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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 24-year-old male with epigastralgia was admitted to our Hospital because a kidney, ureter, bladder X-ray (KUB) revealed a right renal stone. The upright view revealed a crescent-shaped density with horizontal fluid level in the right kidney. With the patient supine the density was round. On retrograde pyelography the stone-like shadow was not enhanced. Since there were no symptoms nor evidence of renal disease other than the density within the right kidney, no treatment for the kidney was given. The patient is being followed in the urological clinic.
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PMID:[A case report of milk of calcium in a renal calyceal diverticulum]. 304 76

The study was carried out to determine the proximal tubular length, surface area and length of peritubular capillaries and the nephron numbers in kidneys with chronic nephropathy and varying increase in the cortical interstitial volume. Kidneys of pigs with varying chronic obstructive nephropathy were used for the experiments. Two subgroups of ureter-obstructed kidneys were defined arbitrarily according to the volume of cortical interstitium. One subgroup (I) comprised kidneys with a volume fraction of cortical interstitium less than 30% (mean 17.2%; mean of controls 9.7%). The other subgroup (II) consisted of kidneys with severe chronic nephropathy and with a volume fraction of interstitium more than 30% (mean 44.5%). Proximal tubular length and length and surface area of peritubular capillaries were assessed by conventional morphometric techniques on 1 micron thick sections of plastic embedded material. Nephron numbers were determined by a stereological method for counting glomeruli. The results demonstrated that proximal tubular length and capillary dimensions were significantly reduced in subgroup II, whereas no significant changes were observed in subgroup I. The mean number of glomeruli was not significantly different from control values in any of the subgroups. The results are in line with observations from previous quantitative analyses of proximal tubular cross-sections indicating that proximal tubular dimensions become reduced mainly at advanced stages of chronic nephropathy. The results also indicate that shortening of individual tubules rather than loss of entire nephrons is responsible for the observed reduction in total length of proximal tubules. Finally, the present observations suggest that reduced dimensions of the cortical capillary network may have pathogenetic significance for ongoing proximal tubular atrophy in chronic renal disease.
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PMID:Dimensional changes of proximal tubules and cortical capillaries in chronic obstructive renal disease. A light microscopic morphometric analysis. 309 58

The effects of three methods of acute ureteric dilatation (by graded Teflon dilators, low and high pressure balloon dilators) were evaluated radiologically, renographically and histologically in minipigs. The minipig ureter was dilated from its normal calibre of 4 F to 10 F. All three methods caused upper urinary tract dilatation and an obstructive nephropathy which had not resolved 96 h after dilatation. Histology at 24 h showed destruction of the transitional epithelium, with inflammation throughout the ureteric wall. Four weeks after dilatation the ureter was still dilated and urothelial nests were seen in the lamina propria and in the muscle coats. There was no evidence of ischaemic necrosis or ureteric stricture formation. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
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PMID:Acute ureteric dilatation for ureteroscopy. An experimental study. 334 96

Although obstructive nephropathy is a major cause of renal insufficiency at all ages, the functional consequences of relief of obstruction on the developing kidney are poorly understood. To evaluate recovery from chronic partial ureteral obstruction (CPUO) in the neonatal period, the left ureter of guinea pigs was constricted within the first 48 hours of life, and the obstruction was relieved 10 days later. At three and eight weeks of age, intraureteral pressure, number of perfused glomeruli (NPG), renal blood flow (RBF), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. These animals were compared with sham-operated and unrelieved groups. Two additional groups underwent CPUO at five weeks of age, with persistent obstruction or relief in 10 days, and were also studied at eight weeks. In all animals, intraureteral pressure increased during ipsilateral ureteral obstruction and normalized following its release. Recovery of RBF and GFR after relief of ipsilateral CPUO in the newborns was only partial at eight weeks, with no renal growth or increase in NPG from three to eight weeks of age. In contrast, recovery of RBF in the adult was complete 10 days after relief of obstruction, with significant increase in GFR, and no decrease in renal mass or NPG. We conclude that if delayed, relief of CPUO in the neonate may not restore renal growth and functional maturation which have been impaired by CPUO.
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PMID:Developmental determinants of recovery after relief of partial ureteral obstruction. 338 32

To produce a chronic moderate hydronephrosis in dog, a method of partial ureteral occlusion using a specially designed polypropylene obturator was developed. In 11 of 14 dogs undergoing this procedure, excretory urography constantly revealed a moderate degree of hydronephrosis persisting for 7 weeks. Combination of this method in one ureter with the vaginal-cuff cutaneous ureterostomy, previously reported, in the contralateral ureter is a useful model for split renal function study of unilateral chronic hydronephrosis or obstructive nephropathy analogous to that of clinical case.
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PMID:Chronic incomplete obstruction of the ureter: a new experimental model. 382 99

14 patients (20 ureter units) with neurogenic bladder and reflux in the upper urinary tract were treated with antireflux procedures. In general, ureterocystoneostomies according to the method of Cohen, 2 to that of leadbetter-Politano, and 1 according to the technique of Glenn-Anderson were performed. Infravesical obstruction, high intravesical pressure, and low bladder capacity have to be treated before an antireflux operation is done. The purpose of the antireflux procedure is to prevent reflux nephropathy and to restore urinary continence, by performing intermittent sterile self-catheterization and implantation of an artifical sphincter. Urinary diversion is seldom necessary.
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PMID:[Antireflux-plasty in neurogenic bladder-emptying disorders]. 389 25

