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Query: UMLS:C0393754 (HSA)
 2,996 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. We studied the effect of immunologically activated pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) on functions of canine bronchiolar smooth muscle under isometric conditions in vitro. 2. PAM, stimulated with monoclonal anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody and DNP-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA), augmented the contractile responses of bronchioles to electrical field stimulation, whereas PAM treated with IgE antibody alone had no effect. 3. In contrast, the contractile responses to exogenously administered acetylcholine were not influenced by immunologically activated PAM. 4. The PAM-induced increase in the contractile responses to field stimulation was inhibited by pretreatment of PAM with indomethacin and by addition of the thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor antagonist SQ 29548. 5. The release of TxA2 from PAM was increased by anti-DNP IgE and DNP-HSA, an effect that was prevented by indomethacin. 6. These results suggest that PAM may play a role in the development of antigen-induced hyperreactivity of small airways through an IgE-dependent release of TxA2 which potentiates prejunctionally the parasympathetic component of bronchiolar smooth muscle tone.
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PMID:IgE-dependent activation of alveolar macrophages augments neurally mediated contraction of small airways. 188 2

In order to obtain high amounts of specific antibodies against the hapten methylphosphoric acid, para-aminophenyl-1,2,2-trimethyl-propyldiester (MATP) different animals were immunized with MATP coupled to the carrier protein human serum albumin (MATP12-HSA) using several adjuvants. The best specific immune response in sheep, rabbit and chicken was reached with Freund's complete adjuvant with animal specific differences being tested by an ELISA. The adjuvants aluminium hydroxide (5% and 10%) and diphosphoryl lipid A showed no significant difference compared to the control group (NaCl with MATP12-HSA). In rabbits and chickens MATP12-HSA can be used to reach an immune response without the help of an adjuvant.
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PMID:Influence of various adjuvants on the synthesis of specific antibodies of chicken, sheep and rabbit following immunization with an hapten. 190 62

CKS-17, an immunosuppressive peptide homologous to certain retroviral transmembrane envelope protein, has been shown to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens or alloantigens when covalently attached to bovine serum albumin (CKS-17-BSA). To define its site of action, we determined if CKS-17 conjugated to human serum albumin (CKS-17-HSA) could block the direct activation of lymphocytes by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or by a synthetic diacylglycerol, dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8). CKS-17-HSA inhibited lymphocyte proliferation in response to PMA and ionomycin in a dose-dependent manner with up to 88% inhibition occurring with 15 microM CKS-17-HSA. The conjugated peptide also inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes in response to DiC8 and ionomycin by up to 57% at 15 microM CKS-17-HSA. Based on these findings we investigated the effect of CKS-17-HSA on the activity of protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme directly activated by PMA and DiC8. PKC was isolated chromatographically from the cytosol of human neutrophils or the human lymphoblastoid cell line Jurkat. CKS-17-HSA caused a dose-dependent enzyme inhibition with a concentration giving half-maximal inhibition (IC50) of ca.3 microM and greater than 95% inhibition at 15 microM CKS-17-HSA. Inhibition of PKC by the conjugated peptide was not reversed by increasing concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, phosphatidylserine, diolein, or adenosine triphosphate (ATP), indicating that the conjugated peptide did not function as a chelator or competitive inhibitor. In contrast to its effects on PKC, CKS-17-HSA did not inhibit the activity of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase (PK-A) nor the calcium and phospholipid-independent form of PKC (PK-M). Moreover the peptide inhibited in vivo PKC activity in cytosol of intact cells and in membrane of PMA-stimulated cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by CKS-17-HSA may be due to the direct inactivation of PKC.
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PMID:A synthetic peptide homologous to retroviral transmembrane envelope proteins depresses protein kinase C mediated lymphocyte proliferation and directly inactivated protein kinase C: a potential mechanism for immunosuppression. 192 61

