Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0392680 (shortness of breath)
 5,217 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study investigated the relationship between respiratory function, catastrophic thoughts about anxiety, and panic in 48 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. During a routine office visit which included respiratory function tests (Forced Vital Capacity, FVC; Forced Expiratory Volume--first second, FEV1) patients completed a battery of questionnaires which assessed history of panic, days with shortness of breath, general activity level, agoraphobic cognitions, perception of bodily sensations, anxiety and depression. Thirty-seven percent of the sample reported experiencing a panic attack. Subjects showed a significant impairment in respiratory functioning. Patients with a history of panic did not differ from those who had not experienced panic on demographic, physiologic, or activity variables. Patients who experienced panic reported significantly more agoraphobic cognitions and greater concern with bodily sensations than did patients who did not experience panic.
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PMID:Respiratory function, cognitions, and panic in chronic obstructive pulmonary patients. 154 Jan 18

Panic disorder, a severe anxiety disorder, affects 1-2% of the general population, mostly women 20-40 years old. A 29-year-old married white women with no children presented with an 18-month history of panic attacks. Episodes of abrupt anxiety lasted 5-20 minutes and occurred 3-4 times per week accompanied by rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, dizziness, and a fear of losing control. She was evaluated by a cardiologist several months earlier for episodic tachycardia, but the tests were normal. She was taking .5 mg of lorazepam po 2-3 times per month, which relieved her anxiety. Her only other medication was 1 tablet/day of Triphasal oral contraceptive (OC). She was started on treatment with desipramine 10 mg, and the dose gradually increased to 60 mg/day which she was unable to tolerate because of marked anorexia; lorazepam .5 mg bid and 10.5-mg tablet p.r.n. was continued to address excess activation secondary to the tricyclic depressant. She had changed from a constant dose OC (Lo/Ovral) to a triphasic preparation (Triphasil) 6 months prior to the onset of her panic attacks. The OC was halted, and she has experienced no subsequent panic attacks or avoidance behaviors during 2 years of follow-up. In the 2nd case a 39-year-old married white woman with 3 children presented with a 3-year history of panic attacks. She was given Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 1 tablet/day for about 8 months prior to her 1st panic attack, which occurred while she was driving. Her medications were clorazepate 3.75 mg b.i. d. and Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 1 tablet g.d. for 21 days of each month; she had been taking both since October 1984. Her father and brother had exhibited some driving avoidance behaviors. Because the triphasic OC preparation possible precipitated her panic disorder with agoraphobia, she was changed to Ortho-Novum 1/35 OC which has markedly improved her anxiety for 2 years now.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives and panic disorder. 759 8

To determine which symptoms characterized isoproterenol-induced panic attacks, we analyzed the presence of panic attacks in 54 panic disorder patients who panicked, 24 patients who did not panic, and 37 controls who did not panic during isoproterenol infusions. The increases over the baseline of the symptoms shortness of breath and fear of going crazy were highly associated with panicking patients when compared to nonpanicking patients and nonpanicking controls. The increases of the symptoms trembling and shaking, generally nervous, and fear of going crazy were highly associated with patients when compared to controls. The possibility of a cognitive theory of panic attacks is discussed.
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PMID:Somatic and psychological symptoms during isoproterenol-induced panic attacks. 219 75

A total of 383 cases of incident panic attack were identified among 12,823 participants in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program over various 12-month periods in 1980-1983. These cases not phobia-stimulated were compared with 766 controls. Risk factors were examined for the onset of panic attacks, with attacks categorized as panic disorder, severe and unexplained panic attacks, or other panic attacks. Risk factors were also examined for the onset of attacks in which cardiovascular symptoms were experienced and those in which psychologic symptoms were experienced. Females were at greater risk than males for each category of attacks (relative odds ranged from 1.36 to 2.25). Persons aged 65 years or older were at lower risk than younger persons (relative odds, compared with 30- to 44-year-olds, ranged from 0.26 to 0.71). A history of cardiac symptoms, shortness of breath, depression or a major grief episode, drug abuse or dependence, alcohol abuse or dependence, and seizures were each strongly associated with panic attacks. A history of cardiac symptoms was more strongly associated with attacks in which cardiovascular symptoms were experienced than with attacks in which psychologic symptoms were experienced (relative odds, 8.36 vs. 2.23). A history of seizures was more strongly associated with attacks with psychologic symptoms than with attacks with cardiovascular symptoms (relative odds, 5.21 vs. 1.58).
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PMID:Risk factors for the onset of panic disorder and other panic attacks in a prospective, population-based study. 229 82

This study used patient and resource person face-to-face interviews to explore the history of anxiety symptoms and syndromes in 171 primary alcoholic male veterans on an alcohol treatment program. Almost all men (98%) reported at least one symptom of anxiety during drinking or withdrawal, including 80% who related problems with palpitations and/or shortness of breath. In addition, seven men (4%) described at least one episode of panic lasting from 1 to 4 or more hours, although only two of these individuals experienced three or more panic attacks in a 3-week period in the context of heavy drinking or withdrawal. No men evidenced repetitive panic attacks either before the onset of heavy drinking or in the context of a protracted period of abstinence. Seven individuals (4%) fulfilled criteria for generalized anxiety symptoms when dry for 3 or more months. The histories of treatment by mental health workers or in psychiatric facilities taken together with the symptom picture generated from patient and resource person interviews do not indicate an elevated incidence of either panic disorder or generalized anxiety that is independent of heavy drinking.
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PMID:The history of anxiety symptoms among 171 primary alcoholics. 229 47

