Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0392326 (discomfort)
 22,423 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new method of providing continence to patients with fecal stomas is presented. The device, used as an artificial sphincter, consists of an inflatable Silastic balloon, which is implanted in the subcutaneous tissue around the stoma; it is easily handled by the patient. The artificial sphincter was used in six patients with colostomies. In all cases, satisfactory continence of the stoma was achieved, obviating the need to use enemas, bags or other appliances. In three patients subcutaneous infections developed around the prosthesis. In two cases, this was readily controlled; in one case, the prosthesis had to be removed. The other five patients are well and continent. None of the patients experienced pain or discomfort during use of the prosthesis. There has been no stomal ischemia.
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PMID:An artificial sphincter: a preliminary report. 73 70

One thousand eight hundred eight uncemented total hip replacements have been performed during the last 14 years. The prototype and early models, 11-14 years later have retained a satisfactory result in 56% of cases, and the valgus prostheses, 6-11 years after implantation retain a satisfactory result in 85% of cases. The models in current use, with a standard neck shaft angle, and a range of implants to fit the medullary canal securely, have given a satisfactory result in 94% of patients in a one to 6 year survey. Of the whole series 101 hips (5.5%) have required further surgical treatment, mainly for interface pain but only 9 patients (0.5%) have finally ended with a resection-pseudarthrosis, all for infection. The overall results of the operation appear comparable with those of cemented metal on metal implants, but the frequency of minor discomfort on weightbearing is probably greater than that which follows a cemented on plastic articulation. Against this must be balanced the low risk of infection, and the ease with which revisional surgery can be performed.
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PMID:Five to fourteen year interim results of uncemented total hip arthroplasty. 74 49

Several animal irritancy test methods whose criteria include sensory response, pain/discomfort or tissue damage were evaluated as to their ability to assess relative irritancy potential of the following surfactants: sodium lauryl polyether (12) sulfate (SLES), Miranol C2M (MC2M), Miranol MHT (MMHT), sodium coco methyl tauride (SCMT), triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (TEALS), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). Data from the mouse upper respiratory tract and mouse writhing tests indicated that SLES, MC2M and MMHT were the least irritating and SLS, ALS and TEALS were the most irritating. The blepharospasm test did not lend itself to this type of evaluation because sequential instillation of the surfactants produced eye anesthesia. Data from the Draize eye test indicated that SLES was the least irritating while MC2M was slightly more irritating. All other surfactants were equally irritating. The Draize skin test results showed that SLES again was the least irritating at all concentrations tested and that SLS and ALS along with TEALS and SCMT were the most irritating.
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PMID:The determination of the irritancy potential of surfactants using various methods of assessment. 75 72

In an open study of 40 patients with chronic rheumatoid polyarthritis, azapropazone was given alone in daily doses between 1200 mg. and 1800 mg. over a period of 6 months. Six patients were withdrawn, 2 because of side-effects (1 with an allergic-type rash; 1 with ankle oedema) and 4 because azapropazone alone did not provide adequate control of their pain and discomfort. Objective assessments showed that 18 patients had a 'good' or 'very good' response to treatment, and a further 16 showed moderate improvement. These findings were supported by the patients' subjective assessment of the change in their condition from the start of the trial. In addition, 22 patients showed a significant decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate. There was no evidence of adverse effects on any of the haematological and biochemical parameters measured, and the incidence of side-effects was low.
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PMID:Prolonged treatment with azapropazone. 77 84

The usefulness and advantages of diagnostic ultrasound (sonar) scanning as an aid in the investigation of soft-tissue masses, are illustrated in a number of patients with such masses in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. These illustrative cases show that sonar scanning can reveal the size, shape, anatomical relations, and consistency of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal masses. Sonar scanning is particularly valuable in differentiating cystic from solid masses. Furthermore, clinically unsuspected masses can be detected. Sonar scanning is harmless, relatively quick, non-invasive and causes no pain or discomfort. These factors are of particular importance in postoperative and acutely ill patients.
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PMID:The role of diagnositc ultrasound in the assessment of masses in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. 78 99

In a double-blind, crossover study in 28 patients having infections susceptible to cephalosporins (mostly Staphylococcus or Streptococcus), phlebitis developed in twice as many patients (46.4%) receiving intravenous cephalothin within 48 hours, as in patients (21.4%) receiving intravenous cefazolin over the same time period. Likewise, drug therapy had to be discontinued more frequently with cephalothin (39%) than with cefazolin (21%), and the percentage of patients reporting pain or discomfort scores of 1+ or higher was greater with cephalothin (46.4%) than with cefazolin (21.4%). In our study, the intravenous administration of cefazolin was associated with a lower incidence of phlebitis than was cephalothin.
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PMID:Double-blind comparison of phlebitis associated with cefazolin and cephalothin. 78 68

