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Query: UMLS:C0392680 (shortness of breath)
 5,217 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The toxicity of sulfur oxides is discussed briefly. The effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) are largely confined to the upper airways except during exercise or if the gas is taken up by a carrier aerosol. SO2 may be adsorbed as a monomolecular layer on dry particles, such as elemental carbon, or dissolved in aqueous droplets. Hydrated SO2 forms bisulfite and sulfite ions, which are rapidly oxidized (detoxified) by sulfite oxidase, an enzyme, to form sulfate. SO2 in carrier aerosols (dry or aqueous solutions) may be oxidized to sulfuric acid. The mixture of SO2 (1 ppm) and a droplet of sodium chloride (1 mg/m3) has been shown to be synergistic in guinea pigs. In healthy adults, the same gas-aerosol mixture caused no functional lung changes at rest (two separate studies), but did cause significant changes following moderate exercise. Shortness of breath and wheezing were experiences by about half of the subjects.
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PMID:SO2-particulate interactions: recent observations. 704 14

The efficacy and safety of flunisolide aerosol were studied in 46 steroid-independent children with asthma inadequately controlled by nonsteroid drugs. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study lasting eight weeks. Patients were randomly assigned either flunisolide by inhalation, 0.5 mg twice a day, or placebo. Effectiveness was evaluated daily by symptom scores, by Wright peak flow measurements twice daily, and weekly by spirometry and physical examination. Adrenal function and throat cultures for Candida were evaluated before and after the test-drug treatment period. Flunisolide was administered to 25 patients and 21 received placebo. Most symptom scores were statistically significantly better in flunisolide-treated than in placebo-treated patients; these included severity of wheezing (P = .01), chest tightness (P = .01) and shortness of breath (P = .02), and frequency (P = .001) and severity of asthma attacks (P = .03). In addition, placebo-treated patients used significantly more bronchodilators than flunisolide-treated patients. In the final therapeutic effectiveness evaluation, 72% of flunisolide-treated patients received very good or good ratings, whereas only 29% of placebo-treated patients received these ratings (P = .005). No patient developed thrush, evidence of adrenal suppression, or other severe adverse reaction. Flunisolide aerosol was shown to be effective and safe in controlling asthma in children who were candidates for oral steroid therapy.
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PMID:Flunisolide aerosol for treatment of severe, chronic asthma in steroid-independent children. 706 90

In July 1979, a 72-year-old white woman presented to the Bernalillo County Medical Center Emergency Department with complaints of shortness of breath and wheezing. She had been asthmatic since childhood. Current management included bronchodilator therapy and continuous low flow oxygen. An apparently curative left radical nephrectomy had been performed in 1978 for renal cell carcinoma. Her evaluation in the emergency room included multiple attempts at right radial artery puncture for blood gases. The arterial blood gases were obtained only after repeated efforts by several individuals. The patient was discharged from the emergency room after receiving subcutaneous terbutaline and intravenous aminophylline. Approximately one week later, she noticed a swelling on her right wrist at the site of the punctures. Over the ensuing three weeks, the lesion doubled in size and became painful. In chest clinic, one month after emergency room visit, we found a 1 cm by 1 cm raised erythematous tender nodule on the right wrist overlying the radial artery pulse. We did not hear a bruit, the lesion did not feel fluctuant, and attempts to aspirate fluid were unsuccessful. Because we thought the lesion represented local infection, we began oral antibiotic therapy. The lesion was unchanged after 1 1/2 weeks of therapy and was excised. Pathologic examination showed a well-defined cutaneous nodule with histology diagnostic of a keratocanthoma. The patient developed a recurrence of the tumor at the excision site a few weeks later and required a wide excision, also under local anesthesia. She has since remained clinically free of recurrent tumor.
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PMID:Keratoacanthoma as a complication of arterial puncture for blood gases. 711 51

Cholinergic urticaria was elicited in seven subjects by experimental challenge that consisted of running on a treadmill in a plastic occlusive suit. A sensation of generalized warmth of the skin was followed by pruritus, erythema, urticaria, and transient respiratory-tract symptoms consisting of shortness of breath or wheezing or both. Statistically significant falls in one-second forced-expiratory volumes (FEV1), maximal midexpiratory flow rates (MMF), and specific conductance (SGaw) and a rise in residual volume were detected. The serum histamine concentration rose, with an augmentation of eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic activities. Gel-filtration chromatography showed that the eosinophil chemotactic activity consisted of at least two principles. The chemotactic activities are similar in magnitude to those recognized in other skin disorders dependent on mast cells. These observations extend to the lungs the manifestations of a condition previously thought to be restricted to the skin.
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PMID:Release of mast-cell mediators and alterations in lung function in patients with cholinergic urticaria. 735 7

