Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0392680 (shortness of breath)
 5,217 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Success in lung transplantation has been hindered by airway complications, usually as a result of anastomotic ischemia and stenosis. We report our experience with expanding metal stents in managing airway stenoses after lung transplantation. From April 1984 through November 1993, 46 single lung, 5 double lung, and 154 heart-lung transplantations were performed at Papworth Hospital. All patients received immunosuppression with azathioprine, cyclosporine, methylprednisolone, and induction antithymocyte globulin. Fourteen patients (nine single lung, two double lung, and three heart-lung) had an airway stenosis requiring a stent. The most common features were shortness of breath, wheezing or stridor, and a fall in pulmonary function tests (11 patients). Three patients had pneumonia. Airway stenosis was diagnosed on bronchoscopy an average of 61 days after transplantation (range 3 to 245 days). Stent placement occurred an average of 18 days after the diagnosis (range 2 to 84 days). One heart-lung transplant recipient received a silicone rubber stent. All other patients received expanding metal stents. Six patients required multiple stent placements. After stent placement the average increase in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 117%. Infection complicated the stenoses in 12 patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus were the most common pathogens, each occurring in six cases. Multiple pathogens were isolated in seven cases. Three patients died as a direct consequence of their airway problems. Two died of pneumonia despite stenting, and a third died of acute occlusion of the silicone rubber stent. Expanding metal stents are an effective treatment of airway stenoses in lung transplant recipients. Patients with suspected airway problems should be referred for early bronchoscopy with the potential for stent placement.
 ...
PMID:Airway stenoses after lung transplantation: management with expanding metal stents. 780 17

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of house dust mite allergen in bedroom floor dust on respiratory health of children with asthmatic symptoms. Two hundred and twenty eight school children with reported attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing in the past year and/or with doctor-diagnosed asthma, were included in the study. Data on home characteristics, both past and present, were obtained. These included data on allergen avoidance measures because of the child's respiratory health. Dust samples were taken from the child's bedroom floor, and the allergen Der p I of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssionus was measured. Health diaries were kept over 4 weeks. Acute respiratory symptoms and medication usage were recorded daily. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured using Mini-Wright peak flow meters three times daily. Levels of Der p I in dust from carpeted floors were significantly higher than in dust from smooth floors. We found a positive relationship of Der p I levels, in floor dust collected from carpeted floors, with PEF-variability and also with the prevalence of wheeze, shortness of breath, and attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing during the observation period. The effects on peak flow variability was larger in children allergic to house dust than in children not allergic to house dust. Peak flow variability was significantly increased at exposure levels well below 10,000 ng Der p I.g-1 dust, which has been suggested to be a "threshold" for increased risk symptoms among sensitized asthmatics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:House dust mite allergen in bedroom floor dust and respiratory health of children with asthmatic symptoms. 792 3

In this two year retrospective review, 86 cases of chlorine gas inhalation from 49 medical facilities were treated with nebulized sodium bicarbonate on the recommendation of the Kentucky Regional Poison Center. Typical manifestations included cough, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and wheezing. No patients developed pulmonary edema or respiratory insufficiency requiring ventilatory support. Sixty-three cases (73.3%) were exposures to chlorine producing acid/hypochlorite mixtures. Six (7.0%) were exposed to chlorine gas in industrial settings. Twelve (14.0%) were exposed to chlorine gas in swimming pool settings. Sixty-nine (80.2%) were treated and released from the emergency department. In 53 patients, clinical condition was clearly improved on emergency department discharge. Seventeen (19.8%) were admitted to the hospital. All admitted patients gradually improved and had a mean hospital stay of 1.4 days (range 1 to 3 days). No patients in this study deteriorated clinically after nebulized sodium bicarbonate use. Nebulized sodium bicarbonate appears safe and merits prospective evaluation in the therapy of chlorine gas inhalation.
 ...
PMID:Nebulized sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of chlorine gas inhalation. 800 31

