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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a consecutive series of 88 cases of carcinoma of the kidney and upper urinary tract seen at one hospital, 31 had malignant urothelial tumours of the renal pelvis or ureter. Forty-two per cent of these transitional-cell carcinomas occurred in patients with renal papillary necrosis following upon prolonged and heavy analgesic ingestion. Other possible aetiological factors were heavy cigarette smoking (61% of cases), long standing urinary obstruction or infection (23%) and possible occupational exposure (6%); in only four cases (13%) was there no identifiable aetiological factor. Those cases with analgesic nephropathy were characterised by renal functional impairment, hypertension and interstitial nephritis, but there was no difference in the clinical behaviour or pathological appearances of the tumours in the two groups. The clinical and experimental evidence that certain metabolites of phenacetin are carcinogenic is reviewed.
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PMID:Analgesic abuse, renal parenchymal disease and carcinoma of the kidney or ureter. 27 65

Of 291 patients who received renal allotransplants in 1964-74, 94 patients developed 121 bacteremic episodes within the first 6 months after transplantation. The death rate was 38%. The bacteremic episodes occurred mainly during the first 2-3 months after transplantation. In 65% of the episodes bacteremia was secondary to urinary tract infections. The bacteria fourn were most often gram-negative rods such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Proteus. Predisposing factors were ureteral complications such as leakage or necrosis of the ureter, leucopenia, immunosuppression, and source of the kidney. The frequency of bacteremia was the same in patients with infectious and non-infectious primary renal disease.
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PMID:Bacteremia after renal transplantation. 33 58

Urothelial tumours of the upper urinary tract are rare, but their incidence increases in subjects suffering from phenacetin nephropathy, Balkan nephropathy and infected pyelic calculi. In order to act on the urothelium through the urinary way, a cancerigenic substance must (1) be eliminated with the urine; (2) be absorbed by the urothelium; (3) remain in the tissue for a certain length of time. Any situation leading to a prolongation of intra-tissue stasis favours the action of carcerigenic substances. The hypothesis is put forward that interstitial nephritis, by impeding the reabsorption from the pelvis by pyelo-lymphatic reflux and by making more difficult the lymphatic drainage of the pyelic and ureter walls, leads to a condition favouring carcinogensis, especially if the subject is exposed to contact with even not very active carcinogens. It is possible to foresee that in future the incidence of upper urinary tract tumours should increase in chronic uraemic patients under dialytic treatment and in transplant patients.
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PMID:Chronic interstitial nephritis as a cause of tumours of the upper urinary tract. A hypothesis. 49 41

There is one renal disease in which unilateral estimation of GFR is desirable for clinical purposes: chronic pyelonephritis. Considering the possibilities for complications to determine unilateral renal function by ureter catheter just in this group of patients, we tried to estimate unilateral GFR with 66mTc-DTPA after a single injection of 5 mCi i.v. on the basis of blood samples at 90, 110 and 130 min after injection and evaluation of gamma-camera data from 25 to 35 min after administration of the dose. 31 patients were studied. In arenal patients clearance values were 7.5 ml/min (+/- 10.47 ml/min), unilaterally nephrectomized patients showed zero values for the removed kidney. Normal patients had a mean GFR of 107 +/- 17.7 ml/min with a partition between right and left kidney of 54.2 +/- 10 to 52.75 +/- 8.5 ml/min. Patients without urinary tract obstruction and unilateral renal disease had values of 27.1 +/- 11 ml/min for the diseased kidney while the normal kidneys gave a mean value of 59.6 ml/min (+/- 13 ml/min). In the presence of urinary tract obstruction, data could not be correlated to the state of renal function. This shows that unilateral estimation of GFR using 99mTc-DTPA is basically possible, but that it is useless in obstructive kidney disease.
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PMID:Unilateral estimation of glomerular filtration rate with 99mTc-DTPA. 69 96

Data on the occurrence of endemic nephropathy (EN) and urinary tract and other cancers in an endemic region of Vratza district, Bulgaria, for the years 1965-1974, are presented. In endemic villages a high incidence of urinary tract tumours, affecting in particular the renal pelvis and ureter, closely correlated with the EN incidence and mortality rates. In the villages with high and moderate EN incidences urinary tract tumours are the most common neoplasms. They account for 25% of all tumour sites in males and 30% in females. In hyperendemic villages age-adjusted incidences in EN and urinary tract tumours were 506/10(5) and 104/10(5) in females, and 315/10(5) and 89/10(5) in males respectively. EN mortality in these villages accounted for over 40% of all deaths in females and about 30% in males. Both diseases displayed peculiar geographic clustering. Females and middle-aged persons were most often affected. Urinary tract neoplasms were often multiple and nearly 90% of them originated in the uro-epithelium. In endemic and non-endemic villages of the region studied, the frequency and pattern of non-urinary tract cancers were rather similar, with statistical values close to those of the rural population of Vratza District and Bulgaria as a whole.
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PMID:Geographic correlation between the occurrence of endemic nephropathy and urinary tract tumours in vratza district, Bulgaria. 83 16

