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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Introduction of specific chemotherapy and vaccination leads to a remarkable recession of renal tuberculosis in the younger age group. Renal tuberculosis is the result of a haematogenous spread of tubercle bacillus. Haematogenous spreading occurs immediately after primary infection, or, in elderly patients, in combination with recurrency of tuberculous foci in lungs and hilar-lymphnodes. Simultaneous metastasis in the skeleton, especially in the vertebrae, are observed in 30%. The incubation period between tuberculous spread and clinical manifestation of renal tuberculosis lasts several years, in the average 5-8 years, for calcareous kidneys it may last as long as 20 years and more, for tuberculous pyelitis only a few months. Today it is possible to treat renal tuberculosis with drugs (Streptomycin, PAS and INH). In 13% the cicatrisation is combined with obstruction of calices and partial hydronephrosis, in 7% with obstruction of the ureter and total hydronephrosis. Early chemotherapy may prevent the development of tuberculous hydronephrosis.
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PMID:[Pathology of renal tuberculosis (author's transl)]. 95 6

The short-ear gene in the mouse, se, affects a number of soft tissues; skeletal effects result in reduced body cavities. A high incidence of hydronephrosis in short-ear genotypes has been ascribed to pressure on the lower ureter resulting from crowding of organs in the body cavity. This study concerns the ureteral vascular system as observed in 861 autopsies of mice of varying age, of the three short-ear genotypes, drawn from ten stocks. Incidence and expression of hydronephrosis is greater in short-ear males than in females, and the ratio between the two varies from one stock to another. This study seeks an explanation. Short-ear genotypes have an abnormally high incidence of unusual ureteral veins, hydronephrosis being strongly associated with the more posterior ones. Ureteraonadal and iliac veins. The spermatic vein's more posterior position, compared with the ovarian, is strongly correlated with the sex difference in posterior ureteral venation and thus with the sex difference in incidence of hydronephrosis. Stocks are compared according to the amount of selection for fitness of short-ear genotypes; there is a reduced incidence of hydronephrosis with selection, accompanied by fewer posterior ureteral veins. Age also affects hydronephrosis; its expression increases slightly with age, and the male sese progeny of young mothers appear to be particularly prone to hydronephrosis. Three skeletal mutants segregate; of these fidget, fi, causes a type of hydronephrosis differing somewhat from that caused by se.
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PMID:Hydronephrosis in the mouse: the effects of the short-ear gene, sex and ureteral vascular system. 97 Mar 45

The reabsorption and excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water were investigated subsequent to loading with saline solution before and after unilateral hydronephrosis with partial obstruction to flow had been induced in 23 dogs by ligation of the ureter over an indwelling catheter. In the experimental kidney the increase in the total excretion of sodium and chloride and of water in per cent of GFR and the decrease in the reabsorption of sodium, chloride and potassium in per cent of the filtered loads were statistically significant. The glomerulotubular balance was altered statistically probably significantly, but the relation between the capacities for reabsorption of sodium and glucose was maintained. The renal pelvic dilatation was measured and plotted against the degree of renal functional impairment. A statistically significant inverse correlation was noted between renal pelvic volume and reabsorption of sodium and of chloride in per cent of the filtered loads. The osmolality of the urine was the parameter showing the most marked difference between the hydronephrotic and the contralateral kidney. For sodium and chloride the difference between the two sides in the reabsorbed amount in per cent of the filtered load was correlated probably significantly to the degree of renal pelvic dilatation.
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PMID:Renal function in experimental chronic hydronephrosis. IV. Renal handling of sodium and water. 99 53

