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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although epinephrine stimulates insulin release by activation of beta-adrenergic receptors, its dominant effect (mediated by stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors) is an inhibition of insulin secretion that is powerful enough to suppress the secretory activity of insulin's most potent stimulants. The insulin-secretory response to potassium chloride (KCl) infusion, however, is not suppressed; in fact, in ureter-ligated dogs simultaneously infused with 360 microgram. epinephrine per hour and 2 mEq. KCl per kilogram per hour, insulin release is actually increased about threefold (over controls). Propranolol blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors essentially abolishes the insulin response to KCl infusion, with and without epinephrine. It is unlikely that KCl, like epinephrine, provokes insulin release by direct stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors of the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. However, potassium in some way enhances the beta adrenergic (secretory) activity of epinephrine and blunts its usually dominant alpha-adrenergic (inhibitory) effect.
Diabetes 1978 May
PMID:Epinephrine enhancement of potassium-stimulated immunoreactive insulin secretion. Role of beta-adrenergic receptors. 20 80

Most fungal infections of the urinary tract involve the drainage structures rather than the kidney parenchyma. They usually occur in patients with diabetes or other chronic debilitating diseases and in the presence of urinary stasis. Conglomeration of fibrillar hyphae results in fungal balls which produce nonopaque filling defects in the renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder. Such fungal ball colonies were demonstrated by percutaneous (antegrade) pyelography in the upper urinary tract in two cases. A percutaneous nephrostomy was performed in one patient to provide drainage of pus in the renal pelvis.
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PMID:Fungal infection of the urinary tract: demonstration by antegrade pyelography and drainage by percutaneous nephrostomy. 40 93

A case of unilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis is presented in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis was established from the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma, the pelvicalyceal system and the ureter. The patient was treated with a prolonged course of antibiotics and the function of the left kidney returned to normal.
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PMID:Unilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis. 44 99

A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is presented. A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of unclear consciousness and extremely high blood glucose level. The laboratory data suggested uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and urinary tract infection with sepsis and DIC. The plain abdominal X-P and abdominal CT revealed the existence of gas in the right renal parenchyma, perinephric tissue and the upper part of the right ureter. Right nephrectomy was performed after the improvement of the patient's condition by the echo-guided drainage of the right kidney and the treatment for infection, DM and DIC. We reviewed 71 cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis in the Japanese literature and the choice of treatment was discussed.
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PMID:[A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis with disseminated intravascular coagulation]. 154 72

A man aged 46 years with diabetes mellitus was admitted with acute right-sided renal symptoms. Pyelonephritis emphysematous without concretions was found. The patient was treated with insulin, fluids, electrolytes and antibiotics and nephrostomy was performed and, subsequently, an internal JJ-catheter in the ureter. The symptoms disappeared and he was discharged on a low dosage of sulphamethizol. After the planned removal of the JJ-catheter, sepsis running a lethal course developed. This emphasizes the importance of adequate prophylactic antibiotic therapy in connection with interventions in the urinary tracts.
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PMID:[Fatal emphysematous pyelonephritis]. 163 72

Following the induction of experimental diabetes in two groups of rats using an isograft model, a comparative study was made of two types of pancreas transplants in which several procedures were employed. The vascular anastomosis in one group were to the renal artery and vein, and in the other, to the iliac vessels. The pancreatic ducts in one subgroup were ligated, in another, they were diverted to the urinary system; in a third sub-group, they were diverted to the intestine. The results obtained for the sub-group with the transplant anastomosed to the renal vessels were the best. It is suggested that this was due to two factors: the simplicity of the technique and the short operating times. In this present work the two best methods of dealing with the exocrine secretion were diversion to the ureter and ligation of the common bile duct. The worst results were in the group with duodeno-cystostomy.
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PMID:Pancreatic transplantation in the rat. An experimental model. 221 99

The impairment of sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder neck was supposed to be a cause of the syndrome of diabetic retrograde ejaculation (DRE). The performance of the sphincter system had not been studied in this category of patients. The liquid profilometric technique was used to examine 3 groups of males: 8 patients with the DRE syndrome; 5 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without ejaculation disorders; and 7 apparently healthy subjects. All the examinees showed no organic changes in the prostate and urethra. The groups were matched by age, type, duration and severity of DM. The DRE syndrome patients had no elevation of intraureteral pressure in the area the inner sphincter of the urinary bladder, which evidenced its atony. In health the elevation of vesical pressure is usually accompanied by an increase in ureteral resistance (r = 0.96; p less than 0.001), thus maintaining the stability of the positive pressure gradient and preventing the escape of urine. Correlation analysis revealed alterations of interrelations between intravesical and sphincter pressures in diabetes mellitus patients. This phenomenon evidenced the disorders of somatic innervation of the outer ureteral sphincter more pronounced in patients with the DRE syndrome. No significant differences were revealed in the length of the anatomical and functional ureter as well as in the length of the posterior ureter of all the patients involved in the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The function of the closure apparatus of the bladder in retrograde ejaculation in diabetics]. 239 44

The effect of ureteral obstruction on the course of renal candidiasis in a rat model was studied, using both normal and diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats, and a clinical isolate of Candida albicans. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection 1 week prior to inoculation and transabdominal ligation of the left ureter. On day 9 post inoculation, mean titers of Candida were similar in right and left kidneys of obstructed rats. Mean left renal titers for obstructed and control rats were similar (log10 2.68 CFU/g +/- 0.73 (SE) vs. log10 2.21 +/- 0.09, P greater than 0.01). Diabetes produced higher renal titers of Candida, regardless of the presence of ureteral obstruction (log10 5.74 CFU/g +/- 0.57 (SE) vs. log10 2.21 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.01). Animals treated for one week with amphotericin B showed a marked difference in Candida titers between obstructed and control animals (log10 4.14 CFU/g +/- 0.45 (SE) vs. 1.57 +/- 0.38) for both kidneys, and between obstructed and nonobstructed kidneys in the same animals.
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PMID:Renal candidiasis in the rat: effects of ureteral obstruction and diabetes. 262 93

The causative agent in nonobstructive pyelonephritis has been shown most often to be P-fimbriated Escherichia coli, mainly because receptors for these fimbriae are found in the bladder, ureter, and the kidney tubules. Age and sex are factors leading to differences in the presentation of the disease, and early diagnosis followed by intensive therapy lessens the chance of renal damage. Renal abscess, perinephric abscess, and pyonephrosis all follow pyelonephritis in the host who is compromised by the presence of stone, obstruction, diabetes, or immunosuppression.
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PMID:Pyelonephritis, cortical abscess, and perinephric abscess. 353 6

A case of DIDMOAD syndrome (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and nerve deafness) is described. There was unusually severe urinary tract dilatation which led to an ileal conduit diversion. Immunohistological study of the bladder wall and ureter revealed a marked diminution in nerve fibres, which may have been primary or secondary to the muscle hypertrophy. The possible pathogenesis of the urinary tract dilatation is discussed in relation to this finding.
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PMID:DIDMOAD syndrome with megacystis and megaureter. 380 79


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