Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0392674 (exhaustion)
 13,658 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heat-aggregated human gammaglobulin has been shown to inhibit the random migration of human neutrophils in serum-containing medium. This inhibition was not due to metabolic exhaustion or deactivation of the cells, since migration in the presence of aggregated gammaglobulin and casein as a chemotactic stimulus was not inhibited. The inhibition of migration was not mediated by a negative chemotactic gradient produced as a result of complement activation, and could be demonstrated in complement-depleted serum. Sera obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis with evidence of circulating immune complexes were able to significantly inhibit neutrophil migration, indicating that this phenomenon may be a useful means for the detection of circulating immune complexes. It is suggested that aggregated gammaglobulin or immune complexes can inhibit the chemokinetic effect of serum on neutrophils by a reversible interaction with the neutrophil surface, and that this inhibition could contribute to the accumulation of neutrophils at sites of immune complex deposition in vivo.
Clin Exp Immunol 1979 May
PMID:Inhibition of human neutrophil migration by aggregated gammaglobulin. 8 21

The functional changes in splenic lymphoid populations from mice infected with T. brucei strain S42 were studied throughout the 3 weeks of infection. Within a week of infection, proliferation of B and T cells profoundly increased as shown by 3H-labelled thymidine incorporation and fluorescent staining of surface Ig; the spleen cells secreted high levels of both IgM and IgG immediately cells were put into culture; but with progressing infection this Ig production declined. The early effect on T cells was reflected by lack of responsiveness to PHA. B-cell potential was studied in low-density cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide (E. coli). Normal spleen cells proliferate extensively in these cultures with subsequent secretion of IgG as well as IgM. The ability to proliferate and produce Ig in response to LPS was severely depressed by day 7 and almost totally absent by day 12 of infection. Removal of T cells from the spleen cells obtained early in infection partly restored the response to LPS but as the infection neared its fatal end, B-cell potential appeared to become exhausted. Macrophages obtained from infected mice even early in infection profoundly depressed the ability of normal spleen cells to proliferate and secrete immunoglobulin in LPS cultures. The general immunodepressing effect of trypanosomes can be attributed to clonal exhaustion of B-cell potential caused by an undefined blastogenic stimulus from the parasites which may operate at least in part by the generation of suppressive T cells and macrophages.
Clin Exp Immunol 1977 Jul
PMID:Suppressor cells and loss of B-cell potential in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei. 30 69

The aim of modern obstetrics is to deliver a healthy, undamaged infant to a healthy, happy mother. The ability to classify and treat abnormalities of uterine activity safely with the plotting of cervical progress against time and to quantitate uterine activity as adequate or inadequate allows for more specific and rapid treatment. Treatment may be instituted more rapidly with monitoring and thus avoid prolonged labours with maternal exhaustion and dehydration. With normal fetal heart rate and variability Schifrin (1974) has stated that the differences in fetal outcome associated with various patterns of abnormal labour essentially disappear if mid-forceps procedures are abandoned and only spontaneous vaginal delivery or caesarean section is used.
Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1979 Aug
PMID:Monitoring of uterine activity. 49 82

The changing emphasis in psychiatric care demands the use of new strategies and the development of sociopsychiatric institutions. The term 'crisis intervention' is suitable in this respect insofar as it also includes the aspects of prevention and follow-up care. An attempt at the development of a model for multiprofessional teamwork in juvenile social work is outlined under the aspect of sectorised sociopsychiatric care. The exhaustion of the basically available possibilities is at the moment limited due to structural difficulties.
Psychiatr Clin (Basel) 1977
PMID:[Teamwork in juvenile social work as an instrument in crisis intervention]. 60 64

Four young men each performed three treadmill walks to exhaustion at 70% of their respective O2 uptake maxima. Each walk followed 3 days consumption of either a normal mixed (M), high fat and protein (F-P), or high carbohydrate (CHO) diet. The fractional use of carbohydrates for energy during the initial 1/2-hr of work was significantly reduced following the F-P diet as compared with the M or CHO diets (P less than 0.005), averaging 38.2% (F-P), 69.9% (M), and 71.9 (CHO). Carbohydrates energy production was negatively correlated with blood levels of both free fatty acids ( r = -0.62, P less than 0.05) and beta-OH-butyrate (r = - 0.79, P less than 0.005). Work time to exhaustion was closely correlated with the fractional usage of carbohydrates for energy (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001). The femoral arteriovenous blood glucose difference was directly related to the pre-work dietary carbohydrate fraction, with the 30-min work means 0.25 mM (F-P), 0.34 mM (M), and 0.52 mM (CHO). Estimation of leg arteriovenous O2 difference indicated that leg uptake of blood-borne glucose provided approximately 23 +/- 10% (F-P), 30 +/- 8% (M), and 46 +/- 13% (CHO) of the legs' aerobic substrate during the first 30 min of work. These results provide further evidence for the shift from noncarbohydrate to carbohydrate energy sources during exercise as the carbohydrate fraction of the diet is elevated.
Am J Clin Nutr 1978 Jan
PMID:Influence of diet on leg uptake of glucose during heavy exercise. 61 4

