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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental replacement of a long ureter segment in female dogs was done, using the animal's fallopian tube as a pedicle graft. 3 different techniques of proximal and distal anastomosis for urinary tract reconstruction were performed on 3 groups of dogs. The findings suggest that the fallopian tube is a good ureteral substitute, because of its: 1) host compatibility, 2) anatomic proximity to the ureter, permitting blood supply to the tube, 3) mucosa lining which is unaffected by contact with urine and which does not absorb urinary electrolytes, and 4) muscular wall with peristaltic activity.
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PMID:Ureteral substitute by fallopian tube. Experimental study. 116 42

Basement membrane zones (BMZ) of human epithelia were stained with GDA-J/F3 monoclonal antibody, which was originally raised against sperm cells. Using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques, the antibody reacted with the BMZ of stratified squamous epithelia (skin and its appendages, tongue, lip, oesophagus and cervix). It also stained the BMZ of trachea, nasal ciliated mucosa, some mammary ducts of lactating and resting breast, amnion and ureter but failed to react with that of stomach, ileum, colon, rectum, kidney, liver, fallopian tube, lung or their blood vessels. In testes, the antibody did not react with the BMZ of the seminiferous tubules although the sperm tails were stained. Split-skin immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy localized GDA-J/F3 antigen to the inferior border of the lamina densa of the BMZ. In human foetuses, the epidermally associated antigen was detected at an estimated gestational age of 9 weeks, and in the amnion at 15 weeks. The antibody reacted with tissues from monkey but not from mouse, rat, cow or pig suggesting the late appearance of the antigen during evolution. Although the GDA-J/F3 was difficult to characterize biochemically, its tissue distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructural localization suggests that this antigen may be a type VII collagen-associated protein, whose expression is altered in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. This disease could represent abnormalities in type VII collagen structure, assembly, transport or interaction with associated proteins.
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PMID:Detection of a novel basement membrane antigen by GDA-J/F3 anti-human sperm fibrous sheath monoclonal antibody. 191 Dec 92

During the period from (May 1980 to July 1985), six cases of rudimentary uterine horn complicating pregnancy were presented. Artificial abortion failed in five cases, one case complained of lower abdominal mass only. The other 5 cases were correctly diagnosed preoperatively. In one case the pregnant horn ruptured with profuse internal haemorrhage and deep shock. The horn cavity was separated from the normal uterine cavity by a connective tissue cord in all 6 cases. Two of the cases had dysmenorrhea and congenital abnormally of ureter in the same side of the rudimentary horn. Diagnosis was discussed in detail B-ultrasound scanning is useful for the early diagnosis of rudimentary horn pregnancy. The rudimentary horn should be resected together with the fallopian tube on the same side with preservation of ovary. Its round ligament must be cut and fixed to the normal uterus.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of rudimentary uterine horn complicating pregnancy]. 200 71

Catheters containing miniature ultrasound (US) transducers, originally developed for intravascular evaluation of plaque, were used in a series of in vivo and in vitro animal experiments to image a variety of nonvascular lumina. Measurements of the wall thickness and echotexture of the urethra, urinary bladder, ureter, renal pelvis, bile ducts, small bowel, fallopian tubes, and uterus were carried out. Close correlation between the US images and actual anatomic specimens was obtained. Structures outside of the lumen were identified and confirmed with both direct visualization and radiographic localization. Two small stones artificially inserted into the renal pelvis and a polyp-like projection artificially created within the fallopian tube were clearly identified by using the US probe. These initial US studies demonstrate the potential feasibility of these miniature transducers contained within catheters for intraluminal analysis in humans.
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PMID:Endoluminal US: experiments with nonvascular uses in animals. 217 92

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against cytotrophoblast. Two different antigens, defined on cytotrophoblast but not on syncytiotrophoblast were designated ACT-1 and ACT-2, respectively. Chorionic villi were taken from normal early pregnancy and processed for immunization by two different procedures. ACT-1 was demonstrated to be present in lung alveolar cells, endothelial mucosa of the jejunum, colon, ureter, urinary bladder and the fallopian tube, and endometrial gland of the pregnant uterus. On the other hand, ACT-2 was present in the endothelial mucosa of the stomach, endothelium of the renal vessel, and the decidua of the pregnant uterus. Although the monoclonal antibodies did not react with such established cell lines as Bewo, SCH, OVK-18, HHUA, MK-01, FL, BHK and P3 X 63Ag 8 . 653, they did react with some of the cell lines when the cell membrane was destroyed with Triton X-100. Each antibody, therefore, may recognize the antigen not on the cell membrane but in the cytoplasm. The antigens might be shed or may disappear in the process of differentiation from cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast.
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PMID:Human cytotrophoblastic antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies. 337 2

