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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With an aim of promoting primary prevention of cancer, major avoidable risk factors as well as protective factors of cancer are reviewed based on previous epidemiological studies. Among various risk factors of cancer, tobacco is the most important avoidable risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, lung, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney (pelvis), ureter, bladder, and cervix. Tobacco accounts for some 20-30% of all sites of cancer. Betel quid and tobacco chewing is an important risk factor for cancer of the oro-pharynx in some parts of South-East Asia. Diet also plays an important role in the etiology of cancer, but its relation to cancer is complicated. An excess or insufficient intake of some food components elevates risk of cancer of several sites. Eating habits, available foods, methods of food processing may vary from country to country. Infection of oncogenic viruses (especially, HBV, HVC, HPVs) is an important avoidable risk factor of cancer where liver cancer and cervical cancer are common. Infection of Helicobacter pylori could also be an important risk factor of stomach cancer. Attributable risks of other avoidable risk factors, such as occupation, environmental pollution, sun light, radiation, food additives, pesticides, drugs, etc. are relatively small compared to those of tobacco, diet and infection. Exercise and stress are also manageable risk factor of cancer.
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PMID:Major avoidable risk factors of cancer. 1054 92

A rare case of botryoid Wilms tumor is presented. The main clinical manifestations were persistent low-grade fever, malaise, and proteinuria associated with microhematuria. Ultrasonography revealed an echogenic mass in the right kidney, and a contrast-enhanced mass was found in the dilated collecting system by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The surgically resected tumor was a polypoid, light-yellow, glistening mass that occupied a large part of the renal pelvis and originated from the pelvicaliceal wall. Part of the tumor extended to the proximal ureter, resulting in hydronephrosis in the involved kidney. No parenchymal lesion was observed. Microscopic examination revealed epithelial, stromal, and blastemal components, which indicated Wilms tumor. Infection had occurred in the hydronephrotic kidney, which presumably had caused the major presenting symptoms. The prognosis of our patient and previously reported cases of botryoid Wilms tumor was good compared with that of typical Wilms tumor, since the botryoid type can be detected at an early stage.
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PMID:Botryoid Wilms tumor: case report and review of literature. 1065 34

Nephrolithiasis is a common clinical entity, and the incidence of renal stones appears to be increasing in the United States. Infection with uropathogens that produce urease can lead to the development of stones (infection stones), which serve as a continued source of recurrent infection and can lead to chronic kidney disease. Other than treating infection, medical management has little role in the treatment of infection stones; complete eradication of the stones with percutaneous nephrolithotomy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is required. Stones of metabolic origin can cause obstruction in the ureter and predispose to the development of urinary tract infection (UTI). Recognizing obstruction and initiating prompt drainage of the collecting system is important in the successful management of nephrolithiasis complicated by UTI. These patients are often at high risk of infection with an antimicrobial-resistant pathogen, so careful consideration of antimicrobial therapy is required, especially for patients who present with severe sepsis.
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PMID:Management of urinary tract infections associated with nephrolithiasis. 2130 54

Infection stones are more likely to form after urinary diversion as the result of urinary stasis. To prevent urinary stasis due to encrusted pyelitis in a transplanted kidney, we describe an alternative a surgical treatment: ileo-pelvic anastomosis. In our patient with a transplanted kidney, the ileal conduit had previously been anastomosed end-to-side owing to renal tuberculosis with an atrophied bladder; the transplanted ureter was anastomosed to the ileum in the left lower abdomen with an ileal conduit on the opposite side. Routine check-up revealed hydronephrosis with infected pyelitis and ureteritis in the transplanted kidney. We performed ileo-pelvic end-to-end anastomosis to prevent urinary stasis by lengthening the ileal conduit and performed augmentation cystoplasty to support the atrophied bladder following tuberculosis. We suggest that this approach may be useful in similar cases.
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PMID:Ileo-pelvic anastomosis and augmentation cystoplasty for treatment of encrusted pyelitis in a transplanted kidney. 2355 Feb 63

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is increasing across the world. Although the most common clinical manifestation of NTM disease is lung disease, a rare form of disseminated NTM disease has also been documented. Disseminated NTM usually develops in severely immunocompromised individuals, especially those with advanced AIDS. This manifestation is rare in non-HIV-infected hosts and is associated with immunosuppressed conditions. However, recent reports have suggested that disseminated NTM disease in immunocompetent patients without HIV infection has been increasing. Dissemination may involve any organ system, but a case in the female genital tract has never been reported. We report a case in a 67-yr-old previously healthy woman who presented with a disseminated NTM infection in the uterine cervix. The primary presentation was general fatigue and body weight loss. The patient also presented with a mass formation that mimicked cervical cancer on magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to the cervical mass, the patient presented with a mass formation in the omentum; wall thickening of the vagina, bladder, and ureter; and retention of pleural/peritoneal fluid. Vaginal cytology was negative. A diagnosis was made only after detecting acid-fast bacilli in a biopsy specimen of cervical mass, which was conducted under suspicion of cervical malignancy. Then, Mycobacterium avium was confirmed in a polymerase chain reaction test of cervical tissue. After administration of antimycobacterial therapy, the mass and other findings on magnetic resonance imaging disappeared. Infection in multiple organs leads to the diagnosis of disseminated NTM. This case indicates that, for prompt and accurate diagnosis, efforts to detect specific lesions by an imaging study and to confirm diagnosis pathologically are equally important, especially when local cytology is not convincing. The clinical course of this case may serve as a useful reference in the diagnosis and treatment of NTM.
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PMID:Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in the Uterine Cervix Mimics Invasive Cervical Cancer in Immunocompetent Woman. 2653 86

Ureteric substitution using the Yang-Monti principle was reported as a modification of simple ileal ureter replacement. During April 2013 to June in 2015, 2 patients underwent ileal ureteral substitution using a reconfigured ileal segment of Yang Monti principle in our clinical center. Some slight modifications were made and then follow-up were carried out up to 12 months. For these 2 cases, no significant intra/post-operative complications occurred. In 1 year follow up, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of both patients decreased to normal.Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renogram and pyelogram showed a stable split renal function. To better understand the Yang-Monti principle and potential risks and complications, we conduct an systemic review by searching PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library database from January 1996 through June 2016. 10 out of 644 publications were identified, which included 269 patients from cohort studies. The most usual indications for Yang-monti therapy were iatrogenic stricture and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Infection and ileus were indicated as themain short time postoperative complications while the fistula and re- strictures happened in long-term. In general,we believe Yang-Monti Principle is a safer and efficient technique for clinical partial and complete ureteral defects if patients and potential risks could be well prepared.
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PMID:Yang-Monti Principle in Bridging Long Ureteral Defects: Cases Report and A Systemic Review. 2867 Jun 76

Actinomyces turicensis (A. turicensis) are normal commensals of the oral, gut, vagina, and skin flora. Infection with these organisms is usually benign, and bacteremia is rare. Here, we describe a case of an otherwise healthy female patient presenting with renal calculi and life-threatening A. turicensis bacteremia. The patient did not have any risk factors for A. turicensis bacteremia. The patient developed multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and received a biodegradable right ureter stent. The patient improved with urosurgical intervention and appropriate antibiotic coverage.
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PMID:A Case of Life-threatening Actinomyces turicensis Bacteremia. 3214 Mar 29


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