We have examined the prevalence of incidence of asthma and other wheezing syndromes in subjects in a longitudinal epidemiologic study. The point prevalence of asthma was 6.6%, with the highest rates occurring in children. Rates were also relatively high in older subjects, in most of whom "chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema" had been concomitantly diagnosed. Other wheezing was very common in this population sample; in most age groups, the point prevalence rates of some form of wheezing exceeded 30%. New asthma developed in 1.4% of the subjects who were followed over a period of approximately 4 yr. New attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze occurred in 10.3% of the subjects at risk over the same time period. The incidence of asthma was greatest in young children, was least in late adolescence, and increased again in early adult life. The incidence was 1.5 times greater in young boys than in young girls but was much greater in women older than 40 yr of age, perhaps reflecting the diagnostic biases of physicians. In subjects younger than 40 yr of age, onset of the disease was strongly associated with previously demonstrated allergy skin test reactivity. New disease in this age group occurred de novo, primarily within the first few years of life or during early adult life. Subjects in whom asthma developed after 40 yr of age usually had prior symptoms of chronic bronchial irritation and often had obvious spirometric abnormalities. The disease in these subjects was not associated with positive allergy skin test reactions. Because in these older subjects it does not appear possible to clearly distinguish "asthma" from "chronic bronchitis," the label "asthmatic bronchitis" appears to be a reasonable descriptive term for this syndrome.
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PMID:The prevalence and incidence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in a general population sample. 743 22

After introducing the main purpose of the project on the outdoor and indoor air quality and children's health in Cracow, the paper presents the results of the pilot study carried out in the higher polluted city area (suspended particulate matter: 51.5-74.5 micrograms/m3/year; SO2: 58.4-73.8 micrograms/m33/year) and in the less polluted area (suspended particulate matter: 31.7 micrograms/m3/year; SO2: 36.1 microgram/m3/year). The pilot study covered 171 children. There was an excess of chronic respiratory symptoms in children from the higher polluted area, but only the frequency of shortness of breath in boys and attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing in girls were significantly higher in those living in the polluted area. Spirometric indices were significantly lower in both boys and girls in the residence area with the higher air pollution level. The data on prevalence of respiratory diseases in the pilot study will be used to estimate the size of the sample needed in the other stages of the prospective study.
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PMID:[Prospective epidemiologic study on respiratory diseases in children in Cracow. Pilot study]. 749 32

Nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a hallmark of clinical asthma, but can be present in nonasthmatics as well. The diagnosis of asthma is based on clinical grounds, and no laboratory procedure can definitely establish its presence. This poses a problem in studies of asthma. If epidemiological studies are to provide valid information, the tools used must have a relative degree of predictive or diagnostic ability. This report determined whether the American Thoracic Society-Division of Lung Disease (ATS-DLD) respiratory questionnaire has the ability to predict different degrees of non-specific BHR. In the years 1983-1990, when the ATS-DLD questionnaire was used in our Natural History of Asthma study, 192 subjects completed the ATS-DLD questionnaire and underwent a standardized methacholine challenge. A recursive partitioning analysis of the ATS-DLD questionnaire was able to predict which questions would likely be answered if the subject had nonspecific bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine of 100 and 200 breath units. Positive responses for questions concerning treatment for asthma, wheezing, or shortness of breath, and emergency treatment for asthma predicted the presence of increased bronchial reactivity.
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PMID:The usefulness of questionnaire-derived information to predict the degree of nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. 755 71

The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms in Finland. We also wondered whether chronic cough may be an indicator of occult asthma. Prevalence and characteristics of children with doctor-diagnosed asthma and chronic respiratory symptoms were investigated in 7-12 year old school children from eastern Finland by using a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. In addition, skin-prick tests, flow-volume spirometry, and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurements were performed in children reporting chronic respiratory symptoms. The parent-reported prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 4.4%, of wheezing 5.4%, of attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing 4.6%, and of dry cough at night 12%. Children with dry cough only (n = 195) had less frequent parental asthma, self-reported allergies, daily respiratory medication, and moisture stains or molds at home than asthmatic children (n = 180), but these findings were more frequent than among asymptomatic children (n = 2,169). The prevalence of at least one positive skin-prick test result was 79% among the asthmatic children and 55% among children with dry cough only. There were no differences between the two symptom groups in serum total IgE levels and spirometric lung functions, except in maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) values, which were significantly lower among children with asthmatic symptoms. The present results support the hypothesis that chronic cough may be an indicator of occult asthma. Therefore, to improve the sensitivity of respiratory questionnaires designed to detect asthma, they should also include questions on chronic cough.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prevalence and characteristics of children with chronic respiratory symptoms in eastern Finland. 758 1

Hospital discharge data can be useful in the identification of the more severe cases of both work- and nonwork-related chemical-related respiratory disease. The medical records of 329 patients hospitalized in Michigan in 1989 and 1990 for respiratory conditions resulting from chemical fumes and vapors (International Classification of Diseases diagnostic code 506) were reviewed to determine the location and etiology of the exposures. One-third of the discharges were work related. The most common exposures at work were to chlorine and sulfur dioxide and to industrial cleaning agents. Exposure to smoke from house fires and exposure to household cleaners were the most frequent causes of the nonwork-related discharges. Follow-up inspections at the work facilities where the hospitalized patients with work-related disease had become ill revealed that 61 of 261 (23.4%) fellow workers interviewed had new adult-onset asthma or were bothered at work by daily or weekly symptoms of shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest tightness. Nine of the 23 facilities inspected were cited for violating Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards.
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PMID:Use of hospital discharge data for surveillance of chemical-related respiratory disease. 771 66

Asthma is characterized by variable airflow obstruction with airway hyperresponsiveness; prominent clinical manifestations include wheezing and shortness of breath. During the 1980s, the prevalence of and mortality associated with asthma increased in the United States and other countries (1,2). To describe national trends in disease burden for asthma in the United States, CDC analyzed data for 1982-1992 (the most recent year for which data are available) for deaths, hospital discharges, and self-reported morbidity. This report summarizes the findings of the analysis.
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PMID:Asthma--United States, 1982-1992. 779 8


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