Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0393754 (HSA)
 2,996 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The formation of homocytotropic antibodies (IgE) as determined by immunochemical characteristics against penicilloyl in rabbits was shown. The production of such antibodies to azidocilloyl-human serum albumin (AzO10-HSA) in alum was found optimal using 1 mg of antigen in the tested range of 0.01-8 mg. At the lowest dose (0.01 mg) only haemagglutinating but no IgE antibodies were formed. Immunization with azidocilloyl-bovine gamma-globulin (AzO9-BGG) resulted in a slower increase in antibody levels than was caused by AzO10-HSA. Univalent benzylpenicilloyl-epsilon-aminocaproate or ampicillin given together with the antigen upon immunization decreased the levels of penicllloyl specific IgE and haemagglutinating antibodies, but induced the formation of IgE antibodies against the carrier molecule. Further, the administration of penicilloyl specific IgG antibodies diminished formation of both IgE and haemagglutinating antibodies, but no antibodies specific for the carrier were formed. The usefulness of this animal model for the experimental study of penicillin allergy is discussed.
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PMID:Formation of homocytotropic antibodies with penicilloyl specificity in the rabbit. 94 64

A group of 34 penicillin-allergic patients was studied to determine skin test reactivity to the different penicillins involved in inducing the allergic reaction and the cross-reactivity with side-chain-related and side-chain-unrelated cephalosporins. All the subjects selected for the study had to be skin test positive to at least one of the following determinants: benzyl-penicilloyl-polylysine (BPO-PLL), minor-determinant mixture (MDM), amoxicillin (AX), or ampicillin (AMP), or to possess in vitro IgE to the following conjugates: benzyl-penicilloyl-human-serum albumin (BPO-HSA), ampicilloyl-human-serum albumin (AMP-HSA), and amoxicilloyl-human-serum albumin (AX-HSA). Cephalexin (CE) and ceftazidime (CEF) were used to assess cross-reactivity. If skin tests to any of these compounds were positive, the patient was considered to be allergic; if negative, a challenge test was performed. Sixteen patients (47%) were skin test positive to BPO and/or MDM, and nine (26%) exclusively to AX and/or AMP. In three cases (8%), the RAST was positive although the skin test was negative; one to BPO-HSA and two to AX-HSA and AMP-HSA. Six patients (17%) needed to be challenged with the penicillin involved to establish the diagnosis. In five patients (14%), the skin tests were positive to CE and in none to CEF. In all the others, the skin tests were negative to both cephalosporins, and the patients tolerated the drugs when challenged. These results indicate the relevance of side-chain-specific minor determinants in betalactams allergy and provide support for the role of this chemical structure in the evaluation of cross-reactivity between penicillins and cephalosporins.
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PMID:Allergic reactions to betalactams: studies in a group of patients allergic to penicillin and evaluation of cross-reactivity with cephalosporin. 817 57

Substances that can affect the crystallization of cholesterol from human bile and consequently the gallstone formation have been given considerable attention. We improved the model system for testing cholesterol crystallization-affecting activity (promoting or inhibiting) of substances and used it for some drugs that are excreted into bile. Besides other factors natural lipid-protein complexes isolated from the native human bile have been shown to be responsible for nucleation and fast crystal growth in cholesterol supersaturated model bile. Artificial lipid-protein complex of taurolithocholate, human serum albumin and Ca2+ (TLTC-HSA-Ca2+) exhibited a lower crystallization activity than both the artificial lipid-protein complexes of taurodeoxycholate, human serum albumin and Ca2+ and the lipid-protein complex isolated from native human bile. The model bile supplemented with this artificial lipid-protein complex (TLTC-HSA-Ca2+) formed a convenient system for testing of various substances (drugs) for their crystallization-affecting activity. From the 20 tested drugs, which could occur at least in small amounts in human bile, the highest crystallization-promoting activity was found for complexes with ampicillin, butorphanol and colchicine. Complexes with tetracycline, thioridazine and doxycycline were the strongest inhibitors. The drugs, which had some effect on cholesterol crystallization, affected somehow the artificial lipid-albumin complex by displacing its components. Interactions of different drugs with HSA and its artificial complexes with the conjugated bile salt and Ca2+ ions were followed by absorption spectroscopy to observe displacement interactions. On the basis of these experiments we could classify drugs into four groups which differ by their effects on spectral characteristics of complexes.
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PMID:Effect of drugs on cholesterol crystallization in an artificial bile model and relation of this effect to drug binding to albumin. 1280 72