Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0393754 (HSA)
 2,996 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of immunization with dinitrophenylated human serum albumin (DNP-HSA) at a young age on the development of age-related monoclonal gammapathies (MG) was investigated in a longitudinal study in intact and neonatally thymectomized (NTx) C57BL/KaLwRij and CBA/BrARij mice. Three-month-old mice were immunized four times in monthly intervals with DNP-HSA. Control mice received saline and adjuvant only. Mice immunized with DNP-HSA responded with heterogeneous antibodies, occasionally with some clonal dominance. The antibody levels further declined and were hardly detectable when the mice were 21 months old. Eighteen of 87 experimental mice developed homogeneous antibody components (H-Ab) to DNP-HSA with aging. Their frequencies per individual groups were 5, 22, 24, and 29% for intact CBA, NTx-CBA, NTx-C57BL, and intact C57BL mice, respectively. Some H-Ab had the same mobility and similar spectrotypes as dominant clonal products at the peak of the response. However, the majority of H-Ab appearing at old age were "new" H-Ab. While most of H-Ab in the CBA mice were transient and of a low concentration, the majority of H-Ab in the C57BL mice had all characteristics of a benign monoclonal gammapathy. The results indicate that memory cells of the B cell clones involved in the original specific response may in a susceptible strain become targets for events leading to the development of benign monoclonal gammapathy.
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PMID:Development of aging-associated monoclonal gammapathies with antibody activity to the antigen used for immunization of young mice. 137 4

A novel fluorescence assay for HSA is described. It is based on longwave-absorbing probes that selectively bind to HSA to form fluorescent complexes. The two probes reported here (Albumin Blue 633 and Albumin Blue 670) are tailored to match the lines of the 633-nm HeNe laser and the 670-nm diode laser, respectively. In both cases, the strong laser-induced fluorescence of the HSA/probe complexes makes the assay sensitive to HSA at trace levels. Detection limits of 0.2 mg/liter were obtained. In addition to its sensitivity, the assay is highly selective for HSA in that the response to other serum proteins is weaker by a factor of at least 100. It also works well on urine, and no significant interferences could be located. Potential interferents are bovine serum albumin and some detergents. Parameters of the probe--HSA interaction were obtained from a Scatchard evaluation. The high specificity and sensitivity of the assay are discussed in terms of molecular geometry of the probes. A photophysical mechanism that leads to the effect is proposed. The assay presents a promising alternative to immunological determinations of HSA since it is less expensive and much more quickly performed.
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PMID:Laser-induced fluorometric determination of albumin using longwave absorbing molecular probes. 137 2

The brain uptake index (BUI) method of Oldendorf was used to examine blood-brain barrier (BBB) drug transport in mice, rats, and rabbits; felbamate (FBM) extraction (E) in a single transcapillary passage was 5-20%, and drug uptake in rat brain was not concentration-dependent. Like diazepam, FBM was retained in mouse brain. To ensure that radioactivity measurements reflected the disposition of parent drug and not some metabolite, extracts of mouse brain were prepared for further analysis. No FBM metabolites were detected in brain 5 min after administration: In silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC), a single [14C]FBM peak was detected--Rf = 0.504 (70:30 acetone:hexane). Confirmatory high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations [30% methanol, 1.3 ml/min, C18 column, ultraviolet (UV) detection 254 nm] indicated a single peak containing greater than 93% of the radioactivity in the FBM fraction (12-min retention time). In a single transit through the liver (a nonbarrier tissue with fenestrated capillaries), FBM E was 82%. The octanol:buffered saline partition coefficient of FBM was (log PFBM =) 0.54 +/- 0.01. Thus, lipid-mediated BBB penetration of FBM is similar to that of phenytoin (PHT) and phenobarbital (PB). Plasma proteins do not affect FBM entry to the brain: neither human serum, nor bovine or human serum albumin (BSA, HSA), nor human alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) significantly modified BBB FBM extraction. Erythrocyte-borne FBM may also dissociate and gain access to the brain in a single transcapillary passage. Differences between newborn and adult rabbit BBB FBM extraction and between different anesthetic agents are attributable to cerebral blood flow (CBF) rates. The permeability-surface area products (PS = [CBF].[E]) for FBM in rats, rabbits, and mice were 0.09, 0.16 and 0.30 ml/min/g, respectively. Preliminary autoradiographic analyses of frozen brain sections suggest that [14C]FBM distributes relatively uniformly throughout the brain and that minor variations apparently are a function of differing CBF rates.
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PMID:Blood-brain barrier penetration of felbamate. 139 40

In a retrospective comparison of two worker cohorts with elevated total antibody against trimellitic anhydride (TMA) conjugated to human serum albumin (TM-HSA), IgG subclass antibodies against TMA were studied in 19 workers with and 12 workers without TMA-induced immunologic lung disease. The main outcome measures were ELISA index of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 against TM-HSA. There were no statistically significant differences in levels of any IgG subclass between these two groups. Neither were there any statistically significant differences when workers without lung disease were compared with subgroups of workers with lung disease, such as late respiratory systemic syndrome (n = 8), asthma/rhinitis (n = 6), or both (n = 5). In TMA workers with elevated total antibody against TM-HSA, IgG subclasses against TM-HSA in workers with TMA-induced immunologic lung disease were not different from workers without disease.
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PMID:IgG subclass antibody against trimellitic anhydride in workers with and without immunologic lung diseases. 140 99

