Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the urological field, one of the most effective drugs is doxorubicin. A cooperative phase II study on pirarubicin (THP), a new anthracycline with less cardiotoxicity than doxorubicin, was performed in 14 institutions for treating urological tumors. THP was administered intravenously 3 or more times (as one course, 30-40 mg/m2 once a week, every 3 weeks or 20 mg/m2 2 consecutive days a week every 3 weeks). Fifty-four of the 63 patients included in this study were evaluable. An overall efficacy rate was 18.5% (10/54), consisting of transitional cell carcinoma 24.3% (9/37; bladder cancer 6/27 (22.2%), tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter 3/10 (30.0%), and prostatic cancer 1/15 (6.7%). Adverse effects were mostly slight especially alopecia (15.9%, WHO grade 1:7 patients and grade 2:3 patients), and there was no problem attributable to cardiotoxicity of THP. Leukocytopenia was seen for 65.1% (grade 1:14 patients, grade 2:13 patients, grade 3:13 patients, and grade 4:1 patients). The nadir was observed about 2 weeks later and it took about 2 weeks for the recovery. Thus, it can be concluded that the usefulness of THP in treating urological tumors is comparable to or better than that reported for doxorubicin. Based on the above results, a combination regimen including THP has been investigated in Japan.
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PMID:Cooperative study of pirarubicin against urological cancers and future direction of its combination use. The Clinical Study Group of THP for Urological Malignant Tumors. 229 54

A case of bladder cancer with bilateral ureteral carcinoma in situ (CIS) is presented. A 55-year-old male had gross hematuria and urinary retention. Cystoscopy revealed diffuse broad-based papillary tumors, which proved to be transitional cell carcinoma (G2) with CIS and submucosal invasion microscopically. Excretory urography showed normal upper urinary tracts except stasis of bilateral lower ureters. Neither lymph node swelling nor distant metastasis was found by computed tomography. Therefore the patient underwent total cystourethrectomy, pelvic lymph-adenectomy, and construction of an ileal conduit. Histological examination of the specimens demonstrated CIS on bilateral ureteral stumps on the renal side, which, however, was not continuous to that of the bladder. Much attention should be paid to upper urinary tracts for ureteral lesions before cystectomy in such bladder tumors and the proximal stump of the ureter should be examined using frozen section at the operation, but these were not sufficient in the present case in which skip lesions of the ureters were seen apart from the bladder.
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PMID:[A case of bladder cancer with bilateral ureteral carcinoma in situ]. 235 6

We reviewed data from 62 patients with epithelial tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter who were hospitalized and treated at Nagoya University Hospital between July, 1970 and June, 1988. Of the 62 patients, 50 were males and 12 were females, the ratio being 4.2:1. The mean age was 62.1 years, the ages ranging from 41 to 87 years. The peak incidence of tumors was marked in the sixth decade for the males and in the seventh decade for the females. Eighty-two percent of the patients were 50 years of age or older. Smoking habits were noted in 76.0 percent of the males and in 16.7 percent of the females. Asymptomatic macrohematuria, found in 43 patients, was the most frequent symptom. Ninety percent of the 62 tumors were transitional cell carcinoma. Twenty-five patients (40.3%) had concomitant bladder cancer, which was previously diagnosed in 3, simultaneously found in 9, and subsequently developed in 16. Twenty-nine patients had tumors localized in the renal pelvis and eighteen in the ureter; the remaining fifteen had tumors localized in two or three organs, including the renal pelvis, ureter and bladder. Histological grades of ureteral tumors were significantly higher than those of renal pelvic tumors. The sensitivity of urinary cytology was 57.8 percent. High-grade tumors had higher sensitivity than low-grade tumors. Larger tumors (greater than 3 cm in diameter) were significantly associated with high-stage tumors, whereas no apparent correlation was found between tumor size and histological grade. Nonpapillary growth of tumor and vascular invasion were significantly related with high-stage and high-grade tumors; diffuse pattern of tumor infiltration was associated with high-stage tumors.
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PMID:[Statistical study of tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter]. 235 23

