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Query: UMLS:C0393754 (HSA)
 2,996 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The biological activity of a hot-water extract from delipidated BCG, designated as HSA (Hot-water Soluble Adjuvant), was investigated. The HSA did not induce hyperreactivity to bacterial endotoxin. The hot-water extract from which nucleic acids had been removed by streptomycin (SM-HSA) was found to enhance the delayed-type hypersensitivity as evidenced by the results of footpad reaction of mice. The HSA and SM-HSA could be injected to mice by an intraperitoneal route for 20 consecutive days without undesirable side effects. A comparative study was made on the effects of HSA in relation to the duration and doses of treatment with HSA using the ddI mice inoculated with Sarcoma-180. The most remarkable effect was observed when 0.25 mg of HSA had been injected for 20 consecutive days. Also SM-HSA was found to exert antitumor activity when applied in the same manner as above. These results suggest that the presence of nucleic acids is not related to the biological and antitumor activities of the hot-water extract.
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PMID:A biological study on hot-water extract from delipidated Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG. 39 13

Extravascular lung water is estimated in vivo from indicator dilution curves of diffusible and non-diffusible tracers utilizing their different transit times as they pass the lung microvessels. 131I-antipyrine as the diffusible and 99mTc-HSA as the non-diffusible tracer were injected simultaneously, using a pneumatic injector. Indices for rELW/V and rELW/F were calculated using programs previously published, and gave numerical values for the presence and intensity of pulmonary interstitial oedema. Inaccuracies due to sequential inputs are avoided. 131I-antipyrine has a more convenient pulmonary interstitial oedema. Inaccuracies due to sequential inputs are avoided. 131I-antipyrine has a more convenient shelflife and can therefore serve for emergency and follow-up examinations. The results do not differ significantly form those with 123I-antipyrine, and the higher radiation burden is tolerable. A mobile set-up for bed-side measurements is described.
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PMID:[Estimation of lung water with 131I-antipyrine and 99mTc-HSA (author's transl)]. 39 6

On the basis of myelographic findings, spinal adhesive arachnoiditis was classified into three types: type I (peripheral or marginal), type II (central), and type III (advanced). Depending on its location and extent, it may be divided into group A (lumbar), group B (thoracic), and group C (cervical). In view of the fact that intrathecal injection both of oily and of water-soluble contrast media tends to produce spinal arachnoiditis, we have been using radionuclides for pre- and postoperative myelography to evaluate arachnoiditis. Radionuclide myelography with 131I-HSA or 111In-DTPA is a safe modality which provides useful information regarding spinal arachnoiditis.
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PMID:The value of radionuclide myelography in the evaluation of spinal arachnoiditis. 74 14

A water-soluble fraction was isolated from delipidated cells of Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG by extraction with hot water. Chemical analyses revealed that the above fraction presumably consisted of a peptidoglycan containing 5-10% of nucleic acids. When it was injected into guinea pigs with Freund's incomplete adjuvant plus egg white albumin as antigen, an increase of circulating antibody was observed as shown by the augmented titers of precipitin and hemagglutinin. The results of skin test and corneal reaction indicated that the fraction mentioned above induced delayed hypersensitivity to egg white albumin. Footpad reaction in mice demonstrated that the above fraction induced delayed hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells. It was confirmed in addition that the adjuvant activity of this fraction was not due to the presence of nucleic acids. This adjuvant-active fraction was designated as HSA (hot-water soluble adjuvant.
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PMID:Chemical and biological properties of hot water extract from delipidated cells of Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG. 78 98

Mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate (BSH) is an important agent in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of various cancers. A simple and rapid analytical method for the measurement of mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate in aqueous solution and in urine by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been developed. A thin-pathlength sampling apparatus was used to minimize the strong absorption of water. The subtraction of water absorbance from sample spectra resolved a B-H band at 2493 cm-1. The quantitative measurement of BSH concentration was carried out by integrating the B-H band above baseline in the range of 2534-2440 cm-1. The lower limit of measuring the concentration of sodium BSH (Na2B12H11SH) in our experiment was 10 micrograms/ml (about 5 ppm of boron). This method measures the hydroborate (B-H) concentration instead of total boron and, thus, may be utilized to measure the BSH concentration in in vivo samples for metabolic studies.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 140 4

Our newly developed radionuclide method for the calculation of right ventricular (RV) volume was examined in this study. Using a semi-geometric count-based method, volume can be measured by the following equation: Cv = Cm/(L/d). V = (Ct/Cv) x d3 = (Ct/Cm) x L x d2. (V = volume, Cv = voxel count, Cm = the maximum count of a container, Ct = the total count of the container, L = maximum length of the image of the container obtained from a direction perpendicular to the direction where the count data were collected, and d = pixel size.) A phantom study was performed by setting a cylindrical container in a system which circulated 5 liters of water per minute. 81mKr solution was infused continuously into the container, and images of the container were collected for one minute. Cm and Ct were obtained and, because the container was cylindrical, the maximum width of the image of the container was measured as L. The volume of the container was calculated using the above equation. The container's true volume and the volume measured by this method showed a good correlation with r = 0.997 (n = 13, p < 0.001). This theorem was applied to RV images obtained in the 30 degree right anterior oblique position by continuous infusion of the 81mKr solution. Multiple gated acquisition was performed and RV end-diastolic maximum counts and total counts were obtained. The RV maximum width was measured as L on the end-diastolic cardiac pool image with 99mTc-D-HSA collected in the 40 degree left anterior oblique position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Right ventricular volume determination by continuous 81mKr infusion and 99mTc blood pool imaging]. 146 57