Studies of renal function comprising determination of exogenous creatinine clearance, urinary osmolality and TmG were performed on 23 dogs, for each kidney separately, after hydronephrosis with partial ureteric obstruction had been produced by ligation of one ureter over an indwelling catheter. A method for determining the volume of the hydronephrotic renal pelvis was developed and the degree of functional reduction was correlated to the degree of pelvic dilatation. In 11 cases the renal blood flow was determined by direct measurement. Statistically significant reductions of the glomerular and tubular functions were noted on the hydronephrotic side. TmG and the urinary osmolality showed the greatest percentual decreases and the TmG/GFR ratio the smallest. The decrease in this ratio was due to greater deterioration of tubular than of glomerular function. The renal blood flow was reduced on the hydronephrotic side in comparison with the intact side, but seemed relatively less affected than the glomerular and tubular functions. Compensation by the intact kidney resulted in masking of the deterioration on the hydronephrotic side; thus for the whole material the mean GFR and urinary osmolality for the two kidneys together remained essentially unchanged. No statistically significant correlation between the degree of functional reduction and the degree of pelvic dilatation was found. Such a correlation could therefore not be used in the individual case as an indication of the functional capacity of a kidney.
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PMID:Renal function in experimental chronic hydronephrosis. III. Glomerular and tubular functions in relation to renal pelvic volume. 99 54

A significant number of offspring from brother-sister matings of NIH-Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were found to be normotensive at 20 weeks of age. Over 20% of the animals that were hypertensive at this age had mild-to-moderate unilateral hydronephrosis at the time of sacrifice. In over 90% of the rats that did not develop hypertension spontaneously, ligation of one ureter raised blood pressure above 150 mm Hg within 2 weeks. In those rats made hypertensive by obstructing one ureter and in those that developed hypertension with accompanying naturally occurring hydronephrosis, subcutaneous implants of fragmented renal medulla from unrelated normal rats decreased blood pressure to normotensive levels. In contrast, medullary implants had no significant effect in rats developing hypertension spontaneously without hydronephrosis. Renal inner medullary plasma flow was low in the obstructed kidneys of hydronephrotic hypertensive SHRs but was elevated in the kidneys of nonhydronephrotic hypertensive SHRs. The hypertension in hydronephrotic SHRs appears to be related to an impairment of the antihypertensive function of the renal medulla. Such an impairment of medullary antihypertensive function does not appear to play a significant role in the hypertension in SHRs without hydronephrosis.
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PMID:The renal medulla and mechanisms of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 99 30

Pelvi-ureteric function was studied in pigs with experimental urinary tract obstruction, and again, 5 weeks after relief of the obstruction. Study parameters comprised EMG records taken from pelvis and ureter, measurements of intrapelvic pressure and urine flow, and some supplementary studies of renal function. Total obstruction of 5 and 6 weeks duration induced by cuffing the proximal ureter occasioned severe hydronephrosis and renal failure. Pelvic peristaltic activity was of low frequency, and abnormality was clearly more marked after the longer period of obstruction. There was, for example, some preservation of pelvi-ureteric synergism at 5 weeks, but at 6 weeks ureteric activity was wholly autonomous. Pelvic function was similarly isolated, and non productive. Inspection 5 weeks after reconstruction by pelvis resection and neo-anastomosis of the ureter showed continued absence of renal function and no restitution of normal peristaltic patterns. Partial obstruction, effected by implantation of the ureter in the psoas muscle, induced mild pelvic dilatation and impaired renal function, but there were only minor signs of disruption of normal anterograde pelvi-ureteric activity - irregularities, pauses in activity, and double activity complexes. When the ureter was freed functional patterns returned to normal. Both during obstruction and after relief, pelvic pressure increases during forced diuresis were the equivalent of or lower than the pre-determined norm. Cautery at the pelvi-ureteric junction destroyed the musculature and induced a progressive (fibrous stenosis. There was progressive dissociation of pelvi-ureteric activity, total when obstruction was total in which case ureteric activity was only autonomous, and partial when obstruction was partial in which case varying degrees of synergism and autonomous activity were seen. Successful reconstruction (pelvic resection and neo-anastomosis of the ureter) restored an apparent synergism in pelvi-ureteric function.
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PMID:Experimental hydronephrosis. An electrophysiologic investigation before and after release of obstruction. 107 50

