Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0392326 (discomfort)
 22,423 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pregnant gilts and sows were given a single intramuscular injection of from 5-10 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha-tromethamine salt (dependent on liveweight) on day 111, 112 or 113 of pregnancy (first day of estrus = day 0) to induce parturition. When injected on day 111, 44% of the pigs farrowed within 40 hours compared with 93% injected on days 112 or 113. The mean time to the induced parturition was 27.3 +/- 4.7 hours. Signs of discomfort were observed during the first hour posttreatment but there were no apparent effects on lactation or on the mothering ability of the dams after farrowing.
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PMID:Control of the time of parturition in sows with prostaglandin F2alpha. 64 57

For evaluation of 14CO2-breath-tests the three most employed tests, namely glycero-14C-tripalmitate-test, 14C-lactose-tolerance-test, and 14C-glycin-cholate-test, were performed in healthy volunteers (n = 69), patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 18), manifest malassimilation (n = 8), lactase deficiency (n = 15), and patients, in whom a disturbed enterohepatic bile salt circulation was suspected (n = 19). Usefulness of malabsorption tests was limited by many false normal results. Cholylglycin-breath-test on the other hand was sensitive, but clinical significance remained questionable. In our opinion simple performance and lacking discomfort are no sufficient arguments for 14CO2-breath-test.
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PMID:[14CO2 exhalation tests. Diagnostic improvement in gastroenterologic diseases]. 96 89

A commercially available 1.0 g intravenous (i.v.) dosage formulation of methylprednisolone, as the sodium hemisuccinate salt (Solu Medrol, Upjohn) was administered both parenterally and orally (pulse steroid therapy) on separate occasions, to eight elderly (mean 65 y) patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. The relative oral bioavailability of the sterol was 69.2%. Elimination of methylprednisolone was prolonged when given orally; the mean residence times were 7.23 h and 3.94 h for oral and i.v. administrations, respectively. Clinical response to pulse steroid therapy was no different with respect to route of administration. There were no significant differences in standard clinical and laboratory assessments of disease activity when the two therapies were compared. Oral administration of methylprednisolone in patients requiring high-dose pulse steroid therapy is convenient and avoids the discomfort and inconvenience associated with i.v. administration.
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PMID:High dose oral methylprednisolone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: pharmacokinetics and clinical response. 154 21

Due to toxic side effects of aluminum-containing agents for treatment of uremic hypophosphatemia, much interest has been focused upon aluminum-free phosphate binder alternatives. From results of experimental studies with calcium acetate, this salt has been suggested as a possible effective and safe phosphate binder. In the present study, calcium acetate was used during a mean of 11 months for serum phosphate control in 30 uremic patients previously treated with aluminum and/or calcium carbonate. Satisfactory control of serum phosphate was achieved during the study (mean phosphate concentration +/- SE: 2.15 +/- 0.12 mmol/l compared to prestudy 2.23 +/- 0.19 mmol/l). Mean serum concentrations of calcium, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone did not change significantly during the study. Serum aluminum decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). Moderate hypercalcemia was observed in 6 patients. Calcium acetate treatment was withdrawn in 2 patients due to gastrointestinal discomfort. It is concluded that calcium acetate seems to be an effective phosphate binder alternative with relatively few side effects.
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PMID:Calcium acetate used as phosphate binding treatment in uremic hyperphosphatemia. 168 Apr 30

Sucralfate, an aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate, has been shown to be effective in reducing the discomfort of radiation therapy-induced oral mucositis. This study was done to determine whether sucralfate could be used as a nutritional source for dental caries-producing organisms. Three Streptococcus strains were cultured in a defined medium. Sucralfate powder was evaluated for its ability to be used as a carbohydrate food source by these organisms. The addition of sucralfate alone did not stimulate the organism's growth. The addition of sucralfate and glucose resulted in less growth than the addition of glucose alone. Increasing the sucralfate concentration from 1% to 10% in the glucose-containing cultures resulted in statistically significant growth inhibition (p less than 0.02). Sucralfate appears to have no cariogenic potential and may have some cariostatic potential.
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PMID:The effect of sucralfate on the growth of cariogenic streptococci. 177 88

It has been shown that prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) is a more potent ocular hypotensive agent in cats than other PG free acids. We report here that significant IOP reduction can be achieved in normotensive cat eyes with the use of even lower doses of PGA2-1-isopropyl ester (PGA2-IE) than with PGA2, PGF2 alpha-1-isopropyl ester (PGF2 alpha-IE), or any other known ocular hypotensive agent. Furthermore, single applications of 0.5 microgram of PGA2-IE maintain significant IOP reductions for at least 24 hr. This hypotensive effect is enhanced during the first 3-5 days of daily treatment. Significant IOP reductions were maintained for several months as long as PGA2-IE was applied daily or at least once every 48 hr. None of the cats manifested signs of discomfort in response to treatment with doses ranging from 0.10 to 1.25 micrograms of PGA2-IE. Moreover, the extent of anterior chamber flare was less than that typically observed after the topical application of hypotensive doses of PGE2, PGD2, PGF2 alpha, or the esters or tromethamine salt of PGF2 alpha. Although it is possible that the human eye would respond differently to PGs of the A type, the results of these studies suggests that PGA2-IE or other esters of derived PGs of the A type, and probably the B type, may offer significant therapeutic advantages over the PGF2 alpha tromethamine salt and PGF2 alpha-IE, which have been shown to exert significant hypotensive effects on normal and glaucomatous human eyes.
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PMID:Eicosanoids as a new class of ocular hypotensive agents. 3. Prostaglandin A2-1-isopropyl ester is the most potent reported hypotensive agent on feline eyes. 233 24

