Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0393754 (HSA)
 2,996 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The deposition of antigens and immune complexes (IC) in the renal glomerulus is charge-dependent. The demonstration that molecules of net anionic charge, but with discrete positively charged regions, exhibit affinity for the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) extends this concept. Charge hybrid (polar) molecules were constructed by covalently coupling small polycations (lysozyme or linear poly-L-lysine chains with a mean of 17 and 20 residues) to larger polyanions (ovalbumin or human serum albumin (HSA]. Although the products were of overall net anionic charge they still bound to glomerular structures. Immunofluorescence studies performed after i.v. injection of the samples into rats revealed that HSA:poly-L-lysine had the highest affinity. Radioisotopic measurements showed uptake of HSA:poly-L-lysine to be a function of the number of lysine residues; binding of HSA:poly-L-lysine20 was 2.5 times higher than HSA:poly-L-lysine17 (P less than 0.01). Prior injection of a small competing polycation (polyethyleneimine 1200) reduced uptake of HSA:poly-L-lysine by 75%, indicating the charge-based nature of the interaction. HSA:poly-L-lysine20 alone was effectively eliminated from the glomeruli within 72 h. Administration of HSA:poly-L-lysine followed by anti-HSA antibody induced immune complex formation in the capillary wall, giving rise to a granular immunofluorescence pattern and discrete subendothelial and subepithelial deposits. Molecules with polar structure do occur naturally and may contribute to immune complex formation in glomerulonephritis.
 ...
PMID:Surface charge distribution is a determinant of antigen deposition in the renal glomerulus: studies employing 'charge-hybrid' molecules. 174 55

A major metabolite of diflunisal (DF) is its reactive acyl glucuronide conjugate (DAG) which can undergo hydrolysis (regeneration of DF), intramolecular rearrangement (isomerization via acyl migration) and intermolecular reactions with nucleophiles. We have compared the fate of DAG and its individual 2-, 3- and 4-O-acyl positional isomers (at ca. 55 micrograms DF equivalents/mL) after incubation with human serum albumin (HSA, 40 mg/mL) at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees. Initial half-lives (T1/2) for DAG and its 2-, 3- and 4-isomers were 53, 75, 61 and 26 min, respectively. DAG was more labile to hydrolysis than any of its isomers but the latter, in particular the 4-isomer, were much better substrates for formation of covalent DF-HSA adducts. After a 2-hr incubation, 2.4, 8.2, 13.7 and 36.6% of substrate DAG and its 2-, 3- and 4-isomers (respectively) were present as DF-HSA adducts. With long term incubation, the concentrations of adducts so generated in situ declined in a biphasic manner, with apparent terminal T1/2 values of ca. 28 days. DAG was much more labile to transacylation with methanol (i.e. formation of DF methyl ester) than an equimolar mixture of its isomers after incubation in a 1:1 methanol:pH 7.4 buffer solution at 37 degrees (T1/2 values of 5 and 70 min, respectively). The data do not support direct transacylation with nucleophilic groups on protein as the predominant mechanism of formation of covalent DF-HSA adducts in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Studies on the reactivity of acyl glucuronides--II. Interaction of diflunisal acyl glucuronide and its isomers with human serum albumin in vitro. 176 15

To evaluate the clinical usefulness of lymphoscintigraphy using 99Tcm human serum albumin (99Tc-HSA) in assessing lymphoedema in the lower extremities, lymphoscintigraphy was performed by subcutaneous injection of 7.4 MBq of 99Tcm-HSA in 26 patients with uterine cancer, previously treated by operation (OP) and/or radiation therapy (RT), and in five controls. Radioactivity at the injection site in the lower extremities was counted for 3 min at 10 min (A) and at 3 h (B) after injection, and clearance of 99Tcm-HSA was defined as (1-(B)/(A)) x 100(%). Clearance in controls was 46.8 +/- 3.9%, which was significantly more than those in the other treatment groups. Clearances in patients treated with both OP and RT were less than those in patients treated with either OP or RT alone (30.1 +/- 11.4 vs. 41.9 +/- 8.9, 43.7 +/- 9.6%, respectively; p less than 0.01). The clearance in legs with lymphoedema was less than those without lymphoedema in patients treated with both OP and RT (16.6 +/- 7.7 vs. 34.9 +/- 9.3%; p less than 0.01) and in patients treated with RT (33.1 +/- 7.4 vs. 48.0 +/- 5.6%; p less than 0.01). There was a significant difference between clearance in controls and clearance in non-oedematous patients' legs treated with OP and RT (p less than 0.01). In patients treated with RT alone, radiation dose was closely correlated with 99Tcm-HSA clearance and with the development of lymphoedema. These data suggest that lymphoscintigraphy using 99Tcm-HSA is useful in evaluating lymphoedema and that radiation dose is one of the factors in the development of lymphoedema.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative lymphoscintigraphy using 99Tcm human serum albumin in patients with previously treated uterine cancer. 177 71