Seventy unselected subjects were anaesthetized for major surgical operations with intravenous hydromorphone, nitrous oxide and muscle relaxants as required. The results were compared with earlier observations made with morphine under similar conditions on 44 other subjects from the same hospital population. Hydromorphone was found to be 8.5 times as potent as morphine in terms of the median surgical loading dose, and its median therapeutic half-life was 4.07 hours against morphine's 5.28 hours. It proved to be superior to morphine in its greater consistency of action. The mid-90 per cent variance of its loading dose was 30% less and the same variance of its therapeutic half-life was 65% less than that of morphine. All the differences were statistically significant or highly significant. Observations concerning the fraction of the surgical loading dose of hydromorphone required by the patients to prevent post-operative discomfort also revealed great consistency. This is taken to indicate that psychological factors play only a subordinate role in modulating the intensity of postoperative pain.
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PMID:Anaesthesia time/dose curves IX: the use of hydromorphone in surgical anaesthesia and postoperative pain relief in comparison to morphine. 79 62

Psychoanalytic advances have led to refinement and reformulation of early models of female personality development. Masochism was taken as a point of departure for a study of the psychology of women and earlier hypotheses of a masochistic and inferior female psychic structure. Masochism is a residue of unresolved infantile conflict and is neither essentially feminine nor a valuable component of mature female function and character. Though the female might be more predisposed to masochism, there is no evidence of particular female pleasure in pain. It is important to distinguish between masochistic suffering as a goal in itself, and tolerance for a discomfort or deprivation in the service of the ego or ego ideal. Initial hypotheses of a diminished female libido, ego tendencies toward arrest and rigidity, relative inability to sublimate, and a deficient superego are incomplete and obsolete theoretical propositions. The female ego and superego are different from but not inferior to the male. Female development cannot be described in a simple reductionism and overgeneralization. Femininity cannot be predominantly derived from a primary masculinity, disappointed maleness, masochistic resignation to fantasied inferiority, or compensation for fantasied castration and narcissistic injury. Castration reactions and penis envy contribute to feminine character, but penis envy is not the major determinant of femininity. Penis envy variously impedes and fosters femininity but penis envy is more closely related to the girl's bisexual masculinity. The female Oedipus complex is central to feminine development, but has significant normative roots in primary and positive feminine identifications and individuation. Contemporary contributions to the psychology of women have emphasized concepts of gender and sexual identity, body image and self-representation, psychosexual response and empathic motherliness, etc. The female superego includes an ego ideal with feminine ideals and values and regulates feminine interests. The maternal ego ideal consolidates overdetermined maternal attitudes, guides the formation and integration of maternal attitudes, and directs the developmental achievement of "the ordinary devoted mother." Conflicts between the maternal ego ideal and infanticidal impulses are ubiquitous and clinically significant. Current theoretical amendments conceptualize mature female autonomy, pride, and self-esteem. Female creativity may be exemplified in many and new forms in addition to motherhood. The capacity to sublimate and to foster sublimation in children is a prerequisite for normal motherhood. Femininity evolves under the influence of parents and culture, with unique developmental challenges and transformations, and a universal psychobiological core linked to functions and roles that should be neither idealized nor devalued.
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PMID:Masochism, the ego ideal, and the psychology of women. 80 42

A resection method for the palatal root of the maxillary molar is presented, in which the tip of the root is exposed by widening the resection opening of the buccal roots into the maxillary sinus and by lifting the periosteum from its underlying tissue above the tip of the root. The method suits cases in which the mucous membrane of the sinus is healthy and the floor of the sinus extends between the roots or the tip of the root is close to the sinus. By this method, palatal opening and damage to the mucous membrane of the sinus are avoided. Pain and discomfort are minimal. In addition, the topographic anatomy of the floor of the maxillary sinus and the dental roots and radiographic methods suitable for diagnostics are discussed.
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PMID:Transantral, subperiosteal resection of the palatal root of maxillary molars. 81 90

This report presents a retrospective review of 670 patients who underwent 3,208 rubber band ligations for internal hemorrhoids. Complications after banding were limited to pain and bleeding. Mild to moderate discomfort occurred in 32 patients (4.8%), while pain severe enough to limit activity occurred in only four patients (0.6%). Slight bleeding was noted in 19 patients (3%), and was severe in nine (1%). Of the latter, only two required hospitalization and cautery, while the remainder subsided on bedrest at home. Banding is discussed in comparison to sclero-therapy, anal dilation and cryohemorrhoidectomy, as well as operative hemorrhoidectomy, and is found to offer not only safety, but major advantages with regard to comfort, convenience, and cost.
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PMID:An alternative to hemorrhoidectomy. 84 65


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