Lower leg blood flow was measured at rest and both during and after graduated bicycle exercise in five healthy men and in seventeen patients suffering from various degrees of obliterating arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs. A thermodilution technique was used for flow determinations. The subject exercised in the sitting position and the work load was increased stepwise from a starting load of 100 kpm/min (100 kpm/min load increment every second minute until exhaustion). Three flow phases were depicted during and after the exercise: the aerobic phase, the phase of relative ischaemia and a postexercise phase. During exercise, lower leg blood flow increased approximately twenty times in healthy subjects, while in the arteriosclerotic subjects there was a two-fold to ten-fold increase in flow. In patients with serious distal and proximal stenoses a proximal steal phenomenon was demonstrated during submaximal and maximal exercise. A close correlation was found between maximum individual work load capacity and maximum lower leg blood flow (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001). In the patient group lower leg blood flow at a certain work load was 45% (P less than 0.001) higher in the sitting than in the supine position.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1978 Apr
PMID:Lower leg blood flow in intermittent claudication. 65 5

Mechanisms for increased claudication distance following physical training were studied in ten patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency. The exercise capacity on a bicycle ergometer increased by an average of 26% after 3--4 months of training (P less than 0.05). Neither maximum lower leg blood flow during the exercise test nor oxygen uptake at exhaustion changed significantly after training (-8% and +5%, respectively), whereas popliteal-venous O2-saturation was lower at exhaustion after the training than before (8.5 +/- 3.2 and 11.4 +/- 4.6, respectively, P less than 0.05). Anaerobic glycolysis, as evidenced by the lactate release, was also lowered after the training (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, the present study shows that the increased exercise capacity following physical training in claudicants is associated with an increased local aerobic working capacity despite a virtually unchanged blood flow. This increased aerobic exercise capacity might partly be explained by an increased O2 extraction in the lower leg during exercise.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1978 May
PMID:Effects of physical training in intermittent claudication. 66 44

The influence of 12 h of fasting after prolonged severe exercise on the muscle glycogen concentration was studed in 5 normal subjects. The subjects exercised in the post absorptive state at 70% of max. Vo2 till exhaustion, then rested for 12 h. No food was allowed during recovery. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained before exercise, immediately after the cessation of exercise, and after 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 h of recovery. Muscle glycogen content decreased from 70.4 +/- 3.0 to 21.6 +/- 3.9 mmol glucosyl units/kg w.w. in response to exercise. After 4 h of recovery muscle glycogen had increased to 28.8 +/- 3.6 mmol glucosyl units/kg (P less than 0.025). During the next 8 h of recovery no further increase in glycogen concentration was observed. Mean plasma glucose concentration was observed. Mean plasma glucose concentration decreased from 5.25 +/- 0.16 to 4.37 +/- 0.18 mmol/l during exercise (P less than 0.001). No change in the plasma glucose level was observed during recovery. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentration decreased from 15.9 +/- 1.0 to 10.2 +/- 0.5 micromicron/ml (P less than 0.001) during exercise, and remained at this level during recovery. It is concluded that some muscle glycogen repletion may occur after prolonged, severe exercise even under fasting conditions. It is suggested that this may proceed through an increased hepatic gluconeogenesis.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1978 Oct
PMID:Muscle glycogen concentration during recovery after prolonged severe exercise in fasting subjects. 70 38

To evaluate the roles of circulating hydrogen ion and lactate in the production of exercise-induced asthma, two experiments were performed. In the first, we exercised six asthmatic subjects to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer while recording arterial pH at periodic intervals. Multiple aspects of pulmonary mechanics were measured before and after the work load. After recovery, the identical procedures were repeated, but sufficient quantities of sodium bicarbonate were infused to keep the pH at the pre-exercise level. In both experiments, statistically identical attacks of asthma were induced. To study the effect of lactate, five subjects were exercised on several occasions in order to determine the lowest level of work, and hence arterial lactate, that was reproducibly associated with an acute asthma attack. When this was known, sufficient quantities of sodium lactate were infused into the resting subjects so as to equal or exceed the amount produced with exercise. Pulmonary mechanics were not altered with this intervention. These findings demonstrate that lactic acidemia is not the cause of exercise-induced asthma.
J Clin Invest 1977 Sep
PMID:A critical assessment of the roles of circulating hydrogen ion and lactate in the production of exercise-induced asthma. 89 69

Kinetic enzymatic methods for analysis of substrates can be made optimum for a sensitive photometric analyzer by adjusting the activity of the triggering (catalyzing) enzyme so that the reaction rate is maximum at the time of measurement. tat this optimum activity, the exponential time constant for exhaustion of substrate equals the time between triggering and rate measurement. The scale factor (defined as measured activity divided by sample concentration in the reaction mixture) is the same for all tests. Sensitivity to substrate concentration is predictable from instrumental absorbance uncertainty and molar absorptivity of the absorbing species. These predictions from Michaelis theory were verified experimentally for pyruvate and lactate triggered with lactate dehydrogenase, for glucose triggered with hexokinase, and for triglycerides triggered with glycerol kinase, the reaction rate being measured 30 s after triggering. Sensitivities of 1.5 times 10(-7) mol/liter were achieved. Serum diluted 1000-fold and analyzed for glucose gave a repeatability of 25 mg/liter with linearity to 4.0 g/liter. Samples diluted 300-fold and analyzed for triglycerides gave 30 mg/liter repeatability, with linearity to concentrations exceeding 3.0 g/liter.
Clin Chem 1975 Aug
PMID:Making enzymatic methods optimum for measuring compounds with a kinetic analyzer. 114 29


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