Intravenously injected human serum albumin, labeled with radioactive iodine ([125I]HSA), accumulates at inflammatory foci in proportion to the volume of the exudate, making it possible to quantify the volume of edema. This paper describes the use of [125I]HSA to measure edema formation in the carrageenin rat-footpad model, both continuously and at a single time point. In assessing antiinflammatory agents, the method was shown to be more sensitive than the most commonly used technique of thickness measurement. Because anesthetics are known to suppress inflammation, the comparative effect of five anesthetic agents on the inflammatory response was determined. Ether was the only anesthetic tested that did not substantially inhibit the accumulation of edema. The technique overcomes many of the limitations of previously used procedures and has the potential to become the method of choice when assessing edema in the rat footpad.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of antiinflammatory agents using 125I-labeled human serum albumin to quantify footpad edema volume in the rat. 179 45

The aim of the present study was to determine whether 99mTc-labelled polyclonal human immunoglobulin (99mTc-HIG) binds to bacteria in vitro as well as in vivo. In vitro, the binding of 99mTc-HIG to various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined. In vivo, mice were infected with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (protein A rich) or S. aureus EMS (protein A deficient) in a thigh muscle and then 99mTc-HIG or 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA) was administered; scintigrams were made 1, 4, and 18 h later. In vitro binding of 99mTc-HIG to bacteria was higher for gram-positive than for gram-negative forms. A positive correlation was found between the protein A content and the degree of binding to S. aureus. This was also found in vivo. The accumulation of 99mTc-HIG at the site of infection was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than that of 99mTc-HSA, for both strains of S. aureus. It is concluded that vascular permeability cannot fully explain the accumulation of 99mTc-HIG at the site of infection and that binding of 99mTc-HIG to bacteria plays a role in this respect.
 ...
PMID:Binding of 99mTc-labelled polyclonal human immunoglobulin to bacteria as a mechanism for scintigraphic detection of infection. 183 61

Technetium-99m HSA (human serum albumin) is a nanometer-sized albumin-based inert colloid, which has a specific ability to accumulate in inflamed soft tissue lesions. With a particle size smaller than 30 nm, Tc-99m HSA spills into the extravascular space in the sites of inflammation because of the changed capillary permeability. The conventional tracer in joint scintigraphy, technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m-MDP) is a boneseeking compound, which strongly accumulates in the epiphyseal area of growing bones. This makes the estimation of the inflammatory process in the joints of growing children difficult. The nanocolloid compound has not this disturbing tendency. This fact makes the joint scans more specific and the detection of inflammatory lesions is easier especially in children. In our study Tc-99m HSA is used for the detection of rheumatic inflammation in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. We examined 24 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, age 3-19 years, 20 girls and 4 boys, who all had clinically active inflammation in the joints or in the tendon sheets. The uptake pattern of nanocolloid parallels the severity of the inflammatory process in periarticular tissues and tendon sheets. In suspicious cases, the comparison with the contralateral area helps in the detection of the lesion. Therefore, when investigating paired joints, the scintigraphy of symmetrical parts is necessary.
 ...
PMID:Technetium-99m nanocolloid scintigraphy in rheumatic inflammation in children. 184 10

In a majority of patients with anaphylaxis to dialysis, ethylene oxide has been identified as an etiologic agent. In a significant minority of patients sustaining such reactions, the antigen remains unidentified. Conflicting results have been published with regard to isocyanates as a possible antigen. The authors studied 19 hemodialysis patients with anaphylaxis in whom IgE against ethylene oxide-human serum albumin (ETO-HSA) was not identified (Group 1) and 25 peritoneal dialysis patients without anaphylaxis (Group 2). IgE against toluene diisocyanate-human serum albumin (TDI-HSA) was found in one patient in Group 1, and a similar incidence of IgG against TDI-HSA in Group 1 (16%) and Group 2 (12%) was noted. The results do not suggest that IgE against TDI-HSA is an important cause of dialysis anaphylaxis.
 ...
PMID:Antibodies to toluene diisocyanate in patients with and without dialysis anaphylaxis. 184 99

