Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For classification of testicular tumors in the TNM-System several modern imaging methods are available: sonography, conventional radiography, lymphography, computer-tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and scintigraphy. Sonography--usually the first method to be used for reasonable classification--is significantly inferior to lymphography and CT for N and M staging. It remains to be seen if the NMR-methods will reach the good informative standard of CT. Only in the case of extensive lymphatic metastasis (bulky disease) are i.v. pyelogram and cavography still used to verify displacement of the ureter or infiltration of the tumor into the cava. In the nuclear medical field bone scintigraphy plays the main role for testicular tumor metastases.
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PMID:[Clinical staging of malignant tumors by the TNM system. Contribution of modern imaging procedures in patients with testicular tumors]. 331 86

Total non-acid and acid glycolipid fractions were isolated from epithelial cell scrapings and the non-epithelial residue of a human upper ureter. The glycolipid fractions were structurally characterized as total mixtures by thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, and proton NMR spectroscopy. Selected structural information was also obtained on binding of monoclonal antibodies and bacteria to the thin-layer chromatograms. The major epithelial cell glycolipids were Glc beta 1-1ceramide (75%), dihexosylceramide (10%) and NeuAcLacceramide (10%). In addition, 8 minor glycolipids belonging to the blood group P, Lewis and ABO systems were identified. The major glycolipids of the non-epithelial residues were mono- and dihexosylceramides together with globotriaosyl- and globotetraosylceramides. The epithelial mono- and diglycosylceramide compounds had an unusual ceramide composition with mainly C18 and C20 trihydroxy long chain bases in combination with C22-C24 hydroxy fatty acids in contrast to the non-epithelial glycolipids which contained mainly C18 dihydroxy long chain bases in combination with C16-C24 non-hydroxy fatty acids.
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PMID:The specific glycosphingolipid composition of human ureteral epithelial cells. 408 74

Total neutral glycolipid fractions were isolated from kidney and ureter tissue obtained at autopsy of an individual of the rare blood group A1 Le(a-b+) p. The amount of glycolipids isolated were 3.7 and 2.5 mg g-1 dry tissue weight for the kidney and ureter tissue, which is in the range of reference blood group P kidneys. Part of the kidney glycolipid fraction was subfractionated by HPLC. Glycolipid compounds were structurally characterized by thin-layer chromatography (chemical detection and immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies), proton NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Globotriaosyl- and globotetraosyl-ceramides, which are the major compounds in kidneys of P individuals, were absent in the p kidney, and a comparatively increased amount of monoglycosyl- and lactosylceramides was found. A shift to longer fatty acyl chains in the ceramide part of lactosylceramides was noted. Elongated globoseries compounds with five to seven sugar residues, including the blood group A type 4 chain structure, were lacking. A slight increase in neolactotetraosyl- and blood group X pentaglycosyl-ceramides was noticed. The study confirms an enzymatic block in the conversion of lactosylceramide to elongated globoseries compounds in the kidney tissue similar to that of erythrocytes of p individuals.
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PMID:Blood group glycosphingolipid expression in kidney of an individual with the rare blood group A1 Le(a-b+) p phenotype: absence of blood group structures based on the globoseries. 873 55

Nephrogenic adenoma is a benign epithelial tumour localised at the level of the urothelium and caused by metaplasia of the urothelium following prolonged aggressive stimulation over time, for example trauma or chronic urinary infection. Even a diverticulum, in whatever site it is localised, is subject to an increased risk of neoplastic transformation of the urothelium. It above all affects male subjects, with a male/female ratio of 3:1 over the age of 20, which is inverted in younger subjects. The most frequently affected site is the vescical trigonum in 72% of cases, followed by the pelvic tract of the ureter (19%) and urethra. The majority of patients is asymptomatic or reports aspecific symptoms: the most frequent picture is macroscopic hematuria, owing to the rich vascularisation of the tumour. This is followed by irritative type signs such as pollakiuria, strangury, posturination dripping and sometimes painful tenesmus. Differential diagnosis is necessary for pale cell adenocarcinoma, parauretral cysts and Gartner duct's cysts which may be associated with urethral diverticulum, localised on the bottom, and rarely symptomatic. Diagnosis is based on retrograde urethrography, cystography and endoscopic tests, with biopsy if necessary. NMR provides further details regarding the site, localisation and benign or malignant nature of the lesion. Treatment is surgical: endoscopic (transurethral) if the dimension are limited, or traditional using a suprapubic or transvaginal route if it is associated with diverticulum. Prognosis is discrete and depends on the timeliness with which the factors predisposing metaplasia are eliminated.
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PMID:[Nephrogenic adenoma arising from an urethral diverticulum in a female. Report of a case and review of the literature]. 1022 60

