Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0393754 (HSA)
 2,996 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a descriptive study of six men who had been occupationally exposed to heated epoxy resin containing hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) who presented with rhinitis, nasal mucosal erosions, and significant epistaxis; three also had asthma. When they were removed from exposure to HHPA, the rhinitis symptoms, nasal erosions, and epistaxis resolved spontaneous. All six had high titers of IgG and IgE against HHP-HSA as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Other asymptomatic workers with similar HHPA exposure had ver low or negative titers of IgG and IgE against HHP-HSA. We conclude that these results are very suggestive of an immunologic mechanism being responsible for the rhinitis, nasal mucosal erosions, and epistaxis that occurred in the six described HHPA workers.
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PMID:Hemorrhagic rhinitis. An immunologic disease due to hexahydrophthalic anhydride. 825 66

The objective of the study was to determine the clinical and immunologic status of trimellitic anhydride (TMA) workers who have had immunologic lung diseases and who have been moved to lower exposure jobs. Twenty-nine consecutive workers with TMA-induced immunologic lung diseases who had been moved to low exposure jobs for more than 1 yr were studied retrospectively. Pulmonary symptoms were obtained by physician-administered questionnaire. Immunologic studies were performed using radioimmunoassay. Spirometry and chest film were obtained. Workers with late asthma (LA) (n = 3), late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS) (n = 8), or both LRSS and asthma rhinitis (A/R) (n = 6) had improved symptoms, improved pulmonary functions, and lower total antibody against TM-HSA. Five of the 12 workers with A/R had improved symptoms, improved pulmonary functions, and lower IgE against TM-HSA, whereas seven continued to have moderate to severe symptoms, abnormal pulmonary functions, and elevated IgE against TM-HSA. There were no chest film findings in any group that were definitely attributed to TMA. Although TMA workers with LA or LRSS improve when moved to lower exposure jobs, only half of workers with A/R improve; elevated IgE against TM-HSA appears to be a marker for the subpopulation of workers with A/R that does not improve.
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PMID:A clinical and immunologic study of workers with trimellitic-anhydride-induced immunologic lung disease after transfer to low exposure jobs. 831 14

We evaluated 96 workers employed at facilities that manufacture or use TMXDI (meta) aliphatic isocyanate and TMI (meta) unsaturated aliphatic isocyanate. We used immunoglobulin (Ig) and IgG serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies and a questionnaire designed to identify symptoms compatible with work-related syndromes such as asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. There were no workers with immunologically induced disease due to TMI isocyanate or TMXDI isocyanate nor were there any workers whose questionnaires suggested new onset of asthma. Approximately 40% of workers experienced some irritant symptoms, mostly upper respiratory or ocular. One worker had low level IgE antibody against TMXDI-HSA but had no work-related respiratory symptoms. Very low-level IgG against TMI-HSA or TMXDI-HSA was present in 7% of workers, all of whom were in the high-exposure category.
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PMID:Exposure to TMXDI (meta) aliphatic isocyanate and TMI (meta) unsaturated aliphatic isocyanate. Clinical and immunological evaluation of 96 workers. 845 99

To investigate the behavior of mast cells following activation we have studied IL-3-dependent mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC). Proliferation of BMMC presensitized with IgE anti-DNP antibodies was assessed after immunological stimulation with DNP-HSA. Proliferative potential of activated BMMC, as detected by [3H]thymidine incorporation, was similar to that of control BMMC during the first 6 days after activation while on Day 9 activated cells incorporated more [3H]thymidine. Both activated and control BMMC numbers slightly decreased 3-4 days after challenge with antigen and by Day 5 started to increase, reaching a maximum at Day 9. Immunologic activation of BMMC presensitized with IgE antibodies led to a profound loss of responsiveness to rechallenge with the same antigen 2-24 hr and 3-5 days later (70-100% inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase release). After 12 days cells were still partially unresponsive (20% inhibition). On the other hand, when BMMC were incubated again with IgE prior to rechallenge, desensitization was less pronounced and was resolved by Day 12. Activation of BMMC with an optimal concentration of thrombin induced only a partial unresponsiveness upon rechallenge 2-4 hr after activation (30% inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase release), while activation with calcium ionophore did not induce any desensitization. In both control and experimental BMMC cell-associated histamine remained stable for 12 days after challenge. We conclude that BMMC undergo a period of unresponsiveness which is more pronounced after immunological activation in contrast to nonimmunological ones, similarly to what previously shown for rat peritoneal mast cells.
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PMID:Proliferation and functional responses of bone marrow-derived mast cells after activation. 849 99

