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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Routine cytological screening of Papanicolaou-stained smears of the urinary sediment from 57 renal allografts in 51 patients has resulted in the detection of seven cases of Human Polyoma Virus (HPV) BK infection--14% of the total number. Infection was confirmed by virus isolation and electron microscopy (EM). The cytological, histological and ultra-structural data are described and related to the clinical progress of the patient. Four out of the seven cases are discussed in more detail as histological material was available; in three of these, there was evidence of stenosis of the transplant ureter with virus infected cells in the ureteric epithelium and in one case also in the renal tubules. Administration of high dose steroids may provoke active infection with HPV in ureteric epithelium damaged by ischaemia and inflammation. The similarity between the clinical features of an HPV infection and a rejection episode make it imperative to confirm the diagnosis quickly and accurately. Cytological examination of the urinary deposit by light microscopy is a simple, inexpensive procedure which provides positive diagnosis of the typical virus inclusions within an hour of receiving the urine specimen in the laboratory. This can be confirmed by removing single cells from the original cytological slide preparation and processing them for EM using a technique described by Coleman et al [1].
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PMID:Human polyoma virus (HPV)--a significant pathogen in renal transplantation. 21 90

A series of 270 paediatric stone patients was studied retrospectively according to the clinical pattern of urolithiasis (age and sex, stone location, stone analysis, recurrence rate) and aetiology of stone disease (infection, anatomical, metabolic or idiopathic). Infection stones occurred earliest and more commonly in males and were usually upper tract struvite calculi related to Proteus infection. Anatomical stones were most commonly associated with pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction and had a high recurrence rate, despite surgical correction of obstruction. Idiopathic stones most resembled those found in adult urolithiasis by virtue of occurring latest, being sited in the ureter more often and being more frequently composed of calcium oxalate. Metabolic stones were most frequently calcium phosphate or cystine and virtually all were renal. They comprised the smallest group but had the highest recurrence rate.
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PMID:Clinical patterns of paediatric urolithiasis. 188 49

The higher level of patients of pregnant woman in comparison with non-pregnant ones results from a higher unfitness for work which nearly corresponds to the increase of sicknesses depending on gestation. From all causes of unfitness for work more than 60% were depending on gestation. Causes for the half of the release from work depending on gestation were the three diagnoses threatening abortion, threatening premature birth and bleedings. On the total level of patients of 11.66% they had a share of 5.70% points. Infections of the ureter, the diagnosis' 'Other complications in pregnancy', hyperemesis and gestoses followed. Infections of the upper respiratory tract and influenza were the causes of all releases from work which were not depending on gestation. Their share on the level of patients amounted to 0.9% points. Releases from work because of sicknesses of circulation and of the digestive tract followed in their frequency. A number of further causes of unfitness for work had only a small share on the happenings of unfitness for work.
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PMID:[Morbidity status, causes for work disability and social factors influencing work disability in pregnancy. 2. Causes for work disability]. 381 73

Primary obstructive megaureter (P.O.M.) is a dilatation, different in size, of upper urinary tract without reflux and secondary to a functional obstructive malformation of terminal segment of ureter. Infection and renal function impairment complicate P.O.M. in a rather high percentage of cases. In Authors' experience, in about 22% another urinary malformation and in more than 8% an extraurinary malformation are associated. Authors' experience in the treatment of 119 P.O.M. (102 patients) is reported. 14 P.O.M. (9 patients) were not operated on. In 104 megaureters (92 patients) an ureteric reimplantation with shortening and tailoring without preoperative temporary urinary diversion was carried out. In 4 megaureters a V.U.R. and in another 4 an ureteric stenosis taken place as postoperative complications. In 96 ureters (92.3%) positive results were obtained with normalisation or impressive improvement of upper urinary tract and improvement of renal function.
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PMID:[Results of the surgical treatment of primary obstructive megaureter in the child]. 383 26

An experimental pyelonephritis model was developed in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using P-fimbriated Escherichia coli as the infecting organism. The relevant receptor molecules for P-fimbriae were also shown to be present in Macaca fascicularis. Atraumatic administration of P-fimbriated E. coli into the ureter induced a ureteritis followed by acute and chronic pyelonephritis. The decisive role of P-fimbriae as an adhesive virulence factor was proven by the receptor blockade of P-fimbriae-mediated bacterial adhesion by a synthetic receptor analogue (alpha-D-Galp-(1-4)-beta-D-Galp-1-OMe), which was administered into the ureter together with the challenge bacteria. On the basis of these and other findings, the role of reflux and pyelonephritis in relation to renal scarring is discussed in this paper. It is proposed that minor transitional vesicoureteral reflux together with the adhesive property of P-fimbriated E. coli and their ability to induce ureteritis might constitute an alternative mechanism to gross reflux by which bacteria ascend to the kidney. These findings and the fact that intestinal colonization with P-fimbriated E. coli coincides with the disease have opened up new prophylactic and therapeutic possibilities.
Infection
PMID:P-fimbriae of pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli: significance for reflux and renal scarring-a hypothesis. 613 85