Effects of indoor environmental factors on children's respiratory system and pulmonary function tests were investigated in this study. A total of 617 primary school children aged between 9-12 years were included. A standard questionnaire, which includes questions about respiratory symptoms and illness, indoor environmental determinants, family history of respiratory diseases, and smoking habits of the parents, was sent to homes of all children and information was obtained from parents. Children with a family history of asthma, bronchitis, or other chest troubles suffered morning and day/night coughs, shortness of breath, wheezing and asthma, bronchitis, or pneumonia more frequently. Children whose mothers smoked complained of blocked-runny nose and sinusitis more frequently. Pulmonary function levels were diminished in passive smokers and in children whose houses were heated by a wood-burning stove. As a result, passive smoking, using a wood-burning stove for heating, and family history of respiratory diseases are to be considered risk factors for the respiratory system.
 ...
PMID:Effects of indoor environmental factors on respiratory systems of children. 801 25

In a double-blind, double-placebo, randomized crossover study, we compared the effects of 6 wk of treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug nedocromil sodium (16 mg/day) with 6 wk of treatment with the bronchodilator drug albuterol (800 micrograms/day) in 29 adults with allergic asthma. After 3 and 6 wk of treatment with nedocromil sodium, patients were significantly less hyperresponsive to propranolol (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02) and almost significantly less hyperresponsive to histamine (p = 0.071 and p = 0.065). FEV1 and FVC percent predicted tended to be higher, morning PEF values increased significantly (p = 0.038 and p = 0.03), and diurnal and day-to-day PEF variation decreased (p = 0.03 and p = 0.093, p = 0.005 and p = 0.096, respectively) with nedocromil sodium treatment compared with albuterol treatment. Almost all symptoms (daytime and nighttime asthma, wheezing, shortness of breath) and the additional bronchodilator use were significantly reduced with nedocromil sodium treatment compared with albuterol treatment. Treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug nedocromil sodium was shown to be superior to treatment with the bronchodilator drug albuterol. The patient's clinical situation may deteriorate when beta 2-agonists are used continuously. Nedocromil sodium has good clinical effect, and it may serve as a first-line choice for antiinflammatory therapy in asthma.
 ...
PMID:Nedocromil sodium versus albuterol in the management of allergic asthma. 811 6

Omeprazole is a substituted benzimidazole that has gained widespread use in the treatment of acidic and peptic ulcer disease. Adverse events with the drug are rare and involve mainly the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. Skin inflammation, urticaria, pruritus, alopecia, and dry skin have been reported in 0.5-1.5% of patients. To date, no published report has linked angioedema with omeprazole. We report a case of a 34-year-old woman with cellulitis, ulcerative erosive esophagitis, and gastric and duodenal ulcers who developed several hypersensitivity reactions characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, cough, mild angioedema, and total body urticaria and pruritus. These symptoms correlated with the addition of omeprazole to her regimen and the timing of its administration. A previous case report prompted a rechallenge with enteric-coated omeprazole granules removed from the capsule shell. Recurrence of the adverse events suggested an allergy to the drug itself and not the capsule. Angioedema can be a life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate treatment. Rechallenge using omeprazole with or without the capsule shell should be done only in a hospital setting where prompt action can be taken in the event of an emergency.
 ...
PMID:Angioedema and urticaria associated with omeprazole confirmed by drug rechallenge. 815 96

A cross sectional study was carried out to determine whether schoolchildren in a specific locality exposed to pollution from steam coal dust have an excess of respiratory symptoms compared with children in control areas. A total of 1872 primary schoolchildren (aged 5-11 years) from five primary schools in the Bootle dock area of Liverpool (exposed area), five primary schools in South Sefton (control area), and five primary schools in Wallasey (control area) were studied. A questionnaire was distributed through the schools and was completed by the parents of the children. The questionnaire inquired about respiratory symptoms (cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath), allergy, atopy, smoking, and socioeconomic factors. Height, weight, and peak expiratory flow were measured. Compliance was good (92%) and similar in the three study areas. The children in the three areas were of similar mean age (7.5 years), height (1.24 m), sex ratio, and had a similar prevalence of paternal (6.2%) and maternal (7%) asthma. The exposed zone contained more unemployed parents (41, 29, and 29% respectively), more rented housing (64, 45, 34%), and more smoking parents (71, 60, 59%) than the control areas. Respiratory symptoms were significantly more common in the exposed area, including wheeze (25.0, 20.6, and 17.5%), excess cough (40.0, 23.4, and 25.1%), and school absences for respiratory symptoms (47.5, 35.9, and 34.9%). These differences remained significant even if the groups were subdivided according to whether or not parents smoked or were employed. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed the exposed zone as a significant risk factor for absenteeism from school due to respiratory symptoms (odds ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 2.06) after adjusting for confounding factors. Standard dust deposit gauges on three schools confirmed a significantly higher dust burden in the exposed zone. An increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms in primary schoolchildren exposed to coal dust is confirmed. Although the association with known coal dust pollution is suggestive a cross sectional study cannot confirm a casual relation and further studies are needed.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory morbidity in Merseyside schoolchildren exposed to coal dust and air pollution. 818 64

