Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An antiserum against human epidermal keratins was used to detect keratins in frozen sections of various rabbit and human tissues by indirect immunofluorescence. Strong staining was observed in all stratified squamous epithelia (epidermis, cornea, conjunctiva, tongue, esophagus, vagina, and anus), in epidermal appendages (hair follicle, sebaceous gland, ductal and myoepithelial cells of sweat glands), as well as in Hassall's corpuscles of the thymus, indicating that all contain abundant keratins. No staining by the antiserum was observed in fibroblasts, muscle of any type, cartilage, blood vessel, nerve tissue, iris or lens epithelium, or the glomerular or tubular cells of the kidney. In contrast, the antiserum stained the cells of most epithelia of the intestinal tract, urinary tract (urethra, bladder, ureter, collecting ducts of kidney), female genital tract (cervix, cervical glands, uterus, and oviduct), and respiratory tract (trachea and bronchi). Epithelial cells of the fine ductal system in the pancreas and submaxillary gland also stained well. When primary cultures of epithelial cells derived from bladder, intestine, kidney, and trachea were grown on glass coverslips and stained with anti-keratin, fiber networks similar to those of cultured keratinocytes were observed. These results show that keratins constitute a cytoskeleton in epithelial cells of diverse morphology and embryological origin. The stability of keratin filaments probably confers the structural strength necessary for cells covering a free surface. Keratin staining can be used to obtain information about the origin of cell lines.
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PMID:Keratin cytoskeletons in epithelial cells of internal organs. 11 Dec 42

We report on 3 sisters with a syndrome of unilobed or absent thymus, renal and ureter agenesis/dysgenesis, and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Two of the 3 infants had a unilobed lung and imperforate anus. Recurrence was detected prenatally by the presence of progressive oligohydramnios and IUGR, a unilateral echogenic cystic mass in the renal fossa, and low amniotic fluid disaccharidases in association with an imperforate anus. Several genetic mechanisms can be invoked to explain this occurrence including autosomal recessive inheritance and an unrecognized chromosome imbalance.
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PMID:Thymic-renal-anal-lung dysplasia in sibs: a new autosomal recessive error of early morphogenesis. 226 May 72

Calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) has been measured in various tissues of control rats and rats pretreated with systemic capsaicin, s.c. (50 mg/kg as newborns or as adults, 125 mg/kg as adults) and compared with the tissue level of substance P- and tachykinin-like immunoreactivities (SP-LI and TK-LI). The rank order of CGRP-LI concentration in various tissues was as follows: trigeminal ganglion greater than urinary bladder greater than ureter much greater than distal duodenum much greater than proximal duodenum much greater than skin (snout) greater than thymus = right atrium = vas deferens. A complete depletion of CGRP-LI following capsaicin treatment of both adult and newborn animals was observed in urinary bladder, ureter, atrium, vas deferens and skin. Capsaicin pretreatment of both adult and newborn rats reduced CGRP-LI in the duodenum by about 50%. CGRP-LI in trigeminal ganglion was reduced only in newborn animals, while it was not affected in the thymus. The CGRP-LI/SO-LI ratio varied in these tissues between 33.2 (urinary bladder) and 0.9 (proximal duodenum). A significant correlation was found between CGRP-LI and SP-LI or TK-LI in tissues where immunoreactivities were depleted by capsaicin, as well as in the urinary bladder of individual animals. The correlation between CGRP-LI with SP-LI and TK-LI upon treatment with capsaicin indicates that neurons containing SP and TK as well as CGRP, and neurons containing CGRP only, are affected in a similar manner by capsaicin.
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PMID:Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in various rat tissues: correlation with substance P and other tachykinins and sensitivity to capsaicin. 246 30

This study concerns the immunohistologic distribution of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in tissues and organs from 86 legal abortions, stillborn fetuses and perinatal deaths and from 5 adults without inflammatory disease or cancer. Monospecific antibodies to CEA of both polyclonal and monoclonal origin were applied to serial sections obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Starting from the 9th week of gestational age, a positive staining reaction for CEA was found in the surface epithelium of the tongue, the tracheal mucosa and the following locations of the gastro-intestinal tract: the gastro-oesophageal junction, the pyloric antrum, the upper duodenum, throughout the colon and appendix. In the adult, CEA was also found at these sites. All other organs such as the central nervous system, lung, thyroid, thymus, liver, pancreas, gastric corpus, spleen, adrenals, kidney, ureter, bladder, gonads and breast were negative for CEA. Therefore, CEA appears to be a normal antigen in the gastro-intestinal tract at any age from fetal life onwards.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of carcino-embryonic antigen in the embryo, fetus and adult. 339 13