Hydrocephalus is a frequently encountered problem in infancy and is most commonly treated by placement of ventriculoperionteal (VP) or ventriculoatrial (VA) shunts. Other sites for insertion of the distal shunt have included the stomach, ureter, and fallopian tube. This report describes an experience with ventricular gallbladder shunts (VGB) in 25 children performed from 1970 to 1985. There were 13 girls and 12 boys ranging in age from 6 months to 16 years. Diagnosis included meningomyelocoele (7), congenital hydrocephalus (7), postmeningitic complications (5), intracranial tumor (4), and intraventricular hemorrhage (2). Indications for operation included VP shunt infection (15), massive ascites following VP shunt (3), VA shunt infection (4), and distal shunt malfunction due to fibrinous adhesions or cysts (secondary to infection; (3). Three patients had early shunt failure due to proximal obstruction (2) and gallbladder atony (1). Shunt revision was required in two and the atony was successfully treated with cholecystokinin in one. Fourteen shunts remain in place, two patients have been lost to follow-up, and three children died from unrelated causes. Seventy percent of the 20 patients available for long-term follow-up have functional shunts in place. The VGB shunt procedure remains an attractive alternative for patients with hydrocephalus in whom intraperitoneal and intravascular shunts are no longer feasible.
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PMID:Ventricular gallbladder shunts: an alternative procedure in hydrocephalus. 361 54

Research on the physiopathologic and biochemical nature of prostaglandins (PGs) suggest that PGs play a role in reproductive physiology. In vitro studies show that the PGE series decrease the motility of the human uterus, fallopian tubes, and ureter, and produce vasodilatation. PGFs cause vasoconstriction and increased motility of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ureter, and gastrointestinal muscle. PGs are also known to inhibit lipolysis, platelet aggregation, and gastric secretion. The exact mechanism of PGs are not fully understood, but evidence suggests that many responses can be attributed to interference with the enzyme adenyl cyclase, which catalyzes the formation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) from adenosine triphosphate. The adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system mediates lipolysis, steroidogenesis, gastric secretion, certain smooth muscle motility responses, and increase in permeability due to vasopressin. Early studies of the myometrial effects of PGs showed that the PGE series inhibited the motility of the human myometrium in vitro while the PGF series produced mixed responses. The role of PGF2alpha in parturition has not been established but evidence suggests that it has a potential role as an oxytocic in cases of therapeutic abortion. In the area of human fertility, the physiologic role of PGs in seminal fluid is hypothesized to facilitate the migration of spermatozoa from the vagina into the uterine cavity. Karolinska Institute researchers have found that some infertile males have low PG levels in their ejaculates and are now working with methods of improving the PG levels to improve their fertility. Pickles et al. proposed a potential role for PGs in the etiology of dysmenorrhea, having found a significantly higher ratio of PGF to PGE in a series of patients with severe dysmenorrhea than in a comparable series of normal patients. The luteolytic and antinidatory effects of PGF2alpha are being investigated and studies appear encouraging. PGs have therapeutic potentials in induction of labor, treatment of infertility, morning-after conception, treatment of dysmenorrhea, and contraception by alteration of fallopian tube motility.
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PMID:The role of prostaglandins in reproductive physiology. 491 53

