Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0392674 (exhaustion)
 13,658 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-one Royal Marines undergoing jungle warfare training were studied clinically and serologically to determine the incidence and consequences of febrile illness. During acclimatization and the early part of the deployment the incidence of illness having an impact on training was low; during the latter part an outbreak of influenza B occurred, with 25 cases diagnosed clinically. Only 12 of these were confirmed serologically, probably because the outbreak was still in progress when the second samples were taken. A further four subclinical cases were uncovered by the serological study. Five cases of heat exhaustion occurred, one Marine suffering two episodes. Four patients required case-vac from the jungle. Three Marines were found to have serological evidence of previous acute Q fever, including the patient who had two episodes of heat exhaustion. This incidence is higher than expected, and warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Influenza B, Q fever, and the consequences of febrile illness occurring during jungle warfare training: a clinical and serological study. 260 Aug 90

The referral pattern of 334 patients admitted to a neurosurgical clinic with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was analyzed. Forty-nine percent of the patients were admitted after the day following the SAH. Failure of patients to seek prompt medical care was a cause of delay in 29 patients and of physician diagnostic errors in 95 patients. Common misdiagnoses included migraine, mental exhaustion, sinusitis, and influenza. A delay at the referring hospital was observed in 97 patients. Early intervention is important for the optimal management of patients with SAH. Educating the public, medical students, and physicians about the signs and symptoms of SAH and the importance of prompt therapy is likely to improve overall outcome after aneurysmal rupture.
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PMID:Referral pattern of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. 336 73

The main side-effects of BCG vaccination by scarification in 511 patients with malignant melanoma since 1974 have been fatigue and exhaustion, swelling of the lymph-nodes, influenza-like symptoms, nausea and dizziness. Only in 8 patients were the side-effects more severe, requiring the cessation of treatment in some of them. One patient developed granulomatous hepatitis, another experienced a reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis. Allergic reactions occurred in two patients. A further patient developed recurrent erysipelas in the draining areas of the scarification. In two patients we observed continuous severe joint troubles, which were not due to metastatic disease. The eighth patient developed keloids at the vaccination sites on the upper arms. One third of the patients had no side-effects. Altogether vaccinations were tolerated well by most of the patients. Nearly all of them were able to work normally.
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PMID:[Side effects of BCG immune therapy in 511 patients with malignant melanoma]. 670 81

For a study of the interactions of strenuous physical exercise (daily swimming to exhaustion) and a viral as compared with a bacterial infection with regard to the clinical course and the biochemical response of the myocardium, influenza and tularemia of similar lethality were used in mice. In both infections, expected infection-induced catabolic alterations in the ventricular myocardium were evident 2 days before median lethality was achieved, with a more pronounced wasting in influenza than in tularemia. Exercise before inoculation (preconditioning) was beneficial in that the catabolic effects of both infections were limited and lethality in influenza was reduced. Thus, the myocardial protein-degrading effect of influenza did not occur with preconditioning, and oxidative tissue enzyme activities decreased less. In tularemia, cytochrome c oxidase activity was fully preserved with preconditioning, and activation of catalase was less pronounced. Exercise during ongoing infection counteracted the infection-induced decrease in the activities of glycolytic and oxidative enzymes in tularemia, but lethality and bacterial counts in the spleen were uninfluenced. Conversely, exhaustive exercise in influenza increased lethality and had no significant effect on cardiac enzymes. These exercise models caused no major alterations in activation of lysosomal enzymes (beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D).
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PMID:Modifying effects of exercise on clinical course and biochemical response of the myocardium in influenza and tularemia in mice. 674 2

The development of influenza virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) is diminished in H-2b mice that are homozygous (-/-) for disruption of the H-2lAb gene. Virus clearance was not obviously delayed when compared with the congenic H-2lAb (+/+) controls, and evidence of CTL activity was apparent for inflammatory cells recovered from the respiratory tract in both cases. However, the virus-specific CTLp that are normally present in the regional lymph nodes and in the infected lung were evidently being consumed at the peak of the host response to give the terminally differentiated CTL effectors. Even so, any exhaustion of the CTLp pool was apparently transitory with this localized infection as, though the frequencies were consistently lower than those found for the (+/+) controls, CTLp could be detected reproducibly in both lymph nodes and spleen through 14 mo after infection. Analysis of cytokine profiles during the acute response showed a substantial defect in the (-/-) mice, indicating that cytokine production is largely dependent on the influenza-specific CD4+ set.
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PMID:Characteristics of the influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cell response in mice homozygous for disruption of the H-2lAb gene. 767 13

The dramatic increase in the cellularity of the mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) of mice infected intranasally (i.n.) with influenza viruses is a consequence of both recruitment and proliferation. As many as 20% of the CD8+ subset in the MLN can be shown to be in S or G2 + M phase at 6 days after i.n. challenge with the HKx31 influenza A virus, the percentage of of cycling cells being approximately five times greater for the activated/memory substantial evidence of apoptosis was found for CD8+ T cells recovered from the MLN and lung, particularly at 5 and 7 days after infection. Less than 1/100 of the proliferating T cells could be shown, by limiting dilution analysis (LDA), to be influenza virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp). A single, low dose (20 mg/kg) of the DNA-targeted drug cyclophosphamide (Cy) caused a massive decrease in frequency for the responding CD8+ CTLp, though the mice survived infection with the HKx31 virus and there was no long-term exhaustion of the CTLp pool in the MLN, spleen, or lung. The Cy treatment was also followed by a smaller reduction in the prevalence of memory CTLp (specific for Sendai virus) that were present concurrently in the regional lymph node, indicating that a measure of bystander activation is occurring. The experiments show that respiratory virus infections have no negative impact on established T cell memory, and that there is no phase of transient exhaustion in the acute virus-specific CTLp response in this localized infection.
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PMID:Recruitment and proliferation of CD8+ T cells in respiratory virus infections. 775 44