Human serum albumin fluorescence quenching by fluorene-9-spiro-oxazolidinedione has been analyzed as a function of temperature. Such temperature dependence suggests that the mechanism of the quenching process is static in origin. This type of quenching implies that a non-fluorescent complex between oxazolidinedione and serum albumin has been formed and following the Stern-Volmer relationship we have calculated the binding constant. Thermodynamic parameters were also determined. The positive and large values of entropy and the negative value for enthalpy suggest that both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions may play an important role in the stabilization of the complex. Finally, the irreversible changes in the spectral properties of HSA are interpreted in binding terms.
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PMID:Fluorescence quenching studies on binding fluoreno-9-spiro-oxazolidinedione to human serum albumin. 142 41

We used a BALB/c model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), an IgE-mediated, mast cell-dependent reaction, to demonstrate the early production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA and protein product. Northern blot analysis detects IL-6 mRNA 1, and 2 hours after antigen challenge (dinitrophenyl30-40 human serum albumin [DNP30-40-HSA]) and in situ hybridization reveals that it is primarily cells with round-to-oval nuclei within the dermis (1 to 3 per high-power field) expressing IL-6 mRNA. Immunohistochemistry revealed perinuclear and cytoplasmic staining for immunoreactive IL-6 in mononuclear dermal cells and also cells within the basal keratinocyte layer. Injection of recombinant murine IL-6 (rmIL-6) either systemically or locally during antidinitrophenyl IgE skin sensitization resulted in increased vasopermeability at the PCA site after DNP30-40-HSA. However, this increased permeability was not associated with a change in the character of the cellular infiltrate at the PCA site 8 hours later. Although the specific role of IL-6 in the generation of the allergic response remains unknown, its detection during PCA unequivocally demonstrates that IL-6 be considered one of the mediators identified in inflammation that follows allergic reactions.
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PMID:Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mouse skin is associated with local accumulation of interleukin-6 mRNA and immunoreactive interleukin-6 protein. 143 Jul 7

The characteristics of technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid human serum albumin (99mTc-DTPA-HSA) as an agent for quantitation of cerebral blood volume (CBV) were examined. The radioactivity after decay correction as a percentage of the activity at 10 minutes was 84.3 +/- 1.3% at 120 minutes after the injection of 99mTc-DTPA-HSA. Radioactivity was found exclusively in plasma, with little in blood cells. The blood retention of 99mTc-DTPA-HSA is sufficient, and its use in the quantitation of CBV omits the need for centrifugation of the blood sample. CBV quantified using the tracer and a SPECT system with a single-head rotating gamma camera was 4.09 +/- 0.60 ml/100 g brain, similar to values reported previously. Two serial SPECT scans provided similar images, and the CBV values determined by the two scans were closely correlated (p < 0.001). The high reproducibility suggests that the method may be used to monitor the cerebrovascular response to drugs. It was concluded that 99mTc-DTPA-HSA has useful properties for quantitative CBV measurement and that quantitation of CBV by 99mTc-DTPA-HSA SPECT is feasible using a system with a single-head rotating gamma camera.
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PMID:Quantitation of cerebral blood volume by 99mTc-DTPA-HSA SPECT. 143 26

This is a report of 46 employees exposed to trimellitic anhydride (TMA). The evaluation consisted primarily of periodic serum antibody studies and a questionnaire that identified symptoms compatible with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis, late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS), or pulmonary disease anemia (PDA) syndrome. Industrial hygiene data from the plant in 1989 reported exposures that were lower than levels in 1979. Seven employees had positive IgE antibody against trimellityl-human serum albumin (TM-HSA); one had TMA rhinitis, and another possibly had TMA asthma/rhinitis. Fourteen employees had positive IgG antibody against TM-HSA of whom only three had titers high enough to cause disease, and none of them had symptoms compatible with LRSS or PDA. At most, two workers had asthma or rhinitis during the 1990 evaluation. In summary, in this employee population with low level TMA exposure there is a low incidence of immunologically mediated disease due to TMA.
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PMID:A cross-sectional survey of 46 employees exposed to trimellitic anhydride. 150 55

Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) infected with Leishmania donovani develop a disease similar to human kala-azar. There is conspicuous hypergammaglobulinaemia and their T cells do not respond to stimulation by parasite antigens. The impairment of the cellular immune response seems to be restricted to parasite antigens since infected animals are able to develop a T cell response to the mitogen Concanavalin A (Con-A) and, after sensitization, to the antigens keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and human serum albumin (DNP-HSA). In the present investigations we studied the role played by infected macrophages in the development of the cellular unresponsiveness present in visceral leishmaniasis. Adherent spleen cells from infected hamsters were unable to present L. donovani antigens to antigen specific T cells, however they were able to present KLH. Conversely, T cells from infected animals did not respond to parasite antigens even when these antigens were presented by normal syngeneic macrophages. Interestingly, lymphocytes from inguinal lymph nodes of infected animals sensitized in their foot pad with parasite antigens proliferated well when stimulated in vitro with L. donovani antigens. These results suggest that the defect in the cellular immune response of the L. donovani infected hamsters is a consequence of a selective inability of their antigen presenting cells to process and present parasite antigens to T cells.
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PMID:Selective inability of spleen antigen presenting cells from Leishmania donovani infected hamsters to mediate specific T cell proliferation to parasite antigens. 155 30

We measured the binding of a drug oxyphenylbutazone to the N-terminal peptic fragment of human serum albumin in 0.1 M Tris buffer, pH 8.0 (Kass = 2.4 10(5) M-1) and in reverse micelles of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate and buffer in isooctane (Kass. = 2.7 10(5) M-1). In the absence of any measured change in conformation of the fragment in reverse micelles, the peptide affinity for the drug is not decreased, in contrast to what is observed in intact albumin (HSA) under similar conditions. The interaction and the subsequent unfolding of HSA at the membrane-mimetic interface, constitutes thus a drug release-facilitating mechanism.
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PMID:A drug release-facilitating mechanism for human serum albumin in reverse micelles: requirement of a structural switch. 155 38


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