A primary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue tumor (MALT) of the kidney in a 50-year-old man who suffered from on therapy resistant high blood pressure over 15 years period is presented. A mass in the right kidney (6x5x3 cm) during routine check up was discovered on ultrasonography and confirmed on CT scan and NMR. The patient was submitted to nephrectomy. A mass involving kidney, pyelon and upper part of the ureter was found. Histology showed low grade non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma of MALT type. The neoplastic cells were positive for monoclonal antibodies CD20, CD79alpha, surface and cytoplasmic and IgM immunoglobulins and showed light chain restriction (kappa+). After histology was available, a careful staging was performed. The disease was not found anywhere else. It was concluded that the patient belonged to the stage IE of primary kidney MALT lymphoma. Gastroscopy showed signs of chronic superficial gastritis. Urease test was positive and IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori in titer 421 were found as well. Except for Helicobacter pylori no additional therapy was given.
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PMID:Primary MALT lymphoma of the kidney. 1065 Nov 24

Congenital malformations of the urinary tract are a major cause of renal failure in children and young adults. They are often caused by physical obstruction or by functional impairment of the peristaltic machinery of the ureter. The underlying molecular and cellular defects are, however, poorly understood. Here we present the phenotypic characterization of a new mouse model for congenital ureter malformation that revealed the molecular pathway important for the formation of the functional mesenchymal coating of the ureter. The gene encoding the T-box transcription factor Tbx18 was expressed in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells surrounding the distal ureter stalk. In Tbx18-/- mice, prospective ureteral mesenchymal cells largely dislocalized to the surface of the kidneys. The remaining ureteral mesenchymal cells showed reduced proliferation and failed to differentiate into smooth muscles, but instead became fibrous and ligamentous tissue. Absence of ureteral smooth muscles resulted in a short hydroureter and hydronephrosis at birth. Our analysis also showed that the ureteral mesenchyme derives from a distinct cell population that is separated early in kidney development from that of other mesenchymal cells of the renal system.
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PMID:Tbx18 regulates the development of the ureteral mesenchyme. 1651 99

Congenital ureter anomalies, including hydroureter, affect up to 1% of the newborn children. Despite the prevalence of these developmental abnormalities in young children, the underlying molecular causes are only poorly understood. Here, we show that the high mobility group domain transcription factor Sox9 plays an important role in ureter development in the mouse. Transient Sox9 expression was detected in the undifferentiated ureteric mesenchyme and inactivation of Sox9 in this domain resulted in strong proximal hydroureter formation due to functional obstruction. Loss of Sox9 did not affect condensation, proliferation and apoptosis of the undifferentiated mesenchyme, but perturbed cyto-differentiation into smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) components was strongly reduced, suggesting that deficiency in ECM composition and/or signaling may underlie the observed defects. Prolonged expression of Sox9 in the ureteric mesenchyme led to increased deposition of ECM components and SMC dispersal. Furthermore, Sox9 genetically interacts with the T-box transcription factor 18 gene (Tbx18) during ureter development at two levels--as a downstream mediator of Tbx18 function and in a converging pathway. Together, our results argue that obstructive uropathies in campomelic dysplasia patients that are heterozygous for mutations in and around SOX9 arise from a primary requirement of Sox9 in the development of the ureteric mesenchyme.
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PMID:Hydroureternephrosis due to loss of Sox9-regulated smooth muscle cell differentiation of the ureteric mesenchyme. 2088 Oct 14