A 48-year-old man with small cell lung cancer developed ARDS, and massive pulmonary edema fluid was obtained with the fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The pulmonary edema fluid to serum ratios of total protein and albumin were 0.72 and 0.85 respectively. The ratio of LDH was higher (2.71), while that of cholesterol was lower (0.11) than that of total protein. Simultaneously, isopropyl N [I-123] p iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) and I-131 human serum albumin (I-131 HSA) were injected into this patient. Samples of blood and pulmonary edema fluid were collected to measure the clearance through the pulmonary microvasculature. The time activity curves of I-123 IMP and I-131 HSA in his blood samples revealed almost constant radioactivity from 5 minutes to 120 minutes after injection, while both radioactivity levels in pulmonary edema fluid samples increased with time. The clearance ratio of I-123 IMP to I-131 HSA was constant at each sampling time (mean +/- SD, 1.51 +/- 0.32). The linear correlation between I-123 IMP clearance and I-131 HSA clearance (r = 0.95, p less than 0.01) suggested that the clearance ratio of exudative plasma components may remain unchanged even if pulmonary microvasculature permeability has changed.
 ...
PMID:[Assessment of the permeability of the pulmonary microvasculature using radiotracers in a case of adult respiratory distress syndrome]. 185 5

The use of a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) to confirm allergic contact dermatitis from thiurams has been investigated. The responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from thiuram-sensitive and non-sensitive individuals following culture with dimethylcarbamoyl-protein (human serum albumin; HSA) and dimethylthiocarbamoyl-HSA conjugates has been compared. Only PBMC from those patients who were patch-test-positive with thiuram-mix and sensitized to tetramethylthiuram monosulphide (TMTM) or TMTM and tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD) exhibited significant proliferative responses to these conjugates. Thiuram-patch-test-negative patients and control donors with no history of allergic contact dermatitis failed to mount a significant response to any concentration of either conjugate. Two of the thiuram-sensitive patients were also nickel-patch-test-positive, and PBMC isolated from these donors, but not from nickel-patch-test-negative patients, proved positive in a nickel LTT. The data reveal that relevant hapten-protein conjugates are capable of provoking specific human lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro, and that, using this technique, the LTT can, in principle, be used for the investigation and/or diagnosis of skin sensitization to lipophilic contact allergens.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocyte transformation and thiuram sensitization. 186 98

This study was performed to provide information on the determinants of lymph flow by comparing the effect of venous stasis and hypoproteinaemia in the rat tail. This low-compliant tissue was chosen in an attempt to induce preferential changes in interstitial pressure or volume. The removal rate (kAlb) of 125I-labelled human serum albumin (I-HSA) injected subcutaneously was monitored with external gamma-counting equipment and used as a measure of lymph flow. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) was measured with wick-in-needle technique, and interstitial fluid was collected post mortem by dry wicks. Colloid osmotic pressure of plasma (COPp) and wick fluid (COPi) was measured with a colloid osmometer. In a separate group of experiments, 51Cr-EDTA and [125I]HSA were used to measure the interstitial fluid volume. Venous stasis, induced by bilateral ligation of the external tail veins, increased interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure from 1.7 to 16 mmHg and kAlb from 0.030 to 0.063 h-1, whereas tail circumference was nearly constant. Interstitial volume averaged 1.17 ml/g dry weight in control animals and 1.27 ml/g during increased venous pressure. Daily injections of aminonucleoside in salt-loaded rats (0.3% NaCl as drinking water) reduced colloid osmotic pressure of plasma from 19.1 to 8.5 mmHg and of wick fluid from 11.2 to 2.9 mmHg, while interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure increased to 5.2 mmHg. The removal rate of 125I-labelled human serum albumin increased to 0.113 h-1, compared to 0.051 h-1 in salt-loaded controls. The interstitial volume showed a marked increase in salt-loaded hypoproteinaemic rats, 1.75 ml/g dry weight, compared to 1.30 ml/g in salt-loaded controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effect of longstanding venous stasis and hypoproteinaemia on lymph flow in the rat tail. 187 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>