Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 55 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis or ureter, the ploidy, the DNA heterogeneity and the counts of cell cycle phases in the tumor were examined by means of single-cell DNA cytophotometry in order to find more prognostic factors than those already known (stage and grade). Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 6 years. At the time of first diagnosis, 42 (76%) of the patients had tumors of the renal pelvis, 13 (24%) of them had ureteral tumors. 23 (42%) patients were in stage pT 1 N 0, 15 (27%) in stage pT 2 N 0, 12 (22%) in stage pT 3 N 0, and 5 (9%) were in stage pT 3 N+. The histological malignancy grade most frequently seen in the patients examined--i.e. in 51% of cases--was malignancy grade II. 25% of the patients had grade III tumors whereas only 24% had grade I tumors. With malignancy grade I, DNA cytophotometry showed DNA frequency peaks to be in the diploid range while tumors with malignancy grade II showed heterogenous DNA patterns. 71% of the patients with malignancy grade III showed aneuploid DNA values; 29% of them had polyploid DNA values. For malignancy grades II and III, the proliferation rate of the tumor cells was statistically significantly higher than for malignancy grade I. The determination of tumor heterogeneity and tumor cell proliferation by means of DNA cytophotometry gives valuable clues regarding prognosis.
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PMID:Prognostic relevance of DNA ploidy and proliferative activity in urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. A study on a follow-up period of 6 years. 187 15

Ureteral pseudodiverticula are tiny outpouchings usually seen as incidental findings on retrograde urography during routine work-up for common urinary tract disorders. We report 37 patients with ureteral pseudodiverticula, of whom 17 (46%) had associated uroepithelial malignancy. Ureteral pseudodiverticula were diagnosed in all patients on excretory or retrograde urography as an incidental finding during evaluation for a variety of urologic symptoms and signs. All patients were assessed with urinalysis, urine culture, cystoscopy, and when indicated, ureteroscopy. Diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma was made by surgery or endoscopic biopsy in 16 patients and squamous cell carcinoma in one. In nine patients with radiographs showing ureteral pseudodiverticula and a urinary tract filling defect (usually in the bladder), 78% of the cases were proved malignant. In six patients with ureteral pseudodiverticula and a stricture in the ureter or renal collecting system, 67% of the cases were proved malignant. Of the patients with tumor, 53% had a single ureteral pseudodiverticulum. In two cases, the pseudodiverticula antedated the diagnosis of malignancy by 2 and 4 years, respectively. Our experience suggests that the association between ureteral pseudodiverticula and uroepithelial malignancy may be more common than previously assumed, approaching 50%. Even a single ureteral pseudodiverticulum should be regarded as a serious marker for potential malignancy, antedating cancer by 2-10 years, and such patients should be closely followed up. The coexistence of ureteral pseudodiverticula and a stricture or filling defect in the urinary tract is highly suggestive that a tumor is present.
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PMID:Ureteral pseudodiverticula: frequent association with uroepithelial malignancy. 190 78

Surgery for incontinence, other than genuine stress incontinence, is a small part of the general gynecologist's practice. He or she must maintain a high index of suspicion for diverticula and fistulae. Included here are several good review articles that outline the state of the art and include classic references in the bibliography. Patients with cancer with a genitourinary fistula and incontinence may be managed in a variety of ways. Percutaneous nephrostomy and occlusion of the distal ureter may be an option in patients with incurable disease. Continent diversion, such as the Indiana pouch, offers a long-term remedy to the appropriate patient, even one who has been irradiated, as reported by Mannel. Iatrogenic incontinence is distressing to the patient and her doctor. Webster and Kreder offer keen insight into the evaluation of patients who have postoperative, obstructive, voiding dysfunction. They describe an operative correction, the obturation shelf repair, quite similar to the paravaginal defect repair, which restores "normal anatomy" and results in excellent relief of voiding dysfunction in approximately 90% of their patients. Postoperative bladder care is of concern to the doctor, patient, and nursing staff. Noble's article on the timing of catheter removal is innovative and practical.
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PMID:Urologic surgical techniques. 190 17