Specific IgE antibodies against cobalt-conjugated human serum albumin (Co-HSA) were determined in serum samples from 706 hard metal workers who responded to a questionnaire on 17 physical and mental health practices. Hard metal (an alloy of cobalt) exposure resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increases in Co-HSA RAST indices in male subjects. In contrast, no factor concerning health practices made an independent contribution to elevation or suppression of specific IgE levels against cobalt. Although total IgE level was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) modulated by the cumulative health practice index (HPIA: Health Practice Index in Allergic reaction), which was extracted by MANOVA analysis while controlling for sex, age, and environmental factors, no significant association was found between HPIA and specific IgE level against cobalt. Multiple logistic analysis also revealed that health practices and hard metal exposure had a significant relative risk (> 2.3; P < 0.05) of elevating Co-HSA RAST index when the total IgE level was more than 400 IU/ml. Thus, a healthy lifestyle as well as discouragement of occupational exposure may be of benefit in reducing allergic disorders for persons with high IgE levels.
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PMID:Effect of lifestyle on levels of specific IgE antibodies. 850 85

This study aimed at investigating sensitizing and hazardous effects of a new acid anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), in addition to those of phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride, in a group of 92 exposed workers in two German chemical plants. Of the 92 workers, 56 reported work-related complaints with a predominance of phlegm and dyspnoea in those exposed to anhydride dust for less than 1 year. Haemorrhagic rhinitis occurred only after a prolonged exposure of more than 15 years. Specific IgE antibodies to anhydride-HSA conjugates could be detected in 15 exposed subjects, 12 of whom had work-related symptoms. The IgE-positive group had significantly more impaired lung function parameters than the IgE-negative group. The proportion of IgE-positive subjects was highest in the groups with dyspnoea (5/18), cough (6/24) and rhinitis (11/44) whereas only 1 of 11 workers with haemorrhagic rhinitis had such antibodies. A follow-up study of 23 affected workers was performed after 10 months to assess clinical symptoms, lung function and IgE antibody levels. This follow-up study showed the absence of obstructive ventilation patterns in three out of six subjects in addition to cessation of symptoms in most initially affected workers who were no longer exposed. On the other hand, 14 workers under continuous exposure had comparable pathological findings on re-examination. Our results confirm that anhydrides including the lesser known PMDA, behave as respiratory irritants and as immediate-type sensitizers. They predominantly induced reversible symptoms in workers whose exposure stopped after a working period of about 0.7 years. Abnormal lung function parameters normalized in nearly 50% of these subjects.
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PMID:A clinical and immunological study on 92 workers occupationally exposed to anhydrides. 856 89

Two workers (23 and 28 years old) developed rhinitis and bronchial asthma after occupational contact with the isocyanate MDI. Positive skin prick test results for MDI-HSA and IgE antibodies to all isocyanate-HSA conjugates were obtained in both cases, and the inhalation challenge test with MDI produced immediate and late asthmatic reactions. In the patch test and the stimulation assay of peripheral mononuclear blood cells, a specific sensitization to the diamine MDA (in both cases) and to further amines (in one case), as well as to hydrolysates of the respective diisocyanates, was seen, which appears to be independent of the IgE response to isocyanate-HSA conjugates. Our results offer evidence of IgE-mediated, as well as lymphocyte, responses induced by exposures to isocyanate products over several months or years.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immune responses in asthmatic isocyanate workers: report of two cases. 873 20

We report the case of a 55-year-old male who experienced cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and nasal congestion immediately upon exposure to FD&C Blue Dye No. 2 (Indigotine) at work. The patient had worked for 10 years mixing and grinding powdered synthetic red, yellow, and blue dyes for use in foods; symptoms had occurred for 2 years and only with exposure to Indigotine (C16H8N2Na2O8S2), a free flowing blue powder. Prick testing to Indigotine (20 mg/mL) was negative. ELISA failed to detect specific IgE, IgA, IgM, or IgG to Indigotine-HSA conjugates. Bronchial challenge was done according to the method of Pepys et al. beginning with 4 x 10(-4) lactose dilution of Indigotine powder. After 5 minutes of exposure to 4 gm Indigotine/100 gm lactose, the patient developed dyspnea and audible wheezing. At 20 minutes postexposure, there was a 20% decline in FEV1 from prechallenge baseline; no late phase response was observed. A second bronchial challenge with sodium sulfate, the major nondye product additive was negative. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of occupational asthma due to FD&C Blue Dye No. 2. The pathogenesis is uncertain but does not appear to be IgE mediated.
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PMID:Occupational asthma caused by FD&C blue dye no. 2. 881 38