The present investigation indicate that homologous polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Experiments on the exhaustion of immune sera with vaccine have revealed that anti-idiotypic antibodies induce not only specific antibodies to influenza virus antigens, but also antibodies to other epitopes of the globulin molecule of the anti-idiotype. Anti-idiotypic antibodies, when reintroduced into animals, induce the production of anti-influenza antibodies of the anamnestic type, but do not induce the formation of antihemagglutinins. The injection of influenza vaccine to animals, previously immunized with anti-idiotypic antibodies, induces the production of antihemagglutinins; an increase in the level of immune complexes and antibodies to anti-idiotype, i.e. anti-idiotypic antibodies, induces the development of immunological memory with respect to influenza virus antigens, including antihemagglutinins.
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PMID:[The induction of an immune response to influenza virus antigens by anti-idiotypic antibodies]. 777 73

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by a sudden onset of an influenza-like illness followed by marked chronic fatigue and abnormal exercise-induced exhaustion. The precise pathogenesis of this disorder is unknown, but viral infection triggering immune imbalance has been suggested. The literature on CFS is reviewed. We find no consistent support for chronic viral infection or immunological dysfunction. The data in the published studies are rather conflicting, and further research in order to identify parameters that differentiate CFS from other disorders is necessary.
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PMID:[Chronic fatigue syndrome--a defined unity?]. 770 41

CFIDS (chronic fatigue and immune disfunction syndrome) is also known as CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome), CEBV (chronic Epstein-Barr virus), M.E. (myalgic encephalomyelitis), yuppie flu and by other names. It is a complex illness characterized by incapacitating fatigue (experienced as exhaustion and extremely poor stamina), neurological problems and a constellation of symptoms that can resemble many disorders, including; mononucleosis, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, AIDS-related complex (ARC) and autoimmune diseases such as lupus. These symptoms tend to wax and wane, but any often severely debilitating and may last for many months or years. All sections of the population (including children) are at risk, but women under 45 seem to be most susceptible. The investigators suggest that CFIDS results from dysfunction of the immune system. The exact nature of this dysfunction is not yet well defined, but it can generally be viewed as an unregulated or overactive state which is responsible for most of the symptoms. There is also evidence of some immune suppression in CFIDS. None of the treatments is consistently satisfactory, but some may be helpful: psychotherapy, physiotherapy, exercise programs, acupunctures, small doses of antidepressants, etc.
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PMID:[The chronic fatigue syndrome]. 790 Apr 53

Interferons are usage in therapy patients with chronic viral hepatitis (ch). Independently apart from therapy effects, lots of side effects are observed. The neuropsychiatrical side effects are most often and maybe hinder of interferon therapy. Among patients with ch B and C were estimated efficiency, type and frequency of side effects after interferon therapy. Especially symptoms disorders of central nervous system were observed between all side effects. The 67 patients: 20 with ch B, 45 with ch C and 2 with ch B retherapy by interferon were estimated. The lymphoblastoid interferon: alpha n1, Wellferon (Wellcome/Great Britain) and recombinant interferon alpha 2b, Roferon (Roche/Switzerland) and Intron-A (Schering-Plough/USA) were administrated. The efficiencies of treatment were observed after 6 month from finished interferon therapy. Elimination of polymerase HBV-DNA, antigens: HBs, HBe and antibody HBcIgM and normalization of aminotransferase activity in serum, were evaluated in patients with ch B. Elimination of HCV-RNA and normalization of aminotransferase activity in serum was evaluated in patients with ch C. Among neuropsychiatrical side effects was study. The frequently of irritability, fatigue neurosis, disorders of psychomotion activity, vegetative symptoms, somatic symptoms and disorder of higher mind processes. Grow excitability of sensorimotor, affective, irritability of vegetative system, were examined among irritability symptoms. Deficiency activity of polymerase HBV-DNA was observed in 40% patients with ch B. Deficiency of RNA-HCV in serum was observed in 31% patients with ch C. The flu-likely syndrome was observed at the beginning interferon therapy in 85% patients. Among patients treated with interferon were observed side effects: hair loss (29% patients), disorder of vision (29%), thrombocytopenia (< 50,000 mm3) (29%), leukopenia (< 2,000 mm3) (16%). The neurasthenia was detected in 60% patients with ch B and 50% patients with ch C. Neurasthenia most often manifested by irritable and quickly exhaustion of strength. 53% patients with ch B and 42% patients with ch C manifested disorders of psychomotion activity. Disorders of higher mind processes were in 50% patients with ch B and 33% with ch C. The neurological side effects were not influence on modification therapy. The flu-likely syndrome was observed at the beginning interferon therapy in majority patients treat with interferon. The neuropsychiatrical disorders are frequently watching of interferon therapy in patients with ch B and C.
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PMID:[The neuropsychiatric side effects of the interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C]. 1052 2


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