The effect of immunotherapy on 21 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt)-sensitive patients (15 children with extrinsic asthma and six children with extrinsic asthma plus allergic rhinitis) aged 8.9 +/- 0.71 years was studied. Their subjective and objective respiratory symptom score was recorded before beginning and after the first year of immunotherapy. The respiratory subjective symptoms, such as cough day/night, running nose, sputum production, sneezing, shortness of breath at night and asthma attacks, decreased significantly from pretreatment level (P < 0.05). The objective symptoms, such as wheezing, dyspnea with prolonged expiration, sibilant rales and retractions score, gradually decreased during treatment (P < 0.01). Total eosinophil count decreased in 76.2% of patients after immunotherapy (P < 0.01). While total immunoglobulin E (IgE) decreased in 81% of patients and specific IgE for Dpt decreased in 90.5% of patients, specific IgG for Dpt increased in 76% of patient (P < 0.001). Our results suggested that rising IgG and falling IgE values do not always coexist in the patients who benefit from immunotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Effect of specific immunotherapy in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergic children. 820 58

Recently a consensus has emerged that health care research should address outcomes important to patients, especially quality of life, role performance, and functional status. The assessment of such outcomes is beset by conceptual and methodological difficulties that may be especially problematic for asthma. Nevertheless, several broad conclusions may be drawn about the use of measures of these outcomes in asthma research. Asthma usually is reasonably well controlled if patients are moderately adherent to their recommended regimens. Consequently, the beneficial impacts of interventions are likely to be small, and large samples are required to detect them. Outcome assessment should combine asthma-specific measures with generic measures applicable to a variety of conditions. Generic measures aimed at severely debilitating disease are less appropriate than measures designed for use in the general population. Asthma-specific measures should emphasize the incidence and impact of such symptoms as coughing, wheezing, sputum production, and shortness of breath. Current procedures for computing utility scores and cost-benefit ratios based on them have serious measurement limitations, and use of such scores should be postponed until those limitations are overcome. These assessment issues should be addressed separately for adults and children.
 ...
PMID:Measures of life quality, role performance, and functional status in asthma research. 829 67

To investigate the additive effect of oral theophylline on combined inhaled anticholinergic agent and beta 2-agonist therapy, 12 patients with stable COPD (64.6 +/- 5.9 years) completed a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of oral theophylline for a 4-week period (400 mg for 2 weeks, followed by 600 mg for 2 weeks). All of the patients continued to inhale both salbutamol, 200 micrograms, and ipratropium bromide, 40 micrograms, using a metered-dose inhaler four times a day. Spirometry was assessed before, and 15 and 60 min after the inhalation of bronchodilators at 2-week intervals. Even after the inhalation of salbutamol and ipratropium, theophylline significantly improved FEV1 and daily peak expiratory flow rate compared with the placebo. No significant improvement in the daily symptom scores for cough, sputum, wheezing, or shortness of breath was observed throughout the different phases of treatment. This study shows that the additive bronchodilating effect of theophylline, when used in combination with salbutamol, 200 micrograms, and ipratropium, 40 micrograms, is significant but small in stable COPD. The addition of theophylline did not significantly improve the patient's symptoms. Oral theophylline, when used in combination with an inhaled anticholinergic agent and an inhaled beta 2-agonist, may be of limited value in the treatment of stable COPD.
 ...
PMID:Is oral theophylline effective in combination with both inhaled anticholinergic agent and inhaled beta 2-agonist in the treatment of stable COPD? 832 65


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>