The quantitation of in vitro IgE antibodies to the benzylpenicilloyl determinant (BPO) is a useful tool for evaluating suspected penicillin allergic subjects. Although many different methods have been employed, few studies have compared their diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of three different radio allergo sorbent test (RAST) methods for quantitating specific IgE antibodies to the BPO determinant were compared. Thirty positive control sera (serum samples from penicillin allergic subjects with a positive clinical history and a positive penicillin skin test) and 30 negative control sera (sera from subjects with no history of penicillin allergy and negative skin tests) were tested for BPO-specific IgE antibodies by RAST using three different conjugates coupled to the solid phase: benzylpenicillin conjugated to polylysine (BPO-PLL), benzylpenicillin conjugated to human serum albumin (BPO-HSA), and benzylpenicillin conjugated to an aminospacer (BPO-SP). Receiver operator control curves (ROC analysis) were carried out by determining different cut-off points between positive and negative values. Contingence tables were constructed and sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive values (PV-), and positive predictive values (PV+) were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were determined and the differences between methods were compared by chi 2 analysis. Analysis of the areas defined by the ROC curves showed statistical differences among the three methods. When cut-off points for optimal sensitivity and specificity were chosen, the BPO-HSA assay was less sensitive and less specific and had a lower PV- and PV+ than the BPO-PLL and BPO-SP assays. Assessment of r and ICC indicated that the correlation was very high, but the concordance between the PLL and SP methods was higher than between the PLL and HSA or SP and HSA methods. We conclude that for quantitating IgE antibodies by RAST to the BPO determinant, BPO-SP or BPO-PLL conjugates offer advantages in sensitivity and specificity compared with BPO-HSA. These results support and extend previous in vitro studies by our group and highlight the importance of the carrier for RAST assays.
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PMID:Determination of IgE antibodies to the benzylpenicilloyl determinant: a comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of three radio allergo sorbent test methods. 929 92

Since type I allergy caused by specific IgE antibodies may play principal roles and IgG antibody-mediated reactions have been thought to be involved in some parts of the pathogenesis, this study was performed to investigate the role of IgE- or IgG-mediated hypersensitivity reactions in development of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) asthma in Korean workers. For 81 TDI spray painters, self-administrative questionnaires and direct interviews on respiratory symptoms, chest auscultation, and measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) were performed. The TDI concentration in their working environments was measured. Levels of serum IgE and IgG specific to TDI were estimated by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and ELISA using p-tolyl isocyanate-human serum albumin (TMI-HSA) as the antigen. When sputum, cough, and dyspnea aggravated by work or wheezing existed, when FVC or FEV1.0 was less than 80% of the normal reference value, or when IgE RAST for TDI was positive, the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was recorded four times per day for over 2 weeks. If decrease of PEFR was over 20% of baseline PEFR and changing pattern of PEFR was closely related to workshift in time, then a diagnosis of TDI asthma was made. Changing patterns of PEFR of 8 (9.9%) workers corresponded to the diagnostic criteria of TDI-related occupational asthma. Levels of the specific IgE were increased in 9 (11.1%) of the 81 subject workers and in 3 (37.5%) of the 8 PEFR-positive workers. Levels of the specific IgG were increased in 9 (11.1%) workers, and in only 1 (12.5%) of the asthmatics sensitive to TDI. Neither elevated TDI-specific IgE levels nor PEFR test positivities were associated with increased IgG levels. The mean titer of the PEFR-test-positive workers was slightly lower than that of the PEFR-negative workers and that of the IgE RAST-positive workers lower than that of the test-negative workers, but there was no statistical significance. These results suggest that IgG is not deeply involved in the pathogenesis of TDI-induced occupational asthma in Korean workers.
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PMID:Seroimmunological characteristics of Korean workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate. 935 88


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