Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0393754 (HSA)
 2,996 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fundamental principles of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy are thought to be increased local drug concentration and the "first-pass" effect. The concentration in the rest of the body can only be decreased if there is local elimination of the infused drug before reaching the systemic circulation. This is referred to as the "first-pass" effect. In the evaluation of "first-pass" effect, the uptake of liver after infusing 99mTc-human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA) in the hepatic artery by injecting the subcutaneously implanted silicon reservoir was compared with that obtained after intravenous administration of 99mTc-HSA. In order to remove the factor of portal infusion, each count of liver up take had been continued for only 24 seconds after starting the liver uptake. The results are as follows: for 24 cases excepting 6 cases with catheter obstruction, the mean i.a./i.v. ratio was 7.92 +/- 3.34 (range 3.25 to 17.25). Although the elimination rate of drugs in the liver varies with each drug, the infusion of intraarterial chemotherapy should be about 8 times more concentrative than intravenous administration on the "first-pass" effect.
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PMID:[First pass effect by infusing 99mTc-human serum albumin into the hepatic artery]. 341 59

The short (< 10 microns) ranges of alpha and 7Li particles produced during boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) make the partitioning of the boronated drug within and without the cell of critical importance. The evaluation of the potential usefulness of a boron-containing substance for BNCT requires information about its intracellular accumulation. In the present report, an in vitro method is described for direct measurement of intracellular boron based on rapid centrifugation of cells through a layer of mineral oil and silicon oil to strip away extracellular growth medium. The intracellular concentrations of boronophenylalanine (BPA), mercaptoborane (BSH) and horic acid in malignant cells and in normal cells have been compared. The accumulation ratio is defined as the ratio of the intracellular to the extracellular boron concentration. Boric acid showed an accumulation ratio of 1 while the ratios for BSH and BPA were dependent on cell type and tended to be greater for BPA than for BSH in malignant but not in normal cells.
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PMID:Accumulation of boron in malignant and normal cells incubated in vitro with boronophenylalanine, mercaptoborane or boric acid. 889 82

The aim of the present study was to ellipsometrically determine the thickness and surface mass density in air for up to 110-nm-thick organic layers made of alternatingly deposited layers of HSA and polyclonal anti-HSA on hydrophobic silicon. The ellipsometrically determined thickness was compared to that obtained by AFM and the deposited surface mass density calibrated with (125)I-labeled proteins. The results indicate a good agreement in protein layer thickness between AFM and ellipsometry when the protein film refractive index N(film)=1.5-0i, although then the calculated surface mass density from the ellipsometry data became grossly overestimated by the Cuypers one-component formula. A good agreement in the surface mass density was obtained when the M/A ratio in this formula was lowered from 4.14 to 2.35. This approach indicates a convenient means of determining the refractive indices and surface mass densities of mesothick organic layers proteins on solid supports.
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PMID:The determination of thickness and surface mass density of mesothick immunoprecipitate layers by null ellipsometry and protein 125iodine labeling. 1629 May 71

In the present work, blood plasma protein deposition to spontaneously air oxidized silicon, titanium and aluminium was re-investigated in vitro. Immunological- and null ellipsometry methods were used to detect and quantitate adsorbed proteins, RIA methods to study the retention of preadsorbed 125I-HSA upon exposure to buffer or blood plasma, and kallikrein-specific colorimetric substrate S-2302 to follow the surface generation of kallikrein. The results show that the contact activation of coagulation and complement systems are connected on Si and Ti, but not on Al, via coagulation factor XII. Preadsorbed 125I-HSA was most readily displaced on silicon, followed by titanium and aluminium. The surfaces displayed different antibody binding patterns after short and long-time exposures to plasma. Titanium and silicon bound anti-HMWK after 1 min in plasma, but aluminium did not. When the plasma incubation time was prolonged up to 2h the anti-HMWK binding disappeared totally on titanium and decreased on silicon. During the same time period, anti-C3c binding increased to the three types of surfaces. Also, the anti-C3c binding onto Si and Ti, but not Al, disappeared after incubation in Factor XII deficient plasma or when a specific coagulation factor XII (Factor XII) inhibitor, corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI) was added to normal plasma. The surface contacted plasmas cleaved the kallikrein-specific reagent S-2302 both after single surface contact, and after reincubation of surfaces in fresh plasma. The results show that C3b and Factor XIIa and their degradation products were retained at the surfaces.
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PMID:Blood plasma contact activation on silicon, titanium and aluminium. 1715 38

The preparation and optimization of a new monolithic chymotrypsin bioreactor for online protein digestion is described. Silica monolithic supports have been activated with epoxide functionalities following an optimized in situ procedure and used for covalent immobilization of chymotrypsin in one-step reaction under different conditions. A total of four bioreactors were prepared and characterized in terms of the amount of immobilized enzyme and apparent active units by using a standard substrate, N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine p-nitroanilide (BTPNA). The stability of the bioreactors was evaluated and the morphology of the support after immobilization and use was studied by SEM analysis. The proteolytic activity of the optimized chymotrypsin bioreactor was evaluated using HSA as a model protein by online coupling of the bioreactor with LC-ESI-MS. With the online protocol, complete protein digestion in 120 min was achieved with a sequence coverage of 97.3%.
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PMID:Chymotrypsin immobilization on epoxy monolithic silica columns: development and characterization of a bioreactor for protein digestion. 1792 85

Silica monoliths in affinity microcolumns were tested for the high-throughput analysis of drug-protein interactions. HSA was used as a model protein for this work, while carbamazepine and R-warfarin were used as model analytes. A comparison of HSA silica monoliths of various lengths indicated columns as short as 1 to 3 mm could be used to provide reproducible estimates of retention factors or plate heights. Benefits of using smaller columns for this work included the lower retention times and lower back pressures that could be obtained versus traditional HPLC affinity columns, as well as the smaller amount of protein that is required for column preparation. One disadvantage of decreasing column length was the lower precision that resulted in retention factor and plate height measurements. A comparison was also made between microcolumns containing silica particles versus silica monoliths. It was demonstrated with R-warfarin that supports could be used in HSA microcolumns for the determination of retention factors or plate heights. However, the higher efficiency of the silica monolith made this the preferred support for work at higher flow rates or when a larger number of plates are needed during the rapid analysis of drug-protein interactions.
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PMID:Evaluation of silica monoliths in affinity microcolumns for high-throughput analysis of drug-protein interactions. 1963 7

We have developed a new competitive protein binding assay (CPBA) based on human serum albumin functionalized silicon dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO2-HSA) that can be used for naproxen determination in urine. Compared with a conventional multi-well reaction plate, nano-SiO2 with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio could be introduced as a stationary phase, markedly improving the analytical performance. Nano-SiO2-HSA and horseradish peroxidase-labeled-naproxen (HRP-naproxen) were prepared for the present CPBA method. In this study, a direct competitive binding to nano-SiO2-HSAwas performed between the free naproxen in the sample and HRP-naproxen. Thus, the catalytic color reactions were investigated on an HRP/3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)/H2O2 system by the HRP-naproxen/nano-SiO2-HSA composite for quantitative measurement via an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. A series of validation experiments indicated that our proposed methods can be applied satisfactorily to the determination of naproxen in urine samples. As a proof of principle, the newly developed nano-CPBA method for the quantification of naproxen in urine can be expected to have the advantages of low costs, fast speed, high accuracy, and relatively simple instrument requirements. Our method could be capable of expanding the analytical applications of nanomaterials and of determining other small-molecule compounds from various biological samples.
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PMID:Competitive Protein Binding Assay of Naproxen by Human Serum Albumin Functionalized Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles. 3131 75