Cytogenetic studies were made on 328 spermatozoa from three individuals using either fresh semen samples capacitated in Biggers, Whitten and Whittingham (BWW) medium plus human serum albumin (BWW + HSA) or semen samples preserved at 4 degrees C in TEST-Yolk buffer. A total of 261 sperm karyotypes were obtained in a series of experiments in which half of each sample was capacitated in BWW + HSA and the other half in TEST-Yolk buffer at 4 degrees C for 2 days; 123 and 138 sperm karyotypes were obtained from the two capacitation methods respectively. Neither the frequency of sperm chromosomal abnormalities nor the sex ratio was significantly different after each capacitation methods. In one individual, however, the sex ratio (19X:32Y in the fresh sample and 49X:28Y in the preserved sample) did show a significant difference. In three experiments with semen samples from a single individual capacitated at 4 degrees C for 1, 2 or 3 days in TEST-Yolk buffer we obtained 33, 30 and 34 sperm karyotypes respectively. No significant differences in the sex ratio was exhibited between these experiments; the number of chromosome anomalies was too low to allow statistical analysis. Our results suggest that TEST-Yolk capacitation for 1, 2 or 3 days does not induce significant variations in the frequency and type of chromosomal abnormalities in human spermatozoa.
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PMID:Chromosome abnormalities in human spermatozoa after albumin or TEST-Yolk capacitation. 195 44

The luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of zymosan-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes is continuously diminished in the presence of increasing amounts of human serum albumin (from 1 to 30 mg/ml). HSA competes with luminol for hypochlorite as shown by adding sodium hypochlorite to luminol solutions containing HSA. Titration of HSA with NaOCl affects firstly the sulfhydryl and probably the thioether groups and then the amino groups. Coincubation of zymosan-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and HSA at a ratio corresponding to normal values of healthy men causes a continuous oxidation of sulphur containing functional groups in HSA.
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PMID:On the action of hypochlorite on human serum albumin. 196 76

We synthesized several para-aminophenyl (pap-) mannose-terminated albumins with varying sugar density (Man7-HSA, Man22-HSA, and Man40-HSA) and compared hepatic uptake with (thio-)mannose-terminated bovine serum albumin (Man-43-AI-BSA) The rate of uptake in isolated perfused rat livers was found to be positively correlated with the sugar density (Man40-HSA = Man22-HSA greater than Man7-HSA greater than HSA). Immunohistochemical staining of liver sections showed for both types of neoglycoproteins that uptake occurred in nonparenchymal cells only. Competition experiments with a 500-fold excess of mannan, a known ligand for the mannose/N-acetylglucosamine receptor, that is predominantly localized in endothelial cells, showed complete inhibition of the (thio-)Man43-AI-BSA uptake. In the case of (pap-)mannose-terminated albumins, however, the extent of inhibition by mannan was moderate and decreased markedly with increasing sugar density, being only 20% for (pap-)Man40-HSA. Therefore, we hypothesized that one or more additional removal systems contributed to the clearance of these (pap-)mannose glycoproteins. We found that net negative charge of the (pap-)mannose albumins clearly increased with increasing sugar density, as shown on fast protein liquid chromatography anion-exchange chromatograms. To determine whether the scavenger receptor system that is also mainly present on endothelial cells is involved, we performed competition studies with strongly negatively charged substrates, such as dextran sulfate and formaldehyde-treated human serum albumin (fHSA). An excess of dextran sulfate (500 kDa), indeed blocked the (pap-)mannose-albumin uptake for more than 95%. Dextran sulfate completely inhibited the hepatic uptake of mannan as well, indicating that the polyanion does not discriminate between the scavenger system and the mannose receptor system and should be regarded as an aspecific inhibitor of receptor-mediated endocytotic pathways. Surprisingly, a 500-fold excess of fHSA only moderately (20%) inhibited the clearance of (pap-)Man40-HSA in spite of its high affinity for the scavenger receptor. However, a combination of mannan and fHSA strongly inhibited the uptake of (pap-)Man22-HSA (90%) and to a lesser extent (pap-)Man40-HSA (80%), indicating that a third uptake mechanism may exist that recognizes both mannose groups (or other sugars) and net negative charge. This so far unnoticed receptor system apparently is strongly affected by dextran sulfate and, as shown by immunohistochemistry, is mainly localized on Kupffer cells rather than on the endothelial cells of the liver.
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PMID:Hepatic endocytosis of various types of mannose-terminated albumins. What is important, sugar recognition, net charge, or the combination of these features. 199 7

