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Query: UMLS:C0392326 (discomfort)
 22,423 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a multicentre study 15 physicians investigated the therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of Faktu suppositories and ointment (containing the active principle of Albothyl, a condensation product of m-cresolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde) in 585 patients with proctological affections. Highly satisfactory results were achieved in 486 patients (83.1%). The following were found to be the main indications: -treatment of wounds after proctological operations, -fresh and fissures, -bleeding internal haemorrhoids, -anal eczema and anal pruritus, -rhagades and perforated or prolapsed external haemorrhoids (perianal thrombosis). None of the investigators reported any persisting adverse side-effects. 16% of the patients complained of local discomfort of varying intensity such as pruritus, burning or irritation. The symptoms mostly appeared on commencement of the treatment and necessitated discontinuation of therapy in 5.3% only. The extremely favourable effect of Albothyl - the active principle of Faktu - is due to its unique mechanism of action: the markedly acid milieu of the substance. Furthermore the Faktu preparations do not contain any steroids and consequently they can be used without any misgivings over prolonged periods.
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PMID:[Multicenter clinical study of a novel steroid-free preparation in proctology]. 13 41

Occupational exposure to formaldehyde often causes nasal discomfort. The objective of this study was to determine whether chronic exposure to formaldehyde causes annoying symptoms by direct irritation and whether it affects all exposed people (through hyperreactivity in atopic persons, through formaldehyde-induced hyperreactivity also in nonatopic persons, or through an immunologically mediated, immediate type 1 reaction to formaldehyde itself). It was found that about 50% of the studied population of 66 workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde during formaldehyde production experienced nasal discomfort through hyperreactivity. Atopics were not significantly overrepresented among the persons with occupational nasal symptoms. Two workers with isolated occupational nasal discomfort, and sensitized by long-term inhalation, had a positive radioallergosorbent test for formaldehyde. The conclusion was reached that exposure to formaldehyde should be minimized as much as possible for all people, not only for atopic persons.
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PMID:Possible mechanisms of formaldehyde-induced discomfort in the upper airways. 148 66

A survey was carried out in response to complaints of increased respiratory symptoms in children at schools near a foundry in Walsall, West Midlands. Air monitoring around the factory had shown concentrations of formaldehyde most of which were orders of magnitude below the current occupational exposure limit of 2.5 mg/m3, although concentrations up to 0.3 mg/m3 had been recorded over short periods. The study sample comprised children aged 6.8-7.8 years from 39 schools in the borough. Information about respiratory symptoms and potential risk factors for respiratory disease was elicited from parents by a self administered questionnaire. Data were obtained on 1334 children, a response rate of 81.8%. The prevalences of reported wheeze (11.1%), breathlessness (7.7%), and chest discomfort (8.6%) were similar to those in an earlier survey carried out in Southampton by the same method at the same time of year. Cough (prevalence = 18.4%) and chestiness at night (14.6%) were significantly less common than in Southampton. When sex, social class, housing tenure, passive smoking, and parental history of asthma were taken into account, the prevalences of symptoms at schools within one mile of the foundry were generally lower than in other parts of Walsall. These findings give no support to the hypothesis that foundry emissions cause respiratory disease in children, although an adverse effect in a few sensitive children cannot be ruled out.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms in children at schools near a foundry. 191

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a common chemical found in occupational and residential environments and has been suggested as a cause of asthmalike symptoms in some individuals. Clinical and animal studies suggest that HCHO adsorbed on respirable particles may elicit a greater pulmonary physiologic and inflammatory effect than gaseous HCHO alone. The purpose of this study was to determine if respirable carbon particles have a synergistic effect on the acute symptomatic and pulmonary physiologic response to HCHO inhalation. We randomly exposed 24 normal, nonsmoking, methacholine-nonreactive subjects to 2 h each of clean air, 3 ppm formaldehyde, 0.5 mg/m3 respirable activated carbon aerosol, and the combination of 3 ppm formaldehyde plus activated carbon aerosol. The subjects engaged in intermittent heavy bicycle exercise (VE = 57 l/min) for 15 min each half hour. Measures of response included symptom questionnaires, spirometry, body plethysmography, and postexposure serial peak flows. Formaldehyde exposure was associated with significant increases in reported eye irritation, nasal irritation, throat irritation, headache, chest discomfort, and odor. We observed synergistic increases in cough, but not in other irritant respiratory tract symptoms, with inhalation of formaldehyde and carbon. Small (less than 5%) synergistic decreases in FVC and FEV3 were also seen. We observed no HCHO effect on FEV1; however, we did observe small (less than 10%) significant decreases in FEF25-75% and SGaw which may be indicative of increased airway tone. Overall, our results demonstrated synergism, but the effect is small and its clinical significance is uncertain.
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PMID:Acute pulmonary response in healthy, nonsmoking adults to inhalation of formaldehyde and carbon. 258 34