The retinoblastoma (RB) gene was the first tumor suppressor gene isolated and its inactivation is associated with the pathogenesis of several types of human cancer. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the RB gene in bladder and renal cell carcinomas by determining the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the RB locus and by DNA, RNA, and protein analysis of the RB gene. Whenever possible, the latter included Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining of the RB protein. In bladder carcinoma, 2 of the 8 cell lines we studied had an inactivated RB gene; one cell line lacked RB expression without a gross RB deletion, whereas the other cell line expressed only the underphosphorylated form of the RB protein. None of 16 low-grade noninvasive bladder carcinomas showed an alteration in RB protein by direct Western blot analysis, whereas 2 of 14 high-grade, invasive tumors had no RB protein as measured by both Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. This suggests that the loss of RB function may be more important in the progression of bladder cancer than in its initiation, although more extensive studies are required. LOH within the RB locus was observed in 5 of 27 informative cases of primary bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis carcinoma. However, none of the 5 cases with LOH at the RB locus had a functional loss of RB protein expression. In renal cell carcinoma, one of the 12 cell lines had a gross homozygous deletion of the RB gene, and 2 of 32 primary tumors were negative for RB protein expression. LOH at the RB locus also was found in only 2 of 30 informative cases, one of which lacked RB expression. These results are the first to demonstrate the involvement of RB inactivation in the development of advanced primary bladder carcinoma and suggest that RB loss could have a role in certain renal cell carcinomas. Our data, however, show no correlation between LOH at the RB locus in bladder cancer and actual inactivation of the RB gene at the protein level. This may suggest that there is a second tumor suppressor or recessive cancer gene on chromosome 13 in bladder cancer and/or that the mechanism of RB inactivation in bladder cancer frequently involves independent mutations of each RB allele.
Cancer Res 1991 Oct 15
PMID:Inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene in human bladder and renal cell carcinomas. 191 92

Forty patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder were reviewed. They included 15 patients with primary carcinoma in situ, 8 with secondary carcinoma in situ and 17 with concurrent carcinoma in situ. Twenty-one (66%) of 32 patients with primary or concurrent carcinoma in situ complained of urinary frequency and pain on urination, whereas no patients with secondary carcinoma in situ complained of such symptoms. Nearly all patients with concurrent or secondary carcinoma in situ had gross hematuria, whereas only 7 (47%) of 15 patients with primary carcinoma in situ had gross hematuria. Two patients without any symptoms were diagnosed by incidental positive urinary cytology. Concurrent carcinoma in situ was always associated with multiple papillary tumor. Dominant grade of the papillary tumor was classified as grade 3 in 11 patients and as grade 2 in 6. The simultaneous presence of carcinoma in situ of the urethra was found in 13 (46%) patients and those of the ureter in 17 (74%). Fourteen patients (35%) with carcinoma in situ developed an invasive carcinoma. Of these, 4 (10%) died of cancer. Bacillus calmette-guerin instillation was effective in 13 of 15 patients (87%). These results indicate that carcinoma in situ of the bladder may develop an invasive cancer, may remain in the epithelia, or may be associated with multiple superficial tumor. It should be emphasized that patients with multiple superficial bladder tumor may be associated with carcinoma in situ even if the superficial tumors are of low grade and urine cytology is negative.
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PMID:[The progress pattern of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder]. 192 Oct 16

During the 5 years from January, 1985 to December, 1989, 88 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and/or ureter were operated curatively in the Department of Urology, Nara Medical University and the affiliated hospitals. There were 66 males and 22 females (3:1) and the mean age was 66.0 years old ranging from 34 to 82. Staging of the renal pelvic and ureteral cancer of each patient was determined by General Rule for Clinical and Pathological Studies on Renal Pelvic and Ureteral Cancer established jointly by Japanese Urological Association and The Japanese Society of Pathology in 1990. The over-all survival rates at 1 and 3 years were 91.2% and 74.0%, respectively. The 3 year survival rates of TS and TE were 80.5% and 41.7%. As for grading, the 3-year survival rates were 75.0% for G1, 70.1% for G2, and 75.2% for G3, respectively. The stage of the tumors affected the prognosis. Of 88 patients 26 (Group 1) received cisplatin based combination chemotherapy as a postoperative adjuvant therapy, and the remaining 62 (Group 2) received no such cytotoxic adjuvant chemotherapy. The 3-year survival rates were 63.3% in Group 1 and 78.9% in Group 2, however mean age of Group 1 was significantly younger than that of Group 2. In spite of the age matched trial, there were no significant differences in survival rates between both groups. Adverse effects of cisplatin based combination chemotherapy included gastrointestinal symptom, fatigue, alopecia and leukopenia, however no serious toxicity was seen. These results suggest that prospective randomized trial would be clarified the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with renal pelvic and/or ureteral cancer.
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PMID:[Investigation of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urothelium. Nara Urooncology Research Group (NUORG)]. 192 Oct 19