In five patients who have experienced anaphylaxis and in 29 patients who have not had such episodes during hemodialysis, we have performed two immunologic studies: cutaneous testing with ethylene oxide-human serum albumin (ETO-HSA) and ELISA for IgE against ETO-HSA. Four of five patients with reactions had positive cutaneous tests, whereas only one nonreactor had a positive skin test (p less than 0.0002). The same four of five patients with reactions also had positive ELISA results, whereas three nonreactors has positive ELISA results (p less than 0.003). In this group of patients, the positive predictive value of cutaneous testing (80%) is somewhat higher than that of ELISA testing (57%). However, the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values are similar. We conclude that cutaneous testing with ETO-HSA probably offers a small advantage over IgE against ETO-HSA as determined by ELISA.
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PMID:A comparison of cutaneous testing and ELISA testing for assessing reactivity to ethylene oxide-human serum albumin in hemodialysis patients with anaphylactic reactions. 200 19

HSA structure was studied in healthy subjects and cancer patients using infrared spectroscopy. No significant differences were observed although the intensity of valent C-H fluctuation lines in alkyl groups of HSA was slightly increased in cancer patients. Gas-liquid chromatography established changes in the profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids binding to HSA in cancer patients. The data obtained suggest inhibition of omega-6 pathway of fatty acid metabolism and activation of omega-3 pathway. Marked binding of POL products to serum albumin was found nonspecific and was considered evidence of protective function of that protein.
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PMID:[A structural-functional assessment of serum albumin in cancerous diseases]. 203 23

The vascular leakage induced by histamine, bradykinin, serotonin and prostaglandin E1 and E2 was assessed. The test agents were injected intradermally into the shaved thoracic skin of horses and the vascular leakage estimated either semi-quantitatively by recording the diameter of the lesions or by measuring the actual volume of extravasated plasma in microliters using iodine-125-labelled human serum albumin (125I-HSA) as a marker in the blood plasma. Using the latter method, the vascular leakage induced by carrageenin and the effect of coadministered prostaglandins E1 and E2 upon the vascular leakage of both histamine and bradykinin were also investigated. No obvious lesions resulted when serotonin (10(-2) mol/l) was injected but histamine and bradykinin produced circular lesions which increased in diameter for approximately 30 min. The size of the lesions and volume of extravasated plasma was dose dependent. On a molar basis, bradykinin (10(-6) mol/l, 10(-5) mol/l) was more potent than histamine but they were equipotent at 10(-4) mol/l. The size of the lesions induced by carrageenin were independent of their anatomical location on the thorax. Except for the second hour, the hourly volume of vascular leakage increased until the fifth hour when the experiment was concluded. The maximum vascular leakage resulting from the injection of prostaglandin E1 or E2 (1, 10, 100 or 1000 ng) was 7 microliters but when co-administered with bradykinin (10(-6) mol/l), the volume of leaked plasma increased from 29 to 78 microliters. No synergy was observed when either prostaglandin was co-administered with histamine (10(-5) mol/l).
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PMID:Assessment of histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins E1 and E2 and carrageenin as vascular permeability agents in the horse. 203 96

Adsorbed albumin appears to passivate nearly all materials, minimizing platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. Since in vitro platelet spreading can be an indicator of in vivo reactivity leading to thrombosis, and as in vitro platelet adhesion investigations are routinely done in the presence of bovine or human serum albumin (BSA or HSA), we examined the influence of albumin on platelet reactivity to material substrates. Platelet spreading was examined subsequent to adherence onto several related polyurethanes, and to Formvar, in the presence of bulk albumin concentrations sufficient to form an adsorbed monolayer or a multilayer. No other exogenous proteins were present. The spreading behavior of adherent platelets was analyzed using generalized linear interactive modeling (GLIM). The models showed that the polymer type always influenced platelet responses, irrespective of the albumin concentration. In many experiments, platelet behavior could be adequately modeled without including the effects of albumin. Thus, the polymer type appeared to be the primary determinant of platelet shape-change with adsorbed albumin producing a secondary effect. Additionally, somewhat different effects on spreading were observed with HSA and BSA, suggesting qualitatively different interactions between human platelets and HSA, than with BSA, which is commonly used in platelet preparations.
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PMID:The effects of substrate-adsorbed albumin on platelet spreading. 205 33


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