Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 13,658 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the utilization of plasma triglycerides by extrahepatic tissues. The present study examined the effect of estrogen upon the circadian rhythm of rat myocardial LPL and upon the endothelial-bound and tissue components of rat myocardial LPL immediately after exhaustive exercise. Female rats were ovariectomized at 28 days. Estrogen replaced female rats (ER) received 17-beta-estradiol in sunflower oil (200 micrograms/100 g body weight/week for 4 weeks). Oil-injected female rats (OI) received sunflower oil (0.1 mL/100 g body weight/week for 4 weeks). Normal male rats (M) were studied for comparison. ER, OI, and M animals were killed every four hours starting at 8 AM. Estrogen treatment did not alter the circadian rhythm of LPL activity. A second group of animals were run to exhaustion on a motorized treadmill, starting at 9 AM. ER animals performed significantly more work (P less than 0.05) than OI or M rats. Liver glycogen concentration was reduced 96.8% to 97.8% from control in all three groups after exercise. Both the tissue and endothelial fractions of LPL activity were elevated after exercise in all three groups. Exercised ER females (116.3 +/- 9.0 units) had significantly higher cardiac tissue enzyme activity than exercised males (85.0 +/- 9.4 units). Heparin-releasable LPL activity in exercised ER rats (65.3 +/- 5.7 units) was 43% higher than in exercised M rats (45.5 +/- 5.6 units) and 53% higher than in OI female rats (42.6 +/- 8.1 units).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Exercise activation of myocardial lipoprotein lipase in male and estrogen-treated female rats. 648 38

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is used to support patients with reversible cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Although it is a lifesaving technology, bleeding, inflammation, and thrombosis are well-described complications of ECMO. Adult porcine models of ECMO have been used to recapitulate the physiology and hemostatic consequences of ECMO cannulation in adults. However, these models lack the unique physiology and persistence of fetal forms of coagulation factors and fibrinogen as in human infants. We aimed to describe physiologic and coagulation parameters of piglets cannulated and supported with VA-ECMO. Four healthy piglets (5.7-6.4 kg) were cannulated via jugular vein and carotid artery by cutdown and supported for a maximum of 20 hours. Heparin was used with a goal activated clotting time of 180-220 seconds. Arterial blood gas (ABG) was performed hourly, and blood was transfused from an adult donor to maintain hematocrit (Hct) > 24%. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was performed at seven time points. All animals achieved adequate flow with a patent circuit throughout the run (pre- and post-oxygenator pressure gradient <10 mmHg). There was slow but significant hemorrhage at cannulation, arterial line, and bladder catheter sites. All animals required the maximum blood transfusion volume available. All animals became anemic after exhaustion of blood for transfusion. ABG showed progressively declining Hct and adequate oxygenation. ROTEM demonstrated decreasing fibrin-only ROTEM (FIBTEM) clot firmness. Histology was overall unremarkable. Pediatric swine are an important model for the study of pediatric ECMO. We have demonstrated the feasibility of such a model while providing descriptions of physiologic, hematologic, and coagulation parameters throughout. Weak whole-blood clot firmness by ROTEM suggested defects in fibrinogen, and there was a clinical bleeding tendency in all animals studied. This model serves as an important means to study the complex derangements in hemostasis during ECMO.
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PMID:Coagulopathy Characterized by Rotational Thromboelastometry in a Porcine Pediatric ECMO Model. 3298 58