HSA was covalently modified with maleimide spin-label. The model of label chemical exchange between inner (A) and outer (B) layers of water-protein matrix was applied. From van't-Hoff plots effective thermodynamic parameters of activation were calculated, the tendency of their alteration being found as sucrose concentration. It was revealed that sucrose induces the appearance of negative disjointing pressure. This leads to the forcing out of water layers from hydrophobic cavities in the interior of protein loosening structural flexibility and fluctuational mobility of the water-protein matrix.
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PMID:[Stabilization of protein by saccharose by spin marker method data]. 166 44

This study was performed to provide information on the determinants of lymph flow by comparing the effect of venous stasis and hypoproteinaemia in the rat tail. This low-compliant tissue was chosen in an attempt to induce preferential changes in interstitial pressure or volume. The removal rate (kAlb) of 125I-labelled human serum albumin (I-HSA) injected subcutaneously was monitored with external gamma-counting equipment and used as a measure of lymph flow. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) was measured with wick-in-needle technique, and interstitial fluid was collected post mortem by dry wicks. Colloid osmotic pressure of plasma (COPp) and wick fluid (COPi) was measured with a colloid osmometer. In a separate group of experiments, 51Cr-EDTA and [125I]HSA were used to measure the interstitial fluid volume. Venous stasis, induced by bilateral ligation of the external tail veins, increased interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure from 1.7 to 16 mmHg and kAlb from 0.030 to 0.063 h-1, whereas tail circumference was nearly constant. Interstitial volume averaged 1.17 ml/g dry weight in control animals and 1.27 ml/g during increased venous pressure. Daily injections of aminonucleoside in salt-loaded rats (0.3% NaCl as drinking water) reduced colloid osmotic pressure of plasma from 19.1 to 8.5 mmHg and of wick fluid from 11.2 to 2.9 mmHg, while interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure increased to 5.2 mmHg. The removal rate of 125I-labelled human serum albumin increased to 0.113 h-1, compared to 0.051 h-1 in salt-loaded controls. The interstitial volume showed a marked increase in salt-loaded hypoproteinaemic rats, 1.75 ml/g dry weight, compared to 1.30 ml/g in salt-loaded controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of longstanding venous stasis and hypoproteinaemia on lymph flow in the rat tail. 187 57

Hydroxy-urea bearing albumin microspheres were prepared using the polymer dispersion method. Glycerol was used successfully in place of water as an internal phase of w/o emulsion, to prepare HSA based albumin microspheres. Silicone coated magnetite of nanometeric size was incorporated in the drug bearing microspheres. The process variables which could affect the physical characteristics with respect to in vitro and in vivo performance of the prepared microspheres were studied. The in vitro release of the drug from the microspheres followed a linear relationship when commulative per cent drug release was plotted against square root of time. Microspheres of average size 1-4 microns were studied for in vivo distribution and localization. It was established that 67 per cent of the drug enveloped in magnetic albumin microspheres could be localized in a rat tail target segment, on applying an external magnetic field of strength 8000 Oe. A remarkable stabilization of hydroxy urea in the prepared microspheres was recorded when t10% drug degradation was compared with the albumin microspheres prepared by a conventional emulsion polymerization method using water as an internal phase.
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PMID:Hydroxy-urea bearing albumin microspheres--preparation, characterization and evaluation. 188 Jun 96

Nitroxide stable free radicals (nitroxides) have potential utility as MRI contrast-enhancing agents with the additional capability of reflecting redox metabolism. In order to gain a better understanding of their potential interactions in vivo, we have studied the longitudinal NMRD profiles (1/T1 as a function of field strength) and ESR spectra for lipophilic and aqueous-soluble nitroxides in blood, plasma, and plasma components. Typical water-soluble nitroxides do not interact appreciably with blood, plasma, or plasma proteins. Fatty acid nitroxides do interact physically with blood, predominantly by intercalation within red blood cell membranes and binding to albumin. The latter interaction results in significantly enhanced relaxivity for the nitroxide/HSA complex. Relaxation of water protons in this case is dominated by inner sphere processes, ostensibly due to water molecules hydrogen bonded to nitroxide moieties. The rotational reorientation time for the complex, the electronic relaxation time, and the exchange time for the water molecule reversably bound to the nitroxide, all appear significantly to influence the correlation time (approximately 16 ns) for this inner sphere contribution.
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PMID:Interactions of nitroxides with plasma and blood: effect on 1/T1 of water protons. 216 85


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