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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article is a review of the results of systemic chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract including the urinary bladder, renal pelvis and ureter has been moderately responsive to chemotherapy. Many chemotherapeutic agents have been studied singly or in combination. Until about 10 years ago, adriamycin (ADM) was the most studied agent for treatment of invasive bladder cancer. However, the results of single agents and combination with ADM have been disappointing; the overall response rate was approximately 20%. With the introduction of cisplatin (CDDP), the efficacy of chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer has improved significantly. As single agents, CDDP has a response rate of 30 % in 320 cases, methotrexate (MTX), 29% in 236 cases, ADM, 17% in 248 cases, vinblastine (VBL), 16% in 38 cases, and mitomycin C, 13% in 42 cases. Presently the most important agents in the treatment of this disease are CDDP and MTX, and the next most useful agents are ADM and VBL. Recent data from limited trials in patients with advanced bladder cancer suggest that combination chemotherapy regimens with these agents induces a high percentage of complete remissions (CR), an overall response rate between 50% and 70%, and a median response duration of longer than 6 months. Most active combination regimens are M-VAC (CDDP + MTX + ADM + VBL), CMV (CDDP + MTX + VBL), CM (CDDP + MTX) and CISCA (CDDP + ADM + cyclophosphamide). These combination regimens with M-VAC, CMV, CM and CISCA show a response rate of 57%, 57%, 46% and 46%, respectively. However, these drugs have a substantial toxicity and their combination has still been regarded as too hazardous. The attainment of CR in 20% to 40% of cases given these combination regimens has led to adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of invasive bladder cancer]. 195 56

We report a case of primary undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the ureter. A 62-year-old man showed gross hematuria. Retrograde pyelography and CT scan revealed a tumor in the left ureter. The light microscopic examination revealed small cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a small cell carcinoma originating in the ureter in Japan.
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PMID:[A case of small cell carcinoma of the ureter]. 196 58

A case of simultaneous contralateral renal cell carcinoma and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma is presented. This patient underwent right radical nephrectomy, partial resection of left ureter and bladder, and end-to-end transureteroureterostomy. He is alive with no finding of recurrence after 1 year. Methods of treatment for bilateral urinary tract tumors are reviewed.
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PMID:A case of simultaneous contralateral renal cell carcinoma and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma. 202 77

Prognostic factors in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract were assessed with histopathological examination and flow cytometric analysis in a series of 127 patients operated upon between 1976 and 1988. In particular, we evaluated the usefulness of flow cytometry to identify patients who require adjuvant treatment among those with low grade and low stage disease (51% in this series). A multivariate analysis was done on 92 cases, considering patient age and sex, stage, grade and number of lesions (unifocal versus multifocal), site (renal pelvis versus ureter), presence of vesical tumors, recurrences along the urinary tract or in the bladder, type of operation and nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy (diploid versus tetraploid/aneuploid tumors). Only the stage (p = 0.001), grade (p = 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, the DNA pattern (p = 0.031), as well as the number of lesions (p = 0.061) were determinant for prognosis. In regard to the subgroup of 41 patients with grade 2 or less, stage P1 or less tumors, no significant difference in survival was demonstrated between diploid and nondiploid tumor patients. However, 7 of 10 patients from the latter group are still under observation. Therefore, our conclusions may have to be modified in the future.
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PMID:Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: evaluation of prognostic factors by histopathology and flow cytometric analysis. 203 84

We compared the descriptive epidemiology of several urinary tract cancers, utilizing incidence data from the United States and international sources. The patterns of cancers of the renal pelvis, ureter, and urethra were more similar to those of bladder cancer than to cancer of the renal parenchyma in several ways: (i) transitional cell carcinoma is the predominant histologic type in the renal pelvis, ureter, urethra, and bladder, whereas the vast majority of renal parenchyma neoplasms are adenocarcinomas; (ii) in situ tumors often appear in all these sites except the renal parenchyma; (iii) rate ratios for renal pelvis/ureter cancers among blacks and Hispanics, relative to whites, are closer to those for bladder than to those for renal parenchymal cancers; (iv) rates among US men and women for cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter are more highly correlated with those for bladder cancer than with those of the renal parenchyma across racial groups; and (v) similar correlations occur among women across geographic areas within the US and internationally. However, the patterns for cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter do not always resemble more closely those for bladder than renal parenchyma cancers and occasionally appear different from one another. These findings indicate the importance of distinguishing tumors based on specific primary site and cell type.
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PMID:Comparison of the descriptive epidemiology of urinary tract cancers. 210 83

