Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0392680 (shortness of breath)
 5,217 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bronchoprovocation test has been widely used in diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Forty-eight cases under tentative diagnosis of bronchial asthma, with complaints of cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing, were studied by using histamine and methacholine. Their baseline pulmonary functions were all normal. Among the Fourteen cases, histamine and methacholine provocation tests were both negative in 14 cases (29%) (Group 1). There were 18 cases (37%) of allergic asthmatics with positive challenge to either histamine (2 cases) or methacholine (1 case) or both (15 cases) (Group 2). There were 16 cases (34%) of nonallergic asthmatics with positive challenge to either histamine (2 cases) or methacholine (3 cases) or both (11 cases) (Group 3). In Group 2, the average PD20 FEV1 for methacholine and histamine was 25.8 +/- 8.2 BU and 22.9 +/- 7.1 BU respectively; the average PD25 FEF25-75 for methacholine and histamine was 19.4 +/- 7.0 BU and 21.1 +/- 7.1 BU respectively. The sensitivities, compared between both agents, were nearly the same. In Group 3, the average PD20 FEV1 for methacholine and histamine was 35.1 +/- 9.0 BU and 54.5 +/- 9.6 BU respectively; the average PD25 FEF25-75 for methacholine and histamine was 27.9 +/- 8.6 BU and 50.2 +/- 9.6 BU respectively. Methacholine is more sensitive in detecting airway hyperreactivity in this group. When these two groups of asthmatics were compared, Group 2 patients were more sensitive to challenges with histamine and methacholine (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bronchoprovocation test in the normal and in asthmatics. 354 1

A symptom prevalence survey was conducted of a neighborhood exposed to airborne hazardous wastes. Residents' responses were compared to those of a nearby control population. The results revealed that the exposed group had more self-reported complaints referable to the respiratory system (wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, persistent colds, coughs), constitutional complaints (always fatigued, bowel dysfunction), and irregular heart beat. When the effect of a documented irritant source in a small portion of the control population was removed, the exposed group also complained more often of irritation of the eyes and nose. There was a biological gradient for several of these effects. Efforts to eliminate the influence of confounding and recall bias are discussed. The results suggest either that the general population reacts to chemicals at levels much lower than the available occupational literature would indicate or that the effects are more long lasting than previously thought.
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PMID:Health problems reported by residents of a neighborhood contaminated by a hazardous waste facility. 359 6

An epidemiologic investigation was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of allergic events associated with psyllium in a population of health care workers in long-term care facilities, and to determine if a specific brand of psyllium laxative was associated with the events. Of 743 surveyed health care workers who prepared psyllium laxatives for patients, 136 (18%) reported allergic events. Thirty-four of these employees (5%) reported shortness of breath, wheezing, or hives within 30 minutes after preparing psyllium laxatives. Four hundred thirty-six workers who were exposed to the suspect psyllium laxative were compared with 314 workers exposed to other psyllium laxatives for the occurrence of an adverse event: There was no statistically significant association between exposure to the suspect product and the occurrence of an adverse event. These findings suggest that psyllium laxatives are associated with a spectrum of allergic events ranging from mild to disabling.
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PMID:Allergic events among health care workers exposed to psyllium laxatives in the workplace. 361 23

History of acute symptoms (cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, stuffy nose, and skin itching/rash) following exposure to grain dust was obtained from 661 male and 535 female current and former farmers. These symptoms were relatively common: 60% of male and 25% of female farmers reported at least one such symptom on exposure to grain dust. Association of cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and stuffy nose with skin reactivity and capacity to form IgE is consistent with an allergic nature of these symptoms. Barley and oats dust were perceived as dust most often producing symptoms. On the other hand, grain fever showed a different pattern, i.e., it was not associated with either skin reactivity or total IgE. Smoking might modify the susceptibility to react to grain dust with symptoms. Only those who reported wheezing on exposure to grain dust may have an increased risk to develop chronic airflow obstruction.
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PMID:Acute symptoms following exposure to grain dust in farming. 370 86

Few investigations of the respiratory effects of occupational exposure to tobacco dust have been carried out and the threshold limit value has not well been established. A cross sectional survey on a sample of 223 male and female workers at a cigar and cigarette factory in Lucca (Tuscany) showed a significantly higher prevalence of wheezing, attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing, dyspnoea, and rhinitis than in a reference population. A trend towards a decrease in forced end expiratory flows according to smoking habit and work duration was evident. Positive skin prick tests were observed in 26% of men and 23% of women and were positively associated with duration of work and negatively with cigarette smoking. Thin interstitial space involvement was observed on chest x ray examination in almost half the female workers with more than 35 years exposure. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to tobacco dust may have negative health effects and that it is advisable to establish a threshold limit value for tobacco dust different from that of inert dust.
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PMID:Respiratory effects of occupational exposure to tobacco dust. 380 31

