Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0392674 (exhaustion)
 13,658 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kallikrein is an important mediator in microcirculation. Therefore, this work has been concerned with the excretion of kallikrein from human parotid glands. In 40 healthy persons kallikrein concentrations in resting parotid saliva were estimated. Subsequently, the glands were stimulated either by ascorbic acid or by subcutaneous injection of pilocarpin and the changes in BAEE-esterase activity were measured. The results show a significant increase of excreted enzyme on stimulation. Continuous stimulation, however, leads to exhaustion of the capacity of the glands within 40 min. After cessation of stimulation basal secretion rates are restored in the next 15 min. Kallikrein secretion is compared to the secretion of total protein, lysozym and immunglobulin A.
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PMID:[On the secretion of BAEE-esterase activity (kallikrein) in normal human parotid glands in rest and under stimulation (author's transl)]. 13 52

Thromboembolic phenomena may occur as humans ascend to high altitude. To investigate the role of the coagulation cascade and its inhibitors in these disorders, venous blood was obtained from eight subjects who participated in the Operation Everest II project. Samples were obtained before and 5 min after completion of a progressive incremental exercise test to exhaustion at sea level and atmospheric pressures of 380 (18,000 ft) and 282 Torr (25,000 ft). Plasma was analyzed for the activity or concentration of factors II, V, VII, VIII complex, IX-XIII, prekallikrein, high-molecular-weight kininogen, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 2-antiplasmin, C1-esterase inhibitor, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and protein C. Prolonged exposure to simulated high altitude did not alter the concentration of any of the coagulation factors or inhibitors. Exercise increased the circulating concentrations of the factor VIII complex at sea level, 380, and 282 Torr. However, the increment was less at the simulated high altitudes. The increase in the factor VIII complex was inversely related to arterial O2 saturation and directly related to the work load achieved and blood pH and plasma lactate concentrations. These studies suggest that the gradual development of marked chronic hypoxia does not affect the coagulation cascade.
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PMID:Operation Everest II: coagulation system during prolonged decompression to 282 Torr. 311 52

Fatigue till exhaustion and renunciation was caused in rats through forced loaded swimming performance. Changes in watersoluble protein, in its fractions separated by means of disk electrophoresis, as well as in the fractions of lactic dehydrogenase and non-specific esterases were searched for in the different organs. Insofar water-soluble protein is concerned, a statistically reliable increase was found in the liver and heart chamber musculature, and reduction - in the skeletal muscles. Changes in the brain and kidney were not recorded. Large protein fraction ammassments were observed in all the organs which interfered with the interpretation of electrophoregrams. Nevertheless, clear-cut changes after exertion were not disclosed. The isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase did not reveal alterations in the organs investigated after physical effort. A loss of non-specific esterase fractions at electrophoretic range from 0.4 to 0.6 was established in the liver of tired animals only.
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PMID:[The effect of acute fatigue on organ proteins and protein fractions]. 480 17

This study characterized the ability of lactococci to become nonculturable under carbohydrate starvation while maintaining metabolic activity. We determined the changes in physiological parameters and extracellular substrate levels of multiple lactococcal strains under a number of environmental conditions along with whole-genome expression profiles. Three distinct phases were observed, logarithmic growth, sugar exhaustion, and nonculturability. Shortly after carbohydrate starvation, each lactococcal strain lost the ability to form colonies on solid media but maintained an intact cell membrane and metabolic activity for over 3.5 years. ML3, a strain that metabolized lactose rapidly, reached nonculturability within 1 week. Strains that metabolized lactose slowly (SK11) or not at all (IL1403) required 1 to 3 months to become nonculturable. In all cases, the cells contained at least 100 pM of intracellular ATP after 6 months of starvation and remained at that level for the remainder of the study. Aminopeptidase and lipase/esterase activities decreased below detection limits during the nonculturable phase. During sugar exhaustion and entry into nonculturability, serine and methionine were produced, while glutamine and arginine were depleted from the medium. The cells retained the ability to transport amino acids via proton motive force and peptides via ATP-driven translocation. The addition of branched-chain amino acids to the culture medium resulted in increased intracellular ATP levels and new metabolic products, indicating that branched-chain amino acid catabolism resulted in energy and metabolic products to support survival during starvation. Gene expression analysis showed that the genes responsible for sugar metabolism were repressed as the cells entered nonculturability. The genes responsible for cell division were repressed, while autolysis and cell wall metabolism genes were induced neither at starvation nor during nonculturability. Taken together, these observations verify that carbohydrate-starved lactococci attain a nonculturable state wherein sugar metabolism, cell division, and autolysis are repressed, allowing the cells to maintain transcription, metabolic activity, and energy production during a state that produces new metabolites not associated with logarithmic growth.
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PMID:Carbohydrate starvation causes a metabolically active but nonculturable state in Lactococcus lactis. 1729 21

A modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain capable of overexpressing the estA gene, an encoding gene for a membrane-bound esterase, was constructed and its rhamnolipid (RML) production was studied. Fermentations using wild-type (WT) and modified P. aeruginosa strains were conducted until exhaustion of glycerol in Medium Salt Production, using two different C/N ratios. At a C/N of 83.2, the modified strain produced up to 3.9 times more RMLs than the WT, yielding a maximum concentration of 14.62 g/L RML when measured by HPLC and 22 g/L by the orcinol assay. Cell-free supernatant from the modified strain reduced surface tension to 29.4 mN/m and had a CMC of 240 mg/L and CMD of 56.05. This is the first report on the construction of an estA-based recombinant strain for RML production.
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PMID:Enhanced rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa overexpressing estA in a simple medium. 2883 48