Three adult patients with unilateral renal agenesis/total dysplasia (= aplasia) and with an early chronic renal failure are presented. One patient had renal agenesis without ureter bud and ureteric ostium on one side, and reflux pyelonephritis on the other; one had small compact total renal dysplasia (= aplasia) on one side, while chronic uric acid nephropathy (chronic renal disease as a cause of gout) was diagnosed on the other; the third patient had a total large multicystic dysplasia on one side, and on the other a segmental large multicystic dysplasia. Radiological steps and radiodiagnostic criteria are discussed and the combination of urogenital and extraurogenital anomalies is referred to.
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PMID:Chronic renal failure due to unilateral renal agenesis and total renal dysplasia (= aplasia). Report of three cases. 687 81

Divided into 9 sections, the difficult subject of megaureters is discussed. The classification comprises the primary and the secondary megaureter as well as the less well defined megacystis-megaureter syndrome. An embryopathy of the Wolffian duct and the ureteric buds is the underlying cause. Their main characteristics are obstruction and dysplasia. The primary megaureter develops supravesically. The secondary megaureter, as far as its cause is concerned, starts infravesically and is to be divided into two subgroups, depending on the time the embryopathy is developing. The megaureter, originating in the early embryonal phase is characterized by dysplasia and obstruction. The megaureter, originating in the late embryonal phase, presents obstruction only. The corresponding nephropathy shows obstructive, refluxive and dysplastic features. The causative distal obstruction ascends, its urodynamic reaction, however, descends in accordance with the rules of the pathophysiology of the smooth muscles of cavitary organs. Dilatation of the vesical bladder and the ureter are both prerequisite and symptom of muscular decompensation. The megacystis-megaureter syndrome is felt to be an extreme type of a simple reflux. The infravesical desobstruction is the most important step of the therapeutic strategy, followed by an antireflux ureterocystoneostomy with modellage. The indications are presented. Special types (the ectopic megaureter of a superior renal anlage, the prune-belly syndrome and the megaureter of the neurogenic bladder) are attributed to the classification as described above.
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PMID:[Congenital megaureter and its implications]. 689 13

The findings presented in this study are based on 29.226 autopsies performed (between 1953 and 1977) at Basel University on adult inhabitants of Basel, from which 409 urinary tract tumors (UTT) and 513 phenacetin abusers (PA) were discovered. There were 44 (8.6%) PA with UTT which, when compared with the control group (1.27%), represents a statistically significant increased incidence. Of the 50 UTT in PA, 52% occurred in the bladder, 6% in the ureter, and 42% in the renal pelvis. The induction time for tumors of the urinary bladder was about 27 years, and for tumors of the renal pelvis about 20 years. The commonest tumors arising in PA were invasive solid and non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas. PA with UTT died earlier than nonabusers but had metastases as frequently as nonabusers. Analgesic nephropathy was not always an accompanying disease. The daily dose of g/phenacetin in tumor patients in general, and in patients with tumors of the urinary bladder in particular, was about 1 g lower than in patients with analgesic nephropathy (without tumors) and in those with tumors of the renal pelvis. Thus, for the localization of the tumors, the daily dose seems to be more important than the total dose. Our investigation proved that not only tumors of the renal pelvis, but also of the ureter and the urinary bladder, are significantly more frequent in PA than in nonabusers. It is suspected that despite restriction of the over-the-counter sale of phenacetin-containing analgesics and even after stopping any analgesic abuse, UTT will further increase due to the longer induction time. Routine cytological screening tests of the urine are recommended for all known PA. A prescription for all phenacetin- and paracetamol-containing analgesics is necessary.
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PMID:Phenacetin abuse and malignant tumors. An autopsy study covering 25 years (1953-1977). 715 14

In 442 inhabitants of Basel 451 malignant tumors of the lower urinary tract were found at autopsy or biopsy from 1963 to 1977. 69/442 patients were abusers of phenacetin containing analgesics. Carcinomas and sarcomas of the lower urinary tract were nearly 13 times as frequent in abusers as in non-abusers. Carcinomas of the renal pelvis were 77 times, carcinomas of the ureter 89 times and those of the urinary bladder 7 times as frequent among abusers. The differences in incidence of malignant tumors are statistically highly significant for all localizations and for multiple carcinomas as well, even if smokers are excluded. "Phenacetin tumors" occurred in younger patients and were more common in women than in non-abusers. They were ofen, though not always, accompanied by analgesic nephropathy. Comparison with other etiological factors such as aromatic amines or thorotrast demonstrated that phenacetin abuse is of greatest importance. The significance of smoking cannot be established unequivocally. Because of the occurrence of a large number of malignant tumors in phenacetin abusers it is very important to prohibit by legislation the use of phenacetin or paracetamol containing analgesics without medical prescription. In addition, these drugs should be replaced by other analgesic compounds.
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PMID:[Phanacetin abuse III. Malignant urinary tract tumors in phenacetin abuse in Basle 1963-1977]. 736 45


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