Two cases of Tangier disease are described in children from families unrelated to each other. Necropsy in one case, the first to be reported in this condition, showed large collections of cholesterol-laden macrophages in tonsils, thymus, lymph nodes, and colon, and moderate numbers in pyelonephritic scars and ureter. As the storage cells may be scanty in marrow, jejunum, and liver, the rectum is suggested as the site of choice for biopsy. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating the absence of alpha-lipoproteins from the plasma of the living child, and by finding low plasma levels in both parents of both cases. The disease can be distinguished from other lipidoses by differences in the predominant sites of storage, staining reactions, and serum lipid studies.
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PMID:Pathology of Tangier disease. 511 27

The effects of oral 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI) on pregnant Wistar rats were examined. In a preliminary dose-finding study, pregnant rats treated with 2-MBI over Days 7-17 of gestation showed reduction in maternal thymus weights with compound-related mortality at doses > or = 40 mg/kg. No adverse effects on fetuses were found at doses < or = 40 mg/kg. However, anasarca, cleft palate, and dilated lateral ventricles were present in all fetuses from the only survivor among the dams treated with 60 mg/kg of 2-MBI. In the teratology study, pregnant rats were treated with 2-MBI at doses of 0, 3.3, 10, and 30 mg/kg during the period of organogenesis (Gestation Days 7-17). In addition, pregnant rats of three groups were also treated with 60 mg/kg of 2-MBI for 3 or 4 days during specific periods of organogenesis (Days 7-10, 11-14, or 15-17 of gestation). Treatment on Gestation Days 7-17 resulted in reduced maternal thymus weights at doses of > or = 3.3 mg/kg. In addition to reduced fetal weights, visceral variations (kinked ureter and dilated renal pelvis) and delayed ossification were seen in the fetuses at doses > or = 10 mg/kg, and skeletal variations (rudimentary lumbar ribs) were seen at 30 mg/kg. In the fetuses from the dams treated with 60 mg/kg of 2-MBI, rudimentary lumbar ribs were seen mainly in the group treated on Days 7-10 of gestation, whereas kinked ureter and dilated renal pelvis were evident mainly in the group treated on Gestation Days 15-17.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The adverse effects of oral 2-mercaptobenzimidazole on pregnant rats and their fetuses. 766 5

This study characterizes a novel basement membrane component that is the target of autoantibodies in patients with linear IgA bullous dermatosis. Tissue surveys showed that this protein localized to the epidermal side of 1 M NaCl split skin and to basement membranes in cornea, oral mucosa, esophagus, intestine, kidney collecting ducts, ureter, bladder, urethra, and thymus, but was absent in lung, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, and nerve. Monoclonal antibody 123, which recognizes this protein, induced dermal-epidermal separation of human skin in situ, and this protein was found, by immunoelectron microscopy, to localize exclusively to anchoring filaments. This protein was secreted as as a 120-kDa peptide from primary cultures of keratinocytes as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation. Monoclonal antibody 123 recognized this protein as a 120-kDa band from conditioned cell culture medium and a 97-kDa band from human skin extracts as shown by immunoblot. Serum from five patients with the autoimmune blistering disorder linear IgA bullous dermatosis specifically recognized bands of 120 and 97 kDa from culture medium and skin extracts, respectively, that were of identical electrophoretic migration to the bands recognized by monoclonal antibody 123. In summary, this study characterizes a novel anchoring filament protein that is the target of linear IgA bullous dermatosis autoantibodies. Because monoclonal antibody 123 induces blistering of human skin, we hypothesize that this protein functions to maintain dermal-epidermal cohesion and that autoantibodies in this disease are themselves pathogenic. We propose LAD-1 as the name for this protein.
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PMID:LAD-1, the linear IgA bullous dermatosis autoantigen, is a novel 120-kDa anchoring filament protein synthesized by epidermal cells. 861 13