This report presents a case of pelvic actinomycotic infection that was accurately diagnosed preoperatively by means of fine needle aspiration. The patient was a 40-year-old black female, gravida 6, para 6, who presented to the emergency room complaining of intermittent, crampy lower abdominal pain of approximately 1 month's duration. She also complained of a recent onset of urinary frequency and urgency without dysuria as well as a change in bowel habits, with recent constipation. Review of the patient's medical history was notable for the placement of a Dalkon Shield IUD 10 years before without subsequent removal, a history of irregular menses in the past year, and treatment for gonorrhea 10 years previously. The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks prior to admission. She denied fever and night sweats but had lost 20 pounds in the past 2-3 months. Vital signs were normal. Pelvic examination revealed a firm, fixed uterus, approximately the size of a 14-week pregnancy, and an associated mass extending to the left and inferiorly into the rectovaginal septum. An intravenous pyelogram showed left hydronephrosis and hydroureter, with compression of the ureter at the level of the sacrum. Sigmoidoscopy revealed extrinsic compression of the rectum at 12 cm, the some mucosal edema. A CT scan of the pelvis disclosed an 8 cm mass in continuity with the uterus extending into the lower pelvis, with possible focal erosion of the sacrum. The clinical impression was advanced cervical carcinoma. Transvaginal fine needle aspiration was performed using a 21-gauge spinal needle and a Franzen needle guide. Following a diagnosis of actinomycotic abscess, the patient was placed on tetracycline, due to her penicillin allergy, and taken to surgery. The abdomen was opened and revealed a slightly enlarged uterus. The uterus and cervix were adherent to the left pelvic wall and posteriorly to the rectum by firm, friable tissue. The left fallopian tube and ovary were adherent to this . With some difficulty the uterus was freed, and a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The postoperative course was unremarkable, and the patient was discharged on tetracycline. A morphologic diagnosis of actinomycotic infection with abscess formation was made. Sections of the left parametrium revealed multiple microabscesses and sinus tracts surrounded by abundant granulation tissue. Some of the abscesses contained actinomycotic organisms. Chronic endometritis and cervicitis as well as acute and chronic left salpingitis were documented.
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PMID:Diagnosis of pelvic actinomycosis by fine needle aspiration. A case report. 620 95

A review of our experience with the Mitrofanoff catheterizable channel, with emphasis on patient acceptance and preference, is presented. Continent catheterizable channels using the Mitrofanoff principle were created in 35 patients (mean age 9.1 years, range 2 to 21). Mean followup was 22 months (range 1 to 60). Followup data are available for 33 patients. We used the appendix, ureter, fallopian tube and tube of stomach to construct the channel. All 33 patients used the Mitrofanoff catheterizable channel without difficulty for at least 3 months postoperatively. A total of 16 patients (48%) can empty the bladder only by Mitrofanoff catheterization and do so without difficulty. All 11 patients (33%) who have the potential to catheterize either the Mitrofanoff channel or urethra choose to catheterize the Mitrofanoff channel preferentially. The patient not using Mitrofanoff catheterization had stomal stenosis 12 months postoperatively and elected to perform urethral catheterization rather than undergo surgical repair. Five patients (15%) can void but all use the Mitrofanoff catheterizable channel to monitor post-void residual volumes. This study shows a high acceptance rate for patients receiving a continent catheterizable stoma.
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PMID:The Mitrofanoff catheterizable channel: patient acceptance. 786 33

Human genital skin fibroblasts contain both the full-length 110 K androgen receptor protein (AR-B, apparent M(r) approximately 110,000) and an 87 K N-terminally truncated AR isoform (AR-A, apparent M(r) approximately 87,000). These two AR species are structurally analogous to the A- and B-isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR). We examined the distribution pattern of human AR isoforms in a variety of fetal and adult tissues by Western blot analysis. Relative levels of immunoreactive AR proteins in high salt tissue extracts were estimated by densitometry in comparison to a standard normal genital skin fibroblast preparation. High AR levels (AR-A + AR-B = 0.8-7.7) were present in male and female reproductive tissues from mid-trimester fetuses, including penis, prostate, testis, epididymis, scrotal skin, labial skin, uterus/cervix, and ovary. AR-A and AR-B (0.08-0.9) also were found in 14 non-genital fetal tissues (bladder, fat, lung, great vessel, trachea, muscle, scalp skin, kidney, thyroid, intestine, thymus, ureter, stomach and rectum). AR-A accounted for 4-26% of the AR protein detected in these tissues. Ten other fetal tissues had low levels of AR-B (0.02-0.3) and little or no detectable AR-A. AR-B also was the predominant or only immunoreactive AR species found in 17 adult human tissues. AR levels in adult reproductive tissues (prostate, endometrium, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, testis, seminal vesicle, myometrium, and ejaculatory duct) ranged from 0.1 to 2.2. Immunoreactive AR (0.4-0.8) also was present in specimens of prostate carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma and kidney. Lower levels of AR (0.03-0.1) were detected in adult breast, colon, lung and adrenal gland specimens. This study demonstrates that immunoreactive AR protein is present in a wide variety of human fetal and adult tissues and that two AR isoforms are expressed in many tissues.
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PMID:A and B forms of the androgen receptor are expressed in a variety of human tissues. 880 38


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