Transitional cell carcinoma accounts for about 90% of all cancers of the renal pelvis and more than 90% of all cancers of the ureter. Its clinical presentation is nonspecific. Radiology plays a critical role in detection, evaluation, and disease monitoring. We reviewed the pathologic and clinical features of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, with attention to its radiology appearance, staging, and treatment.
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PMID:Transitional cell carcinoma of the pelvicalices and ureter. 211 98

The authors review primary and secondary neoplastic lesions of the ureter. Primary ureteral tumors are rare, although when they occur, they usually consist of transitional cell carcinoma. The most frequent symptoms are hematuria, frequency, dysuria, and pain. Secondary ureteral neoplasms are caused by direct extension from an adjacent extraureteral primary tumor or from a site of bulky metastasis and, rarely, by metastasis from a distant primary tumor. The most useful diagnostic modalities are retrograde pyelography for direct visualization of ureteral involvement--particularly in the presence of high-grade obstruction--and computed tomography for evaluation of extraureteral extent of tumors and the presence of lymphadenopathy and distant metastases.
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PMID:Ureteral neoplasms. 218 98

A total of 50 cases of primary tumors in the renal pelvis and ureter were treated in Tokyo University Branch Hospital (20 cases in 1966-1982) and in Tranomon Hospital (30 cases in 1977-1987). They were composed of 42 men and 8 women (5.3:1) with a mean age of 61 years. 31 patients suffered from renal pelvic tumors, 15 ureteral tumors and 4 tumors in both sites. The tumors were located in the left side in 33 cases, right in 16, and both sides in 1.86% of patients showed gross hematuria. The findings on IVP were filling defect (42%) and nonvisualization (33%). Positive urine cytology was obtained in 12 of 25 cases (48%). Surgery was performed in 47 cases. The remaining 3 cases were with advanced diseases. The surgeries were total nephroureterectomy plus ipsilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in 26 cases, total nephroureterectomy without node dissection in 7, total nephroureterectomy and total cystectomy in 3, nephrectomy in 9, partial nephrectomy in 1 and segmental excision of ureter with ureteroureterostomy in one. Histologically, all tumors were transitional cell carcinoma. Over-all survival rates (Kaplan-Meier's method) of the operated patients at 1, 3, 5 years were 84.2%, 73.1% and 69.4%, respectively. The stage and grade of the tumors affected the prognosis. N factor at lymph node dissection was the most determining factor of prognosis. 3 advanced cases who did not receive surgery for primary site were treated with 5FU in 2, and with CAP in 1.2 of them died of the disease within 1 year after diagnosis, one patient was lost in follow up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Treatment in 50 cases of transitional cell carcinoma in renal pelvis and ureter]. 221 65

From March 1982 through July 1988, 76 men underwent nerve-sparing radical cystoprostatectomy for carcinoma of the bladder at our hospital. Of the 76 patients 2 (2.6%) had positive surgical margins (dome of the bladder and left ureter) and neither had positive margins at the site of nerve-sparing modifications. Of 3 patients (3.9%) who had local recurrence none had positive surgical margins. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rate is 7.5%. Thirteen of 76 patients (17%) died of transitional cell carcinoma and 7 (9%) died of other causes, while 53 (70%) are alive without evidence of disease with a mean followup of 38.4 months. The 5-year actuarial survival rates are 64% over-all, 68% without disease and 78% disease-specific. Of the 42 evaluable men who underwent cystoprostatectomy alone 27 (64%) are potent, compared to 2 of the 12 men (17%) who also underwent urethrectomy. We conclude that the nerve-sparing modifications do not compromise cancer control, that local recurrence and survival rates are at least comparable to those achieved with standard radical cystoprostatectomy, and that it is possible to preserve potency in most men undergoing this procedure.
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PMID:Local recurrence and survival following nerve-sparing radical cystoprostatectomy. 223 85

An unusual case of 2 concurrent primary renal tumors within the same kidney is reported. A 70-year-old woman presented with gross hematuria when she was in the hospital for cerebral infarction. Excretory urography revealed a marked expansion of the right kidney with no renal function. CT scan showed a mass arising from the right kidney, the hydronephrotic right renal pelvis, and a mass in the lower right ureter. Selective renal angiogram showed marked neovascularity of the mass. There was an encasement of the intrarenal artery to the lower pole. Angiographic findings were highly suggestive of a renal cell carcinoma with a second neoplasm in the renal pelvis. Subsequently, the patient underwent right radical nephroureterectomy and partial cystectomy. Section of the removed specimen revealed a 4.0 X 3.8 cm solid tumor confined to the kidney in the upper pole and a transitional cell carcinoma arising from the renal pelvis. In addition, transitional cell carcinoma was present in the distal ureter.
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PMID:[Simultaneous occurrence of renal cell and transitional cell carcinoma in the same kidney and ureter. A case report]. 223 18


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