perfused rat kidney to test the hypothesis that acute renal failure (ARF) decreases renal insulin clearance. We used warm ischemia for 45 min, uranyl nitrate 5 mg/kg, ureter ligation, and nonfiltering kidneys as methods of inducing ARF. Comparisons were made with normal control kidneys. The concentrations of insulin in perfusate and urine was determined by radioimmunoassay. Acute renal failure caused significant reductions in glomerular filtration rate, sodium and potassium reabsorption, and an increased urine pH. Warm ischemia and uranyl nitrate toxicity caused a 50% decrease in the renal clearance of insulin. Nonfiltering kidneys cleared insulin at a rate 90% decreased from controls. Ureteral ligation caused a 32% decrease in insulin clearance. Filtration was necessary for insulin to be cleared from perfusate. We conclude that ARF decreased renal insulin clearance through a decrease in insulin uptake from both the tubular lumen and peritubular surface.
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PMID:Effect of acute renal failure on insulin disposition in the isolated perfused rat kidney. 331 99

A case of bilateral ureteral fibrosis is reported. The patient, a 32-year-old man, was admitted as a result of acute renal failure. Ultrasonography showed bilateral hydronephrosis, so that in-dwelling percutaneous nephrostomy tubes were immediately inserted in the bilateral kidneys. Since retrograde and antegrade pyelograms revealed bilateral midureteral stricture, idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis at first suspected, but no mass in the retroperitoneal space was found by a computed tomogram. An exploratory laparotomy showed no fibrous mass in the retroperitoneal space either, but that the wall of the ureter was thickened. Biopsy of the ureter led to a histological diagnosis of fibrosis. Since evidence of inflammation such as elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cross-reacting protein was found, 50 mg of prednisolone has been administered every other day, with the result that inflammation is now under control. This report deals with specific ureteral fibrosis related to idiopathic systemic fibrosis and collagen disease.
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PMID:Bilateral ureteral stricture due to ureteral fibrosis. Case report. 361 62

Acute renal failure (ARF) was induced in two groups of unilaterally nephrectomized dogs by occluding the renal artery, vein, and ureter of the remaining kidney for 2 hours. The control group (Group I), had no therapy; in the experimental group (Group II), isovolemic hemodilution was carried out using 6% hydroxy ethyl starch (HES) as diluent. The hematocrit in the experimental animals was lowered from 41.62 +/- 3.6% to 23.75 +/- 5.2% after renal occlusion. The mean arterial pressure and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure were unchanged in either group. Cardiac output increased following hemodilution from 1.66 +/- 0.35 to 2.70 +/- 0.50 L/min while it remained unchanged in Group I. Control animals developed ARF characterized by progressive rise in serum creatinine concentration and death. Only 1/7 Group I animals was alive on day 7 compared to 7/7 of Group II (p less than 0.01). ARF that developed initially in Group II began to resolve after day 4. There was a progressive and significant fall in serum creatinine concentration from 6.48 +/- 0.67 mg/dl on day 4 to 4.08 +/- 0.83 mg/dl on day 7 (p less than 0.001). Immediate isovolemic hemodilution with HES can reverse ARF induced by ischemia.
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PMID:Reversal of acute renal failure using hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch. 619 6

Hepatocytes isolated from the livers of starved, sham-operated, bilaterally nephrectomised and ureter-ligated rats as well as rats with ischaemic acute renal failure were used for a comparative study of the effects of different hormones on gluconeogenesis. In all tested groups dibutyryl-3':5'-adenosine monophosphate inhibits glucose synthesis from pyruvate whereas this process is not affected by glucagon and only slightly activated by adrenalin. In contrast, gluconeogenesis from dihydroxyacetone was stimulated by all three hormones at the expense of the conversion of dihydroxyacetone to lactate. In the presence of l-serine adrenalin, glucagon and dibutyryl cAMP also stimulate glucose synthesis, which is more marked in bilaterally nephrectomised and ureter-ligated animals. In half of the experiments with bilaterally nephrectomised rats (group BN 2), lack of sensitivity of hepatocytes to all tested hormones on gluconeogenesis from serine or dihydroxyacetone was observed. The beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol reduced the stimulatory effect of adrenalin on glucose synthesis from serine and abolished the influence of catecholamines in the presence of dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. This suggests that both alpha- and beta-receptors are involved in the activation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Insulin and parathyroid hormone did not change the rate of glucose synthesis in any of the experimental groups.
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PMID:Effect of hormones on hepatocyte gluconeogenesis in different models of acute uraemia. 629 38


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