Hexabrix, a low-osmolality radiographic contrast agent consisting of the meglumine and sodium salt of ioxaglic acid (600 mOsm/kg), was evaluated in 50 children undergoing cardiac catheterization in a randomized double-blind manner. In comparison with a conventional radiographic contrast agent (Renografin-76), Hexabrix produced a marked reduction in the pain or discomfort after the injection. Neither agent produced any significant change in pulse or respiratory rates or blood pressure. Changes in left and right ventricular pressures were small and comparable for both groups. Significant dysrhythmias were not noted. There was no evidence of deterioration in renal or hepatic function in either group. Serum LDH and CPK increased comparably with both contrast agents but without any definite evidence of myocardial injury. Postinjection increases in serum osmolality were slightly, but not significantly, higher with Renografin. In the first few hours following the procedure there was an increase in circulating segmented neutrophils and a reciprocal decrease in lymphocytes; this was transient and gone by 24 hours. Radiographic image quality was judged good or excellent in almost all cases. Hexabrix is a contrast agent that is significantly better tolerated than conventional agents and is associated with no greater incidence of side-effects while producing radiographic images of equivalent quality.
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PMID:A double-blind randomized clinical study of the safety, tolerability and efficacy of Hexabrix in pediatric angiocardiography. 639 63

The effect of a ten-day dietary sodium load on the fluid balance of mink was studied by adding to the food NaCl 0.5, 1 or 2% of the wet weight. The basic diet without salt addition contained sodium corresponding to 0.5% NaCl of the wet weight. The animals showed no signs of discomfort, eating well in all test groups. Adding of 0.5% salt to the food did not increase drinking of water, whereas 1 and 2% salt addition doubled and quadrupled water consumption, respectively. Urine excretion was slightly higher than consumption of drinking water, and both increased parallelly to increasing salt intake. The dietary salt excess was mainly excreted in urine, whereas the alimentary canal played only a minor role. Urine sodium concentration rose with increasing salt intake, peak concentration 350 mM being reached in the diet with 1% salt addition. On higher sodium load any further increase in renal sodium excretion was achieved only by increasing the volume of urine. Urine osmolality was slightly above 2000 mOsm/kg on the control diet and on the diet with 0.5% salt addition. More diluted urine was excreted on higher salt loads, urine osmolality being 1500 mOsm/kg on the diet with 2% salt addition. Healthy minks appear to tolerate considerably high concentrations of salt in the feed. However, a sufficient supply of drinking water is of critical importance, because increased water intake and renal sodium excretion are the main means of eliminating excess salt.
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PMID:Water and electrolyte balance in male mink (Mustela vison) on varying dietary NaCl intake. 659 64

Butyrate analogues have been shown to increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production in vitro and in vivo. Sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB), an oral agent used to treat individuals with urea-cycle disorders, has been shown to increase HbF in nonanemic individuals and in individuals with sickle cell disease. We have treated eleven patients with homozygous beta thalassemia (three transfusion dependent) and one sickle-beta-thalassemia patient with 20 g/d (forty 500-mg tablets) of SPB for 41 to 460 days. All patients showed an increase in the percent of F reticulocytes associated with treatment, but only four patients responded by increasing their Hb levels by greater than 1 g/dL (mean increase, 2.1 g/dL; range, 1.2 to 2.8 g/dL). None of the transfusion-dependent thalassemia subjects responded. Increase in Hb was associated with an increase in red blood cell number (mean increase, 0.62 x 10(12)/L), and mean corpuscular volume (mean increase, 6 fL). Changes in percent HbF, absolute HbF levels, or alpha- to non-alpha-globin ratios as measured by levels of mRNA and globin protein in peripheral blood did not correlate with response to treatment. Response to treatment was not associated with the type of beta-globin mutation, but baseline erythropoietin levels of greater than 120 mU/mL was seen in all responders and only two of eight nonresponders to SPB. Compliance with treatment was greater than 90% as measured by pill counts. Side effects of the drug included weight gain and/or edema caused by increase salt load in 2/12, transient epigastric discomfort in 7/12, and abnormal body odor in 3/12 subjects. Two splenectomized patients who were not on prophylactic antibiotics developed sepsis while on treatment. We conclude that SPB increases Hb in some patients with thalassemia, but the precise mechanism of action is unknown.
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PMID:Oral sodium phenylbutyrate therapy in homozygous beta thalassemia: a clinical trial. 752 72

Radiotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of malignancies in the pelvis. Consequently, there is usually exposure of the intestine and especially the lower colon and rectum, with ensuing disturbances in bowel habits at different times following radiotherapy. The main problem is diarrhoea associated with lactose intolerance, bile salt absorption and fat malabsorption. Bacterial contamination has also been described. In the present study we have evaluated the influence of the active administration of specific bacterial cultures in fermented milk, which inhibit the growth of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, to 40 consecutive patients with chronic alteration in their bowel habits caused by previous radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies. The results suggest that intake of fermented milk products could be of value in decreasing chronic bowel discomfort following radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies. However, a more extensive study is warranted in order to very the significance of the results and to find the optimal product.
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PMID:Effects of active addition of bacterial cultures in fermented milk to patients with chronic bowel discomfort following irradiation. 769 8


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