Human genital skin fibroblasts contain both the full-length 110 K androgen receptor protein (AR-B, apparent M(r) approximately 110,000) and an 87 K N-terminally truncated AR isoform (AR-A, apparent M(r) approximately 87,000). These two AR species are structurally analogous to the A- and B-isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR). We examined the distribution pattern of human AR isoforms in a variety of fetal and adult tissues by Western blot analysis. Relative levels of immunoreactive AR proteins in high salt tissue extracts were estimated by densitometry in comparison to a standard normal genital skin fibroblast preparation. High AR levels (AR-A + AR-B = 0.8-7.7) were present in male and female reproductive tissues from mid-trimester fetuses, including penis, prostate, testis, epididymis, scrotal skin, labial skin, uterus/cervix, and ovary. AR-A and AR-B (0.08-0.9) also were found in 14 non-genital fetal tissues (bladder, fat, lung, great vessel, trachea, muscle, scalp skin, kidney, thyroid, intestine, thymus, ureter, stomach and rectum). AR-A accounted for 4-26% of the AR protein detected in these tissues. Ten other fetal tissues had low levels of AR-B (0.02-0.3) and little or no detectable AR-A. AR-B also was the predominant or only immunoreactive AR species found in 17 adult human tissues. AR levels in adult reproductive tissues (prostate, endometrium, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, testis, seminal vesicle, myometrium, and ejaculatory duct) ranged from 0.1 to 2.2. Immunoreactive AR (0.4-0.8) also was present in specimens of prostate carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma and kidney. Lower levels of AR (0.03-0.1) were detected in adult breast, colon, lung and adrenal gland specimens. This study demonstrates that immunoreactive AR protein is present in a wide variety of human fetal and adult tissues and that two AR isoforms are expressed in many tissues.
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PMID:A and B forms of the androgen receptor are expressed in a variety of human tissues. 880 38

We report on a patient with EEC/EECUT syndrome and concomitant hypoplasia of the thymus and reduction of T cells in secondary lymphatic organs. The patient was born prematurely at 35 weeks of gestational age and exhibited ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, cleft palate and urinary tract abnormalities. On the left side, a large ureterocele was present. On the right side, an atretic ureter was found. Both conditions had led to intrauterine hydronephrosis, renal dysplasia, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, and death of the child. Ureteral malformations are thought to be of epithelial origin. Autopsy showed only small rudiments of thymic tissue containing single epithelial cells, but were completely devoid of Hassall corpuscules. Again, this clearly points to an ectodermal defect. Although there was severe reduction of T cells in secondary lymphatic organs, the thymic defect would not have necessarily led to immunological deficiency; perhaps this is the reason that an epithelial defect in the thymus of patients with EEC syndrome has not yet been reported. With regard to an updating of the diagnosis of the EEC/EECUT syndrome, an "EEC/EECUT plus" syndrome is suggested.
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PMID:Hypoplastic thymus and T-cell reduction in EECUT syndrome. 906 85

This report describes a systematic analysis of the expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) multigene family (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4) in archival serial sections of normal human adult tissues representing the major organ systems, using immunohistochemical techniques. Polyclonal antisera specific for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4 and a three-stage immunoperoxidase technique were employed to determine the cellular distribution of these receptors at the protein level. The expression profiles for the tissue-specific cellular localization of the FGFR multigene family demonstrated wide-spread and striking differential patterns of expression of individual receptors in the epithelia and mesenchyme of multiple tissues (stomach, salivary glands, pancreas, thymus, ureter, and cornea) and co-expression of FGFR1-4 in the same cell types of other tissues. The wide-spread expression of FGFR1-4 in multiple organ systems suggests an important functional role in normal tissue homeostasis. Differences in the spatial patterns of FGFR gene expression may generate functional diversity in response to FGF-1 and FGF-2, both of which bind with equally high affinity to more than one receptor subtype. In vivo, this may lead to functional differences that are crucial for the regulation of normal physiological processes and are responsible for the pathological mechanisms that orchestrate various disease processes.
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PMID:Differential expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) multigene family in normal human adult tissues. 921 26


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