Urinary endometriosis is a rare diagnosis which is becoming much more common at referral centres. The bladder and the pelvic ureter are the sites that can be affected, each posing to the urologist and gynecologist some specific diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Bladder endometriosis, indeed, usually causes lower urinary tract symptoms, has a typical appearance at imaging and can be an isolated presentation; ureteral location, at the contrary, often presents with a vague or aspecific symptomatology and is often associated to other pelvic locations, so that a careful evaluation of the urinary tract, preferably with NMR, is mandatory for severe pelvic endometriosis, also in the absence of symptoms. The treatment of bladder presentation is partial cystectomy, preferably via a laparoscopic approach, while ureteral endometriosis can require different surgical solutions, from ureterolysis to ureteral reimplantation, open, laparoscopic or robot-assisted, basing on its extent and on the need of additional procedures for other locations.
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PMID:Urinary tract endometriosis. 2303 31

The mammalian urogenital system derives from multipotent progenitor cells of different germinal tissues. The contribution of individual sub-populations to specific components of the mature system, and the spatiotemporal restriction of the respective lineages have remained poorly characterized. Here, we use comparative expression analysis to delineate sub-regions within the developing urogenital system that express the T-box transcription factor gene Tbx18. We show that Tbx18 is transiently expressed in the epithelial lining and the subjacent mesenchyme of the urogenital ridge. At the onset of metanephric development Tbx18 expression occurs in a band of mesenchyme in between the metanephros and the Wolffian duct but is subsequently restricted to the mesenchyme surrounding the distal ureter stalk. Genetic lineage tracing reveals that former Tbx18(+) cells of the urogenital ridge and the metanephric field contribute substantially to the adrenal glands and gonads, to the kidney stroma, the ureteric and the bladder mesenchyme. Loss of Tbx18 does not affect differentiation of the adrenal gland, the gonad, the bladder and the kidney. However, ureter differentiation is severely disturbed as the mesenchymal lineage adopts a stromal rather than a ureteric smooth muscle fate. DiI labeling and tissue recombination experiments show that the restriction of Tbx18 expression to the prospective ureteric mesenchyme does not reflect an active condensation process but is due to a specific loss of Tbx18 expression in the mesenchyme out of range of signals from the ureteric epithelium. These cells either contribute to the renal stroma or undergo apoptosis aiding in severing the ureter from its surrounding tissues. We show that Tbx18-deficient cells do not respond to epithelial signals suggesting that Tbx18 is required to prepattern the ureteric mesenchyme. Our study provides new insights into the molecular diversity of urogenital progenitor cells and helps to understand the specification of the ureteric mesenchymal sub-lineage.
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PMID:Tbx18 expression demarcates multipotent precursor populations in the developing urogenital system but is exclusively required within the ureteric mesenchymal lineage to suppress a renal stromal fate. 2368 33

T-box (Tbx) genes encode an ancient group of transcription factors that play important roles in patterning, specification, proliferation, and differentiation programs in vertebrate organogenesis. This is testified by severe organ malformation syndromes in mice homozygous for engineered null alleles of specific T-box genes and by the large number of human inherited organ-specific diseases that have been linked to mutations in these genes. One of the organ systems that has not been associated with loss of specific T-box gene function in human disease for long is the excretory system. However, this has changed with the finding that mutations in TBX18, a member of a vertebrate-specific subgroup within the Tbx1-subfamily of T-box transcription factor genes, cause congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, predominantly hydroureter and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Gene expression analyses, loss-of-function studies, and lineage tracing in the mouse suggest a primary role for this transcription factor in specifying the ureteric mesenchyme in the common anlage of the kidney, the ureter, and the bladder. We review the function of Tbx18 in ureterogenesis and discuss the body of evidence that Tbx18 and other members of the T-box gene family, namely, Tbx1, Tbx2, Tbx3, and Tbx20, play additional roles in development and homeostasis of other components of the excretory system in vertebrates.
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PMID:T-Box Genes in the Kidney and Urinary Tract. 2805 66


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