A new enzymatic method for isolation and determination of urinary polyamines was presented and basically studied in previous report 1 and 2 in comparison with existing techniques. Using the new method, urinary polyamines were isolated and determined in 56 patients with genitourinary cancer. Urinary polyamines were also determined in 63 controls consisting of 20 normal subjects, 25 patients with benign urological disease and 18 patients with BPH. The mean concentrations of Diamine, Spermidine, Spermine in 20 normal subjects were 16.6 +/- 5.8 mumoles/g Cr, 4.7 +/- 2.0 mumoles/g Cr and 0.99 +/- 0.51 mumoles/g Cr respectively. To emphasize the specificity to cancer, the level of positiveness was modified to a higher value than M+3SD. The positive values thus calculated were 40 mumoles/g Cr for Diamine, 15 mumoles/g Cr for Spermidine and 3 mumoles/g Cr for Spermine. The positive ratios of Diamine in patients with early cancer were 43% in renal cell cancer, 20% in pelvic and ureter cancer, 0% in bladder cancer and 20% in prostatic cancer. Those of Spermidine were 29% in renal cell cancer, 0% in pelvic and ureter cancer, 20% in bladder cancer and 40% in prostatic cancer. Those of Spermine were 29% in renal cell cancer, 20% in pelvic and ureter cancer, 20% in bladder cancer and 0% in prostatic cancer. In early diagnoses, Diamine indicated high positive ratios to renal cell cancer and Spermidine to prostatic cancer. Relatively high positive ratios were demonstrated, when any one of the isolated polyamines was found positive: namely, 57% in renal cell cancer, 20% in pelvic and ureter cancer, 30% in bladder cancer and 40% in prostatic cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Detection of urinary polyamine by a new enzymatic differential assay. (III). Studies on urinary polyamines in patients with malignant genitourinary diseases]. 242 8

The effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was studied in 22 cases of advanced urinary epithelial cancer. Vincristine, mitomycin C and bleomycin (VMB) was administered in combination to 9 prophase cases from December, 1980 to March, 1982 and cis-dichlorodiamine platinum, peplomycin and mitomycin C (PPM) in combination to 13 anaphase cases from April, 1982 to November, 1984. The site was renal pelvic cancer in 3 cases, cancer of the ureter in 3 cases, cancer of the bladder in 13 cases, cancer of the pelvis, ureter, and bladder in 1 case, and recurrence of pelvic cancer following bladder cancer in 2 cases. The degree of invasion was pTa in 2 cases, pT1 in 1 case, pT2 in 1 case, pT3 in 11 cases and pT4 in 5 cases. Lymph node metastasis had occurred in 9 cases, no metastasis in 8 cases and it was unclear in the remaining 6 cases. The mean observation period was 16.5 months; 10 patients were alive without any tumors, one patient was alive with a tumor, 11 patients died of cancer, and one patient died intercurrently. The mean postoperative survival period in the mortality cases was 14.5 months. According to the classified type of chemotherapy received, there were 3 out of 9 cases (33.3%) who survived without tumors after receiving VMP and 7 out of 13 cases (53.8%) in the PPM group who survived without tumors. Although a simple comparison cannot be made, it appears that PPM therapy is superior. No severe side-effects were observed.
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PMID:[A study of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of advanced urinary epithelial cancer]. 245 16

Study on detection of malignant cells in urinary sediments using supravital staining was described. We examined 96,554 specimens of urinary sediments for 2 years from January 1985 to December 1986. The results of microscopic urinalysis were compared with the cytological and histological diagnoses. Atypical cells were found in 138 patients, and 47 (34.1%) cancers were diagnosed histologically among them. These included 33 bladder cancer, 1 ureter cancer, 1 renal pelvic cancer, 2 prostate cancers, 1 rectal cancer, and 9 uterine cancers. Seven patients of them had not been under suspicion of malignancy yet before atypical cells were detected. Therefore microscopic urinalysis caused the triggers of cancer diagnoses. For bladder cancers, the positive rates in microscopic urinalysis were 43.4%, and those in urinary cytology were 52.4%. The positivity revealed higher in high-grade cancers than in low-grade. As compared with the results between microscopic urinalysis and urinary cytology in identical patients, the rate of correspondence between them was 89.5%. In 61.2% of positive and suspicious urinary cytology, atypical cells were not found. Atypical cells were seen in negative urinary cytology of 26 cases, and 5 cases of cancers were diagnosed histologically. These suggested that microscopic urinalysis as a screening for malignant cells was useful to detect urinary tract malignancy combining with urinary cytology.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study on microscopic urinalysis as screening for malignant cells]. 260 Oct 75

Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) levels are known to increase in some kinds of cancer. We determined the PSTI levels in patients with urothelial cancer to evaluate its usefulness as a tumor marker. The subjects were 101 patients who had bladder cancer (n = 81) or renal pelvis and ureter cancer (n = 20). Twenty-six healthy volunteers were used as controls. PSTI was measured by an RI kit using the double antibody method, and levels above 20 ng/ml were taken as positive. Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) levels were also measured in 32 cases. None of the controls, 65% of the patients with renal pelvis and ureter cancer, and 30.9% of bladder cancer had positive levels of PSTI. The positive rate for each stage was 22.3% for Tis, Taand T1, 38.5% for T2, 73.3% for T3 and 100% for T4. The rate tended to increase with the progress of tumor infiltration. All subjects with positive readings above 30 ng/ml had progressive cancer. The usefulness of PSTI as a tumor marker was similar to that of TPA. PSTI is not a specific marker of urothelial cancer, but it showed an association with the progression of cancer. Therefore, it is considered to be a useful marker to determine postoperative metastasis, recurrence, and disease progression.
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PMID:[Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in urothelial cancer]. 261 Jan 72

According to the records of Wakayama Labor Standard Office, at least 1,085 workers had been exposed to benzidine or beta-naphthylamine in the dyestuff factories in Wakayama City. By October 1988, 101 of them (9.3%) were confirmed to have urinary tract tumors. Including 2 other cases exposed in Osaka, a total of 103 cases of occupational uroepithelial cancer were studied here clinically. Site of tumors was bladder in 91 cases, renal pelvis in 2, ureter in 5 and papillomatosis type in 5. The age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 25 to 87 years with a mean of 53.8 years. The average latent period was 22.7 years, but the older the age of the worker at the start of exposure, the shorter was the latent period. In Wakayama, the proper system of healthy examination for chemical workers using urinary cytology was begun in 1970. Since then, more tumor cases have been discovered in comparison to the patients admitted with subjective symptoms of hematuria. The effectiveness of this group examination was significant in the incidence of total cystectomy in surgical treatment and in survival rate. In the comparative study between the groups of patients with occupational and spontaneous bladder cancer, the average age at diagnosis in the former was about ten years younger. Although the histological grade of tumor was not different between the two groups, the incidence of total cystectomy was lower and the survival rate was significantly higher in the occupational group.
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PMID:[Occupational uroepithelial cancer: current status in Wakayama city and clinical study]. 261

In the last ten years 19 patients with urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract underwent excision of the tumor with preservation of the ipsilateral kidney. Renal function was preserved well in all cases in 31 months of the mean follow up term. In the presence of a normal contralateral kidney, local tumor excision was done electively in 12 patients (5 lower portion of ureter, 5 low grade lesions, 2 high age), local recurrence developed 6-63 months after operation in 2 patients, and they underwent nephroureterectomy. 11 cases are alive with no evidence of disease and one is alive with contralateral renal pelvic cancer. Absolute indications for conservative surgery were solitary kidneys/non functioning contralateral kidney in 3 patients and bilateral tumor in 4 patients. Most tumors were high grade or high stage (6: grade 2,4: PT2). No one had local recurrence, but one had a metastasis to a lung, 4 were suffering from bladder cancer post-operatively. Three patients died from cancer 20-30 months after operation. Local excision of urothelial cancer should be considered not only for cases of contralateral damaged kidneys but also for low grade, low stage localized tumors. Precise preoperative evaluation of tumors using a ureteroenoscope should be made for the indication of the renal preservative operation.
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PMID:[Conservative surgery of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas]. 262 28

The evolution of urology tended to an important diversification. The endoscopy got an access to the ureter and the kidney with rigid or flexible scopes. The treatment of the stone disease has been modified by the extracorporeal shock wave devices. The open surgery has almost disappeared and the percutaneous techniques were relegated to secondary or complementary procedures. Concerning the urologic surgery the bladder replacement with intestines has been reactualized. The problems of resorption and high pressures have been solved by a detubulation and reconfiguration of the intestinal segments. The initial enthusiasm for penile and sphincteric prosthesis has diminished, but these procedures continue to have limited indications with good results. The urologist is used to control personally his tumor patients which enables him to criticize his results and to design new adjuvant protocols in collaboration with the oncologists, e.g. for the treatment of infiltrating bladder cancer. The evident danger of diversification is a dispersion, and a solution of this problem has to be found for the future of our specialty.
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PMID:[Perspectives and new contributions in urology: the machines]. 266 46


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