This paper has three parts: local anaesthetic adverse effects, haemorrhage control and altered immune response. Primary emphasis is placed on the problems with anaesthetics since their use is widespread. Every day, nearly 2 million injections of local anaesthetic are given in dental practice. From 2.5 to 10 per cent of patients experience adverse reactions. This adverse effect rate is 10 times higher than that in medicine for the same drugs. Allergic, toxic, idiosyncratic and psychogenic effects are discussed. New data on the role of local anaesthetic agents, vasoconstrictors and preservatives is presented. In addition, the problem of anaesthetic failure (occurring in over 10 per cent of patients) is explained. Treatment (drug and psychological) for anaesthetic related emergencies such as panic attacks, shortness of breath, palpitations and nausea is recommended. Prevention and treatment of haemorrhage is explained. Medical and dental conditions may increase clotting time (e.g., systemic disease or local factors such as granulation tissue). Preventive strategies are outlined and laboratory tests discussed. Emphasis should be placed on the use of local anaesthetics with vasoconstrictors, haemostatic agents and pressure. The final aspect of the paper discussed new data on problems for dentists arising with patients who have altered immune function. In particular AIDS is discussed from the point of view of protection of the dentist and dental treatment for the patient.
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PMID:Local anaesthetic adverse effects and other emergency problems in general dental practice. 294 76

Research over the last 25 years has delineated the syndrome of panic disorder/agoraphobia from a myriad of medical, cardiologic and psychiatric diagnoses. This syndrome is characterized by the sudden onset of episodes of panic and terror, accompanied by extreme physiologic symptoms including palpitations, tachycardia, chest pain, shortness of breath, trembling, faintness, etc. These patients become quite anxious and hypochondriacal and begin to avoid certain situations in which they feel a recurrence of a panic attack would be dangerous or embarrassing. This avoidance (agoraphobia) typically involves malls, grocery stores, churches, crowds, bridges, planes, waiting in lines, visiting dentists, highways, etc., and rarely (5%) actually confines the patient to his home. With the prevalence of 3 to 7% in the general population, evidence suggests that many of these patients are currently unrecognized in primary care, internal medicine and cardiology practices. Over 90% believe they have a physical disorder and do not present to psychiatrists but instead to neurologists (44%), cardiologists (39%) and gastroenterologists (33%). Perhaps as many as one-third of patients with atypical chest pain, particularly if results of coronary angiograms are normal, have unrecognized panic disorder. Effective treatments in most patients are now available and are described. These include medications that block the panic attacks and reduce the anxiety and phobic fears and they are generally used in combination with behavioral treatments.
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PMID:Unrecognized prevalence of panic disorder in primary care, internal medicine and cardiology. 332 69

Although the systolic click was first mentioned in the medical literature in 1887, it was not until the investigations of John Barlow and his colleagues in the 1960s that it became linked to the mitral valve and mitral valve prolapse identified as the cause. Mitral valve prolapse is currently the most commonly diagnosed cardiac valvular abnormality. Significant complications may occur with mitral valve prolapse, though most patients are asymptomatic. However, a number of issues persist regarding mitral valve prolapse, especially with respect to the mitral valve prolapse syndrome, a term which has been applied to patients who develop a variety of symptoms, including chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, lightheadedness, syncope, palpitations, anxiety, and panic attacks.
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PMID:John Barlow: mitral valve prolapse. 804 May 99

Panic disorder is a psychiatric disease without obvious cause. It is accompanied by signs of terror, such as chest pain, palpitation, and shortness of breath. One of every 75 Americans is afflicted. Onset occurs most commonly during adolescence. Some infants and children exhibit anxiety-like responses, such as retreat and avoidance, and behavioral restraint when faced with unfamiliar people, objects, and events. Panel disorder has a special relevance for dentistry, because it is frequently associated with mitral valve prolapse. Furthermore, medications used to treat the disorder are associated with detrimental changes in the oral cavity and adverse interactions with dental therapeutic agents. The authors discuss the podromal characteristics of children at risk for panic disorder and the characteristics of the malady recognized by the American Psychiatric Association. Associated medical problems are also presented and discussed. A survey of ninth graders found as many as 12 percent had spontaneous panic attacks. Approximately 20 percent of all adults with the disorder report its onset before age ten. Etiology, medical and dental management are discussed.
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PMID:Dental management of the adolescent with panic disorder. 812 99

Individuals with panic attacks evaluate physical anxiety symptoms as dangerous and tend to respond to them with fear. In a retrospective questionnaire study, we explored childhood and adolescent learning experiences with respect to somatic symptoms of panickers. Compared to normal controls (N = 61), patients with panic disorder (N = 121), infrequent panickers (N = 86) and patients with other anxiety disorders (N = 38) reported more frequent instances prior to age 18 when they had experienced symptoms like dizziness, shortness of breath, palpitations or nausea, accompanied by special attention from their parents and instructions to restrain from strenuous or social activities. The differences were due to higher symptom frequencies in the anxiety groups. All anxiety groups reported more frequent uncontrolled behavior of their parents than controls. Patients with panic disorder and infrequent panickers reported that their parents had suffered more frequently from physical symptoms typical of anxiety than patients with other anxiety disorders or normal controls. Panickers, but not patients with other anxiety disorders, had observed sick-role behavior related to panic symptoms in their parents more often than controls. Panic attack Ss reported a higher number of household members suffering from chronic illnesses than controls and patients with other anxiety disorders. No group differences were found in the reported behavior of parents when Ss had colds. Overall, the results point to the role of severe illnesses and physical symptoms typical of anxiety in significant others in the history of Ss with panic attacks. These experiences during childhood and adolescence may contribute to their belief that physical symptoms are dangerous. In contrast, there was no specificity for panic with respect to the Ss' own physical symptoms or cold-related symptoms.
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PMID:Somatic symptoms and panic attacks: a retrospective study of learning experiences. 847 1


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