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a new acellular pertussis vaccine were tested in healthy adults. The vaccine contained three constituents of Bordetella pertussis; filamentous haemagglutinin, pertussis toxin (PT) and fimbriae bearing agglutinogens 2 and 3. The constituents were separately purified, treated with formaldehyde and combined with one of two aluminium adjuvants. Subjects received one dose of vaccine or an appropriate adjuvant-only preparation and were monitored for clinical responses for 7 days. Results with the two forms of vaccine were similar. Of 35 vaccinees, none had a temperature higher than 37 degrees C or a severe reaction, one had a moderate reaction (possibly due in part to intercurrent infection) and nine had mild reactions confined to localized discomfort and/or erythema or induration at the injection site. All vaccinees had good serum antibody responses to vaccine antigens measured by ELISA and for PT, by neutralization of its effects on Chinese hamster ovary cells.
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PMID:Trial of a new acellular pertussis vaccine in healthy adult volunteers. 328 87

The composition of exhaust emissions from two-stroke chain saw engines was studied. The emissions of exhaust were sampled and analyzed under controlled laboratory experiments. The compounds sampled were those considered primarily responsible for acute health effects--hydrocarbons, aldehydes, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Exposure to tetramethyllead, dibromoethane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons also was monitored. The results revealed no significant differences in the exhaust emissions from seven different chain saws. Heavily worn-out chain saws do not emit increased amounts of exhaust. A lean fuel-air mixture increases the emission of aldehydes and nitrogen oxides, whereas a rich mixture increases emission of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Based on these new data on the composition of two-stroke chain saw exhaust emissions, operator exposure to chain saw exhaust was evaluated under various logging situations. Exposure measurements revealed no difference in average levels of exposure between logging in the presence or in the absence of snow. The felling operation, however, results in high exposure levels of short duration--especially when the operation is performed while there is deep snow on the ground. (This operation excludes limbing and bucking into lengths.) This is judged to be the main cause of the discomfort experienced by loggers. Average exposure levels for loggers engaged only in felling are twice those for cutters who also perform limbing, bucking and manual skidding of the timber, since these latter operations involve considerably lower exposure. Typical average levels of exposure are as follows: hydrocarbons, 20 mg/m3; benzene, 0.6 mg/m3; formaldehyde, 0.1 mg/m3; and carbon monoxide, 20 mg/m3.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to chain saw exhausts in logging operations. 356 74

This paper explores the dose-response relation between formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration and reported health complaints (eye irritation, nose/throat irritation, headaches and skin rash) of nearly 2,000 residents living in 397 mobile and 494 conventional homes. The study analyzes the effects of HCHO concentration, age and sex of respondent, and smoking behavior on each of the four health effects. The results demonstrate a positive dose-response relation between HCHO concentration and reported health complaints, with reported health complaints demonstrated at HCHO concentrations of 0.1 ppm and above. Concentrations of 0.4 ppm in manufactured homes as targeted by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), may not be adequate to protect occupants from discomfort and from acute effects of HCHO exposure.
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PMID:Formaldehyde-related health complaints of residents living in mobile and conventional homes. 381 39

The Texas Department of Health sampled for formaldehyde (HCHO) in 443 mobile homes between April, 1979, and May, 1982, at the request of the occupants. Colorimetric detector tubes were used most frequently for sample acquisition. HCHO concentrations ranged from below detectable limits (less than 0.5 ppm) to 8.0 ppm. Twenty-seven percent of homes one year of age or less had mean concentrations equal to or greater than 2.0 ppm while 11.5% of older homes had concentrations of 2.0 ppm or more. An inverse relationship is demonstrated between home age and HCHO level. The primary health complaints reported were headaches, respiratory discomfort, and ocular irritation. Evidence of a dose-response relationship was not present.
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PMID:Formaldehyde complaint investigations in mobile homes by the Texas Department of Health. 399 45

Sixty-five Wisconsin mobile home households volunteered for an assessment of indoor formaldehyde gas. Sixty-one teenage and adult occupants completed health questionnaires. Formaldehyde concentrations ranged from less than 0.10 to 0.80 ppm, with the risk of ocular discomfort showing a positive dose-response relationship.
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PMID:Formaldehyde vapor in mobile homes: a cross sectional survey of concentrations and irritant effects. 633 73

The objective of these investigations was to determine a potential cause for occupational discomfort and illness in various nonindustrial situations. Since exposure to commonly used industrial chemicals was nonexistent from a job related situation, the physical environment was the only clue to potential agents. The offices had urea-formaldehyde resin products present as a common factor. Airborne measurements showed presence of formaldehyde in extremely low concentrations and well within the OSHA Standards. Current studies are examining the formaldehyde levels for various nonindustrial exposures reported.
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PMID:Formaldehyde in office and commercial environments. 684 46


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