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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urodynamic diagnostic procedure have provided new concepts with consequent advantages for urological patients. The postoperative evaluation of renal pelvic surgery, the detection of functional stenosis of the ureter, stress incontinance, prostatic hypertrophy and postoperative incontinence are typical examples of conditions ideally suited to urodynamic assessment. Urodynamic investigation represents a very important contribution towards the prevention of postoperative failure and enables the achievement of higher diagnostic accuracy.
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PMID:[Effective urodynamic evaluation in hospital and general practice (author's transl)]. 7 93

The possibility of ureteric duplication should always be considered in children presenting with urinary infection. A high degree of suspicion should be present during X-ray investigation. Surgery is nearly always required to cure the problem, vesicoureteric reflux requiring reimplantation and a ureterocoele involving both uncapping and reimplantation techniques. Heminephroureterectomy is rarely required except in cases of bizarre ectopic opening in which incontinence is the presenting feature and the associated renal segment is dysplastic. Ureteropyelostomy is required for the rare situation of saddle reflux in the bifid ureter of incomplete duplication. It is occasionally employed for complete duplication, but it must be stressed that the primary defect is always at the lower end of the ureter and such bypass surgery must be combined with a ureterectomy and, when necessary, reimplantation of the remaining ureters.
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PMID:Duplication of the upper urinary tract. 47 71

A review is made of the most outstanding, clinical facts in the U.P.R.D. with extravesical, ectopic, ureteral anastomosis, with special reference being made to the radiological diagnosis. The authors recall those stated in Weigert and Meyer's Law, as well as the deformities and deviations which may appear in the twin excretory systems as a result of their duplicity. They defend the subtotal heminephroureterectomy as the best means of therapy for correcting incontinence, providing that there is no ther concomitant anomaly or illness in the opposite kidney as well as in that of the duplicity itself. Two kinds of cases are presented: one bilateral with widening of the right, superior ureter in the urethra and the same on the left side in the vulva; the other left, unilateral with ectopia of the supernumerary ureter in the urethra.
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PMID:[Renopyeloureteral duplications with extravesicular dilatation of the ureters (bilateral case and unilateral case)]. 56 59

Smooth muscle preparations of the urethra, bladder, and ureter were obtained from patients undergoing operations for various urological disorders. The urethral preparations were contracted by noradrenaline (0.1-3 microgram . ml-1), prostaglandin F2alpha (1-10 microgram . ml-1), and potassium (127 mM), the bladder preparations by carbacholine (0.004-1 microgram . ml-1), prostaglandin F2alpha (1-10 microgram . ml-1), potassium (127 mM), and barium chloride (3 mM), and the ureter preparations by potassium (127 mM), and barium chloride (3 mM). Irrespective of the mode of activation, pretreatment with nifedipine (0.1 microgram . ml-1) for 10 min. reduced the responses. Nifedipine also relaxed preparations contracted by the contractile agents used. In 19 female patients, aged 20 to 73 years, undergoing investigation because of urgency and/or urge incontinence, simultaneous urethrocystometry at rest was performed before and after oral administration of 20 to 40 mg nifedipine. Bladder capacity and residual urine were also determined. Nifedipine did not affect the pressures within the bladder and urethra, nor did it increase the bladder capacity. However, after nifedipine intake there was a statistically significant increase in residual urine. The results suggest that nifedipine can inhibit contractile activity induced by drugs with different modes of action; the drug does not affect the tone in bladder and urethra.
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PMID:Effects of nifedipine on the smooth muscle of the human urinary tract in vitro and in vivo. 69 40

In the light of a case of right triple ureter in a 5 month old girl, the authors review the embryology of the ureter and describe the different types of triplication. A general review of the literature including 70 cases gives an indication of the circumstances of discovery and the contribution of radiology. The complications of complete ureteral triplication are the same but greater than those of complete duplication and are related to the ectopic position of the ureteral orifices with regard to the trigone. They are dominated by reflux and stasis in the case of high ectopia and by false incontinence (20% of cases) in low ectopia.
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PMID:[Triple ureter. One case. Diagnostic problem and review of the literature (author's transl)]. 87 25