Stuffy nose, itchy and watery eyes, shortness of breath with wheezing, hives and stomach upsets often translate into allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, urticaria and food allergies. These symptoms present a diagnostic dilemma to practitioners, even when sophisticated immunologic tests are available. Given a good history, however, the most common allergic disorders can be diagnosed and managed by nurse practitioners. In this article, an overview is presented which includes a discussion of four chronic adult allergic problems: rhinitis, asthma, urticaria and food allergies. A review of basic immunological principles is provided. Each condition is described in terms of data collection and assessment criteria. General client education guidelines follow.
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PMID:An overview of adult allergic disorders. 403 19

A double-blind, cross-over comparison of morning (8 A.M.) versus evening (10 P.M.) dosing regimens with a new once-daily oral theophylline (Uniphyl, Purdue Frederick) was performed. The comparison was based upon steady-state theophylline pharmacokinetics, spirometric measurements over 24 hours, the patients' quantitative reporting of asthmatic symptoms, and medication side effects. No statistically significant differences were observed in any theophylline parameter between the dosing regimens. Evening dosing, but not morning dosing, resulted in a significant attenuation of the early morning dip in pulmonary function. The morning severity of wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath was significantly reduced after evening dosing. Overall no difference in the incidence of symptoms was noted. No significant differences in side effects were noted. Evening dosing with Uniphyl produced a significant improvement in morning pulmonary function, and this benefit was subjectively noted by the patients. No decline in this benefit was noted later in the day. Evening dosing with Uniphyl clearly is superior to morning dosing.
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PMID:Comparison of morning versus evening dosing with a new once-daily oral theophylline formulation. 408 3

Soon after the occupation of Japan, military physicians began recording an unusually large number of patients with asthma. Subsequent reports labeled the condition "Yokohama asthma" and called it a new environmental respiratory disease. It occurred in the Tokyo-Yokohama area, in previously healthy persons, from October to May during the time of the heaviest concentration of air pollution. The disease begins with cough at night, wheezing and shortness of breath, and apparently does not respond to the usual forms of treatment for asthma. It was reported that the symptoms subsided upon removal of the patient from the Tokyo-Yokohama area but abruptly recurred upon return to the area. It has been implied that the disease is a hypersensitivity phenomenon due to some unknown contaminant in the atmosphere. More recent studies indicate that Tokyo-Yokohama asthma is not a disease but a syndrome seen in people with bronchial infections and asthma. The high level of air pollution is thought to have an aggravating rather than a sensitizing effect.
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PMID:Tokyo-Yokohama asthma. A review and some current concepts. 594 55

In a car factory employing 203 women machinists making seat covers more women complained of respiratory symptoms after the introduction of a new seat cover fabric, cropped nylon backed with flame-bonded polyurethane foam (CNPF). 68 women working in the trim shop were studied on the first day back at work after a week's holiday and then at the end of a working week; the incidence of wheezing and/or shortness of breath was greater than expected but there was no difference between peak flow rates. A second study of 192 of the 203 women working in the trim shop confirmed this recent increase in incidence of asthmatic symptoms and showed that significantly more machinists who had worked with this new fabric had a reduced peak flow rate than machinists who had not. Asthma developed in one subject when she was working in the factory sewing CNPF, when she was handling this fabric in the challenge cabinet in the laboratory, and on challenge with toluene di-isocyanate in the laboratory. Airways resistance increased in 3 other workers after exposure to CNPF in the laboratory. Low concentrations (between 0.0003 to 0.003 ppm) of toluene di-isocyanate were found in the air around this fabric. 4 of 9 women with symptoms had IgE antibodies to toluene di-isocyanate.
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PMID:Isocyanate-induced asthma in a car factory. 610 70

Seventeen out of thirty-three workers who have been exposed to airborne papain at their place of work regularly developed asthmatic symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, sneezing, rhinorrhea and conjunctival irritation upon contact with this proteolytic enzyme. Investigations by RAST, skin test and bronchial provocation test proved IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to papain in fourteen symptomatic workers. Ten of these were in a screening investigation involving twenty-nine of the thirty-three workers; i.e. the incidence of IgE-mediated sensitization was 34.5% of this group. Bronchial provocation of as little as 0.001--0.5 mg of papain was shown to elicit immediate or dual asthmatic reactions in all eight tested workers with RAST values greater than 3 u/ml. On the other hand, inhalation of 0.5 mg of papain did not cause any remarkable change in non-exposed asthmatics. Occupation-related blood-stained nasal secretions and/or cutaneous flare reactions in all four heavily-exposed papain workers, of whom three had negative skin test and RAST results, suggest a direct effect of the proteolytically active enzyme on human tissue. There was a significant elevation (P less than 0.001) of serum trypsin inhibitory capacity in papain workers which seems to depend on the degree of exposure. No significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic workers in alpha 1-antitrypsin (Pi) phenotype subtypes were found.
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PMID:Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant 'proteolytic effects of airborne papain'. 703 63


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