Combination chemotherapy with methotrexate, etoposide, adriamycin and cisplatin (M-EAP regimen) was administered to 4 patients with advanced epithelial cancer of the urinary tract (Methotrexate 30 mg/M2 day 1, 15 and 22; Etoposide 100 mg/M2 day 1, 2, 15 and 22; Adriamycin 30 mg/M2 day 2; Cisplatin 70 mg/M2 day 2, every 4 weeks). In an attempt to improve the anti-cancer effect of the M-VAC regimen, etoposide was substituted for vinblastine. This series comprised 3 males and 1 female ranging in age from 54 to 68 years (mean age: 63), with a performance status of 1 to 2. The site of the primary lesion was bladder in 3, and left ureter in 1. The clinical response was assessed in 3 of the 4 patients: one achieved complete response and two had partial response. Two of the four died of disease 5 months after chemotherapy. Two of them have been alive for 10 and 8 months with no evidence of disease after chemotherapy. Toxicity included moderate or severe myelosuppression in two patients, and mild to moderate anorexia, vomiting, alopecia, and hiccups in all patients. These preliminary results suggest that the M-EAP regimen is effective against advanced epithelial carcinoma of the urinary tract. However, myelosuppression was a dose-limiting factor.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of methotrexate, etoposide, adriamycin and cisplatin (M-EAP) for advanced urothelial cancer]. 192 67

We reviewed 108 patients with upper urinary tract tumors who underwent surgical treatment during a 10-year period (87 men and 21 women with a mean age of 63.5 years). Of the tumors 97% were unilateral and only 3 patients had bilateral tumors. Two-thirds of the patients had a single tumor focus and a third had 2 or more tumor foci. Additionally, there were 31 patients (28.7%) with previous and/or simultaneous bladder tumors. Nephroureterectomy was performed in 92 cases, nephrectomy in 6 and a conservative operation in 13. In 65 cases lymphadenectomy was added. The survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 67 and 65%, respectively. Of the patients 90% with cancer-related deaths had high grade tumors. Of the 15 patients with positive lymph nodes 87% died of metastasis compared to 8% of the 50 patients with negative lymph nodes. Nine patients (8.7%) had relapse in the upper urinary tract, 6 (5.8%) in the ipsilateral ureter and 3 (2.9%) in the contralateral ureter. Of these 3 patients 2 had recurrent multifocal bladder tumors. For patients who present with an upper urinary tract tumor the risk of a bladder cancer was approximately 9% and that of a contralateral urothelial tumor was 1%.
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PMID:Tumors of the upper urinary tract: 10 years of experience. 194 71

A review based on data from the Cancer Register reveals that the age-standardized incidence rate of tumours of the renal pelvis and ureter in Denmark has increased more than ten-fold where both men and women are concerned during the 40 year period from 1943 to 1982. A random control sample suggest underreporting of pelvic tumours of 8% and it is known from previous investigations that 95-98% of all known cases of tumour are registered in the Cancer Register. These circumstances suggest a greater increase in the incidence than that registered in the present article. Where tumours of the renal pelvis in men are concerned, however, the development was reversed in the middle of the nineteen seventies with a decrease in the incidence continuing to the conclusion of the period of this review in 1986. The decrease in tumours of the renal pelvis in men is observed particularly in the capital and in rural districts. A possible cause of this decrease is reduction of tobacco consumption in men. The incidence of tumours of the ureter in men is still increasing but the account is based on few observations. Possible reasons for the uninterrupted increase in incidence of tumours of the renal pelvis and ureter in women continuing until the conclusion of the period of registration is the increasing tobacco consumption which has been observed in women and consumption of phenacetin before this preparation was deleted from the drug register in Denmark.
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PMID:[Tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter in Denmark in the period 1943-1986. Cancer statistics no. 28]. 200 27

We examined the expression of transferrin receptor (TR) in transitional cell cancer (TCC) immunohistologically, to clarify its implication in tumor malignancy. Forty eight out of 51 tumors expressed TR while TR was not detected on the normal transitional epithelium of renal pelvis, ureter and urinary bladder. In general, a higher grade and more invasive TCC expressed TR more frequently and more intensely. Furthermore, recurrent tumors treated with transurethral resection significantly more frequently expressed TR than the initial tumor. These results indicate that the detection of TR on the tumor cells is useful for estimating the degree of their malignancy.
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PMID:[Expression of transferrin receptor on transitional cell cancer]. 201 63


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