32 cases of single ectopic ureter have been reviewed. The more remote the ectopic orifice opens from its normal position the more severe were the associated renal anomalies. In the great majority of cases, the corresponding kidney was dysplastic and radiographically functionless. An embryological explanation is proposed to account for the association of single ectopic ureter with a dysplastic kidney. Clinical symptomatology was dribbling incontinence in most female cases and various urogenital complaints in male. An accurate preoperative diagnosis is usually reached with a pyelogram and micturating cystogram. In some female cases a vaginogram or direct puncture and opacification of a vaginal cystic mass may be contributive. In the male, a radiological non-functioning kidney on one side of the urogram associated with a cystic mass palpated above the prostate is pathognomonic of an ectopic ureter opening in the seminal tract. Deferentography may confirm this diagnosis. Treatment of the condition is surgical. In the great majority of cases nephroureterectomy is required. In the male, the abnormal seminal tract involved in this complex malformation should also be removed.
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PMID:The single ectopic ureter. 97 75

A case of a 2-year-old female with right ectopic ureter opening in vestibule vaginae and without urinary incontinence is reported. Excretory urogram showed mild dilatation of the upper right segment with bilateral complete duplication. Right ectopic ureter some functioning upper segment of the kidney was reimplanted into the bladder to avoid surgical intervention for heminephrectomy. According to the retrograde ureterogram of ectopic ureter the running courses and shapes of the dilated distal portions of ureters were compared between two groups, ectopic ureter with incontinence and that without incontinence. We suppose the continence mechanism of ectopic ureter is kept when the running course of the ureter through some portion of the urethral sphincter musculature.
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PMID:[Ectopic ureter opening to vestibule without urinary incontinence: a case report]. 141 45

The word "enuresis" is the greek word for incontinence. Enuresis has to be considered as a symptom and not as a disease. We have to keep in mind that urine leaking may be due to an anatomical anomaly (epispadias, ectopic ureter, spinal coral lesion, urethral obstacle) in which case treatment of the underlying disease constitutes treatment of enuresis. Nevertheless, enuresis is isolated in 95% of cases. Three groups are defined depending on whether the bladder is normal, hyperactive or retentionnist with bladder-sphincter dyssynergia. We emphasize the frequency of coexistence of these three aspects and the gravity of a wrong diagnosis. The onset or presence of bladder-sphincter dyssynergia is a major concern for the pediatric urologist due to its severity and the difficulties of treatment.
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PMID:[Enuresis]. 144 45

In order to understand the pathology of incontinence, it is important to investigate urinary symptoms, urological and neurological examinations and urodynamics. There are two kinds of incontinence. One is true incontinence in which urine passes through urethra, and the other is false incontinence due to the ectopic opening of the ureter, for example to the vagina. The former includes stress incontinence, urge incontinence, reflex incontinence, overflow incontinence and total incontinence. Stress incontinence occurs with the sudden increase of abdominal pressure such as cough, running and exertion. The cause of stress incontinence is thought to be weakening of pelvic floor muscles after delivery or aging. In these patients, the bladder base and urethra move downwards and backwards, which make the posterior vesico-urethral angle more than 120 degrees. Treatment of stress incontinence includes pelvic floor exercise, administration of alpha-stimulants which increase the tonus of the internal sphincter and surgery to elevate the urethra. Urge incontinence is observed when detrusor instability occurs. It is also seen in patients with neurological diseases such as multiple cerebral infarction or with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Treatment of urge incontinence includes administration of anticholinergics to decrease bladder hyperreflexia. Reflex incontinence is seen in patients with spinal cord disorders. It occurs due to reflex contraction of detrusor and the treatment involves administration of anti-cholinergics. Overflow incontinence is seen in patients with voiding difficulties due to BPH. It occurs when residual urine increases and when the intravesical pressure exceeds urethral pressure on body movement. Treatment for this is intended to improve voiding difficulties. Total incontinence occurs when total sphincter function is damaged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The pathology and treatment of incontinence]. 159 84

The author reviews the clinical record of a 6-year-old boy, who had urinary incontinence with wetting of his underwear in the posterior part. IVP, Cystoscopy, Cystogram, Left Retrograde Pyelogram and Surgery showed a double distal ureter on the left side. The normal ureter drained in the bladder in the orthotopic ureteral orifice. The medial dilated ectopic ureter, in the form of an H, was connected to the normal ureter and drained in the perianal area. The incontinence stopped after the resection of the ectopic ureter.
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PMID:[An ectopic ureter which drained into the perianal area]. 162 Aug 95


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