In 31 patients undergoing surgery in treatment of hydronephrosis, peroperative pelvic pressure measurements were made. EMG records were taken from pelvis and ureter, and occasional measurements of urine flow were made. In 6 instances these studies were also made in the contralateral "normal" kidney, but in 2 of these patients the diseased kidney was not studied. Pelvic pressure during antidiuresis in these 6 "normal" kidneys was about 5 mmHg, and pelvic activity of frequency 5/min. Pelvi-ureteric impulse transmission was anterograde and conduction times were constant. Conduction ratios varied. During forced diuresis mild pelvic pressure rises were seen together with transient increase in pelvic activity over the period of pressure increase. In the studies of hydronephrotic kidneys no significant differences were seen in pelvic pressure of frequency of pelvic activity compared with the "normal" kidney studies, but impulse transmission was markedly disturbed, manifest by varying conduction times, and, on occasion, total dissociation of activity within the pelvis, and between the pelvis and ureter. The more severe the degree of hydronephrosis, the more marked the disturbance. The findings are similar to those made in experiments with pigs after establishment of varying degrees of urine flow obstruction.
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PMID:Dynamics of upper urinary tract in man. Peroperative electrophysiological findings in patients with manifest or suspected hydronephrosis. 107 54

Urologic injury during pelvic surgery is primarily a matter of prevention; should it occur, however, prompt recognition and appropriate management are essential. Basic principles are applicable, whether the operation has been performed via the abdominal or the vaginal route. Conditions such as endometriosis, infection, previous operation, and tumor distortion increase the likelihood of damage to the urinary tract. Difficult dissection may easily damage the urethra, bladder, or ureters. Preliminary information as to the position of the ureters and bladder will alert the surgeon. Exacting identification of the ureter and bladder is necessary prior to the use of clamps, sutures, or incision. The next most important factor is recognition of such injury. Whenever the possibility exists, it must be promptly and definitively delineated. Injury to the urethra, bladder, or ureters, when recognized and appropriately repaired, is unlikely to cause subsequent complications. Good surgical techniques, adequate and accurate hemostasis, prevention or treatment of infection, drainage of the operative site, and splinting and resting of the organ are necessary. It is the unrecognized and unrepaired urologic injury that increases the chances of immediate and delayed complications. Peritonitis, infection, stricture, fistula, hydronephrosis, and renal damage as well as death may occur even if the patient survives the immediate postoperative complications. It is important in such instances that the error not be compounded by rash attempts at additional surgical procedures at an operative site where there is maximal tissue reaction. General supportive measures with drainage of the urinary tract to preserve renal function are all that should be done. It is likewise important that the surgeon not be rushed into an early attempt to correct the resultant fistula. Adequate time must be allowed for the tissues to heal so that the subsequent repair may be carried out successfully and without further complications.
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PMID:Urologic injuries. 109 92

A case of transitional cell papilloma of the ureter is reported in a seven-year-old boy who had a history of severe flank pain and was found to have hydronephrosis of the left kidney. A brief review of the literature has revealed that transitional cell papilloma of the ureter is extremely rare in children.
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PMID:Transitional cell papilloma of ureter in young boy. 112 79

Prompted by an encounter with a symptomatic case, a study has been made of hydronephrosis complicating operations for aortic reconstruction. Twenty patients operated upon consecutively for occlusive vascular disease and undergoing reconstructions involving the use of synthetic material in the vicintiy of the ureter have been investigated by intravenous pyelography. The incidence of hydronephrosis in pyelograms after a year or more was 10 per cent of the patients and 5-7 per cent of the ureters at risk. Dilatation, when it arose, was always apparent in the immediate postoperative period, but half of the dilatations evident at that time resolved within a year.
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PMID:Hydronephrosis complicating aortic reconstruction. 113 27


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