Within the framework of perioperative prophylaxis against infections, serum and tissue concentrations were measured following an i. v. bolus injection of 2.0 g of cefotaxime in 25 patients with a prostatic adenoma. The mean serum concentrations were 64.9 microgram/ml, 56.6 microgram/ml, 45.2 microgram/ml, 18.2 microgram/ml and 19.9 microgram/ml 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes respectively following the injection. The corresponding concentrations in the prostatic adenoma tissue were 8.8 microgram/g, 15.3 microgram/g, 22.9 microgram/g, 4.3 microgram/g and 2.7 microgram/g respectively. The tissue concentrations in ten testes from six patients were measured in a similar way. The maximum concentration (5.4 microgram/g) was also found to occur 90 minutes after the injection. We found very different values, ranging from 0.3 microgram/g to 39.6 microgram/g, in eight kidneys as a result of greatly differing diagnoses and function. Average concentrations of 9.2 microgram/g to 0.8 microgram/g in the ureter, fatty tissue and muscle tissue were within the therapeutically effective range. The cefotaxime concentrations found in serum and tissue lead us to expect successful therapy when cefotaxime is used to treat bacterial infections with sensitive pathogens in the urogenital tract.
Infection 1980
PMID:[Diffusion of cefotaxime in different tissues of the urogenital tract (author's transl)]. 625 Sep 82

A 66-year-old patient developed severe urinary stasis due to a concrement in his right ureter; foudroyant septicemia followed. Lactobacillus gasseri was grown from pyoid urine from the right renal pelvis and in two blood cultures, thus suggesting septic urinary infection caused by lactobacilli. The infection was cured by catheterisation of right ureter and antibiotic treatment with cefotaxime and amoxicillin. The concrement was removed by dissolution. Diabetes and urinary stasis appear to be the main predisposing factors for this exceptional case of septic urinary infection caused by L. gasseri.
Infection
PMID:Lactobacillus gasseri as the cause of septic urinary infection. 632 18

In this study, the relationship between leukotrienes, peritubular cell infiltration with polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and renal tubular damage was investigated in a rat model of acute ascending pyelonephritis. Infection was induced by the injection of 10(5) CFU of Escherichia coli into the bladder and occlusion of the left ureter for 24 h. Treatment of infected animals was started 24 h after the induction of pyelonephritis with either hydrocortisone (25 mg/kg of body weight per day), the leukotriene inhibitor L-651,392 (10 mg/kg/day), or the vehicle of L-651,392 and was maintained for 5 days. At the end of treatment, the animals were killed, serum was collected, and both kidneys were removed for colony counts and histopathology. Renal function was evaluated by the measurement of blood urea nitrogen levels and creatinine clearance. The numbers of PMNs and mononuclear cells (MNs) in the cortex and medulla were recorded for all groups on plastic sections done from the left kidney. Infection alone (vehicle of L-651,392) resulted in intensive interstitial infiltration and a severe tubular destruction in the cortex. Treatment with hydrocortisone did not prevent PMN migration and tissue damage. By contrast, treatment with L-651,392 resulted in a significant reduction in PMNs (P < 0.001 in comparisons with all other groups) and greater preservation of the tubular structure despite identical bacterial counts than in the group receiving hydrocortisone. We conclude that L-651,392 prevents inflammatory cells from reaching the site of infection and protects the kidney from tubular damage associated with inflammation during pyelonephritis. Inhibitors of leukotrienes should be further investigated for their potential benefit as adjuvants to antibiotherapy in the treatment of pyelonephritis.
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PMID:L-651,392, a potent leukotriene inhibitor, controls inflammatory process in Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. 797 88

Fourteen of 1000 consecutive kidney transplant patients had congenital malformations affecting the bladder or urethra: six had congenital valvulus of the urethra, two congenital sclerosis of the bladder outlet, and six a neurogenic bladder. Pretransplant surgery had been performed in all patients: reimplantation of ureter (n = 11), resection of congenital valvulus (n = 7), and nephrectomy (n = 6). Four patients had an intestinal bladder. Age was 0-17 (median 1) years at diagnosis. Follow-up time was 3-10 (median 5) years. Special transplant surgery techniques were required in five patients. Patient survival after 2 years was 100% and graft survival 93%. No graft was lost due to outflow obstruction, infection or other causes related to the underlying disorder. Late technical problems were seen in two patients. Urinary tract infections were reported in 13 patients before transplantation and in eight after. Results of transplantation were excellent. Infections and surgical problems had a minor impact on outcome.
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PMID:Kidney transplantation to patients with congenital malformations of the distal urinary tract. 895 99

A prospective bacteriological study in 50 children with acute pyelonephritis (APN) (32 girls and 18 boys) and 132 children with lower urinary tract infections (LUTI) (89 girls and 43 boys) was conducted from May to December 1993. Infection was defined by Kass' criteria and APN was defined by the clinical findings. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) assay and postcontrast computed tomography in the presence of a doubt concerning the diagnosis. Escherichia coli (EC) was the bacterial species most frequently isolated (76%). A systematic search for fimbriae protein adhesins (group PAP: pyelonephritis associated pil) on the EC was performed by haemagglutination (human group A red blood cells). 64% of EC possessed fimbriae protein adhesions in the APN group versus only 20% in the LUTI group. In children in whom an organic abnormality was demonstrated, the incidence of fimbriae protein-positive EC was 33% while in children with no organic abnormality, particularly without reflux, 89% of EC presented fimbriae protein. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between these two groups (p < 0.01). The results of this study illustrate the important role of these adhesins in the development of APN. These adhesins facilitate countercurrent ascension of bacteria in the ureter towards the upper urinary tract and can make the bacteria resistant to certain antibiotics. Testing for fimbriae protein can be useful in clinical practice when investigating the aetiology of APN in the absence of demonstrated reflux. A latex test should soon be available to facilitate the detection of fimbriae protein.
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PMID:[Significance of the detection of fimbriae protein type adhesins on bacteria isolated in acute pyelonephritis in children]. 924 55


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