A study of three families living in villages with endemic nephropathy (EN) in Vratza district, Bulgaria, revealed 9 members with urinary system tumors (UST), 7 with UST and EN, and 7 with EN. Most cases were registered from 1962 to 1976. The predominant form was transitional cell neoplasms of the kidney pelvis and ureter in patients 40-60 years old. In about 40% of the patients more than one site in the urinary system was involved. One ovarian carcinoma was also registered in these families during this period. Persons related by marriage and coming from nonendemic families and villages were also affected by both diseases. In other branches of the three families living in other households or villages, only one case of EN was found.
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PMID:Families with multiple cases of urinary system tumors: brief communication. 90 2

The excretory urograms performed on 1716 children and 3480 adults have been examined to find the incidence and complications of renal duplication. Ninety-five patients with duplication were found, unilateral in 79 and bilateral in 16 patients. It was equally common on each side and twice as common in females as in males. Non-duplex kidneys had a mean of 9.4 calyces and duplex kidneys had a mean 3.7 upper and 7-6 calyces in lower moieties. In patients without renal disease and with unilateral duplication the two kidneys were equal in size in 39%, and the duplex was smaller in 10%. Twenty-seven per cent of the duplex kidneys examined showed evidence of disease compared to 3% of the non-duplex kidneys-a significant difference (P less than 0-001). Saddle reflux is the only abnormality unique to duplication and was seen in one patient. Extravesical ectopic ureter and ureterocoeles are known to be associated with renal duplication, but in this series ureterocoeles were found only on the non-duplex side. The duplex kidney in children is more susceptible to reflux than is the non-duplex kidney, and this leads to both ureteric and pelvi-calyceal dilation, and to chronic pyelonephritis in the duplex side in those children who develop urinary tract infections. Chronic pyelonephritis was found in 22% of patients under 15, significantly more often than in adults (P less than 0-001), although the incidence of duplication was unchanged. It is concluded that there is no real increase in the number of children with duplex kidneys having urinary tract infections, and the vast majority of duplex kidneys do not become diseased.
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PMID:The incidence and importance of renal duplication. 100 Aug 96

Arteriograms were reviewed in 60 cases of renal transplant dysfunction and correlated with the final diagnosis. Angiographic refinements included selective injections, 2-4X direct magnification, and flow-dependent injection rates. Angiography permitted recognition of common causes of post-transplantation dysfunction, including acute vasomotor nephropathy (AVN), acute refection (AR), chronic rejection, and obstruction of the ureter, renal artery, or renal vein. In 28 patients with AVN or AR who had technically adequate cortical microangiograms, classification was correct in 57%, indeterminate in 36%, and erroneous in 7%. In addition to its diagnostic value, angiography provides some prognostic information in AR, permitting prediction of functional return when the pattern suggests AVN and lack of return when cortical necrosis is indicated.
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PMID:Arteriography of renal transplants. 109 1

Circumvallate nephro-cystostomy (CNC) provides a subcutaneous connection of a nephrostomy and a cystostomy catheter thus allowing spontaneous micturition. This procedure is suitable for those patients affected by an obstructive nephropathy where it was not possible to insert a double "J" stent or where surgical treatment was not allowed. Patients affected by debilitating disease benefit from these procedure by avoiding problems connected with daily handling of catheter, examples are medications at the insertion site or possible dislodgement of a nephrostomy catheter added to the psychological problems related to carry the urine collection bag. A number of 13 patients have been treated with this method, 5 had monolateral CNC, 8 had bilateral CNC for a total of 21 procedures. All but one cause of ureteral obstruction were neoplastic, the exception being a patient with necrosis of the ureter subsequent to major vascular surgery. CNC had a residence time ranging from 1, 5 to 25 months with an average of 9.8 months. Only in 2 cases it was necessary to remove CNC due to recurrent cystitis and orchitis due to bladder irritation by a cystostomy catheter and for an obstruction which could not be remedied in a patient with necrosis of the ureter. The most important complication, i.e. obstruction, occurred in 4 cases. In the above mentioned case CNC was removed after 9 months of proper performance. In the other 3 cases obstruction occurred after 2, 3, 18 months and in all this cases obstruction was easily removed. Besides obstruction only minor malfunctions were experienced and the procedure was very well tolerated by all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Circumvallate nephro-cystostomy]. 141 96

P-fimbriated Escherichia coli, which cause nonobstructive pyelonephritis, adhere to a specific urothelial glycolipid receptor. In either the presence or absence of reflux (in the area of turbulent urine flow) these bacteria ascend the ureter and cause a decrease in ureteral motility. Endotoxin causes peristalsis to cease, leading to ureteral dilatation and change in papillary shape, thus allowing intrarenal reflux and adherence of the bacteria to renal tubules. Bacterial infection of a refluxing ureter may cause reflux to persist. Once the bacteria reach the kidney rapid effects occur at the cellular level with activation of complement followed by granulocytic aggregation and capillary obstruction, causing renal ischemia and damage during reperfusion. In addition, during phagocytosis the respiratory burst occurs, releasing toxic oxygen molecules, which leads to renal tubular death, invasion of the interstitium, microabscess and renal scar formation, that is chronic pyelonephritis, which equates with reflux nephropathy.
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PMID:Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis in the monkey: a review. 143 97


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