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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

While probably not necessary in routine diagnosis, whole-mount sections of radical prostatectomy specimens can provide valuable information that is difficult to obtain by other means. Contrary to popular belief, the technique can be carried out in the routine histology laboratory with only minor modifications of existing methods. The use of this technique has provided valuable insight into the tumor biology of early stage prostatic cancer pointing to a multifocal origin for this disease. Likewise, the study of tumor volume, histological grade, and capsular penetration has provided a basis for the use of such prognostic markers in clinical management. The continuing development of new screening tools such as TRUS and MRI requires careful correlation with histopathology to assure a fundamental understanding of their abilities and limitations to detect and stage early-stage tumors. Only with such continued effort will diagnosis and clinical intervention allow us to make a meaningful impact on the natural history of this common malignancy.
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PMID:Diagnostic correlations with whole mounts of radical prostatectomy specimens. 140 41

Normal bone marrow MRI has a distinct pattern with STIR pulse sequence MRI. The central low signal intensity area corresponds to fatty marrow. The red marrow is distributed in the peripheral portion of the vertebrae and shows a high signal intensity. Prostatic cancer metastases to the bone marrow revealed a high signal intensity with STIR. Prior to the appearance of an abnormal scintigram and radiograph, MRI was able to depict an abnormality.
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PMID:Bone marrow MRI in prostate cancer. 149 18

Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate was performed in eight patients prior to radical prostatectomy. The results of the imaging studies were then directly compared to histopathologic findings from whole-mount histologic sections. Magnetic resonance imaging identified 82% of cancers greater than 5 mm in minimal diameter. Cancers were identified as areas of decreased signal intensity compared to the high signal intensity peripheral zone on long TR/TE sequences. Cancers were best detected when they involved the middle level of the gland and the posterior half of the prostate. Of the individual tumors identified by imaging, the amount of tumor involvement was underestimated by 37% and overestimated by 22% by MRI. We conclude that magnetic resonance imaging can identify prostate cancer, but has limitations as a screening modality and in accurately assessing the amount of involvement of the prostate gland by cancer.
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PMID:Prostate cancer: comparison of pre-operative 0.35 T MRI with whole-mount histopathology. 169 49

Two cases of prostatic cancer with single bone metastasis in the tibia are discussed. The intense uniform involvement of a solitary limb bone with high perfusion and blood pool activity in the 3-phase bone scan and the positive white blood cell scan (observed in one case) were not typical for a metastatic bone lesion. Conventional radiomorphology--lamellar, periosteal reaction, disseminated medullar sclerosis, no localized lesion--also led to other differential considerations such as osteomyelitis and malignant lymphoma, which could not be specified by CT and MRI. Even if there is no typical morphology in scintigraphic and radiologic imaging, biopsy should be performed to exclude bone metastasis in prostatic cancer.
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PMID:[Atypical bone metastases in prostate cancer]. 187 83

Transurethral ultrasonography was used to demonstrate the local extension of prostatic cancer in 18 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. By ultrasonography, capsular penetration of the carcinoma was judged from irregularity and protrusion of the capsule. Infiltration to the seminal vesicle was determined by asymmetry on the echogram. The ultrasound staging was compared to the pathological findings of the step sectioned specimens obtained by total prostatectomy. The accuracy of transurethral ultrasonography in demonstrating the local extension was 94%. The accuracy rates in detecting capsular penetration and depicting seminal vesicle infiltration were 94% and 72%, respectively. The local extension of prostatic cancer has been evaluated by transrectal and transabdominal scannings. Ultrasonography is considered to be more reliable than digital rectal examination, CT or MRI in the preoperative staging of the prostatic cancer. The present study revealed that transurethral ultrasonography had advantage in demonstrating the capsule of the prostate for the following reasons; 1) there is no interposing tissue between the probe and prostate because the probe is inserted into the prostatic urethra, 2) the prostate is observed without deformity caused by the balloon in the rectum, and 3) the beam hits the capsule perpendicularly. The prostatic cancer at the portion of capsular penetration was hypoechoic or anechoic pathologically, these areas corresponded to homogeneous and large cancer nodules. Transurethral ultrasonography is valuable in demonstrating local extension of the prostatic cancer, in particular capsular penetration.
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PMID:[Transurethral ultrasonography for the preoperative staging of prostatic cancer]. 189 19

Spinal cord or cauda equina compression from prostatic cancer is an oncologic emergency necessitating prompt evaluation and treatment. The strong correlation between pretreatment motor status and treatment outcome underscores the importance of immediate treatment before further neurologic deterioration and before the damage to the spinal cord becomes permanent. Patients with known osseous metastases should be alerted by their clinicians to seek medical help within hours should they develop weakness in an extremity. Prompt MRI of the entire spine should be done prior to treatment. Myelography should be reserved for those patients who cannot undergo a technically adequate or expeditious MRI study. The convenience of MRI relative to myelography allows clinicians to diagnose actual or impending spinal cord compression earlier. High-dose steroids (dexamethasone) should be instituted immediately, and endocrine therapy should be started if not already in use. Ambulatory and moderately paraparetic patients seem best treated initially with radiation alone. Immediate surgical decompression should be used in patients with an expected lifespan of at least 6 months who deteriorate during radiation, who have had previous radiation to the involved site, or who have a potentially correctable unstable spine. In addition, paraplegic patients or severely paraparetic patients with recent neurologic deterioration should be treated with immediate surgical decompression if they are judged reasonably able to tolerate the surgery. These patients should then receive postoperative radiation treatment.
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PMID:Management of spinal cord compression secondary to metastatic prostatic carcinoma. 199 68

Prostate carcinoma is the most common cancer in men and the second most lethal malignancy among the American male population. Nevertheless, it is potentially curable if detected early and treated appropriately. Treatment options vary depending on the extent (stage) of the cancer. MRI has no role as a screening method for prostatic carcinoma because it is expensive, time consuming, and unable to differentiate benign from malignant disease, but it can detect early prostatic cancers in patients with known tumor and can accurately stage these tumors. MRI is becoming the imaging modality of choice for local staging of prostate cancer and is rapidly replacing CT and ultrasonography for this purpose. Treatment protocols for bladder carcinoma also depend on the stage of the tumor. Clinical staging of bladder cancer has been limited. MRI is as good as or better than CT in bladder tumor staging when extravesical tumor involvement is present. MRI also has the potential to become useful in determining the depth of wall invasion in tumors confined to the bladder.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate and bladder. 218 60

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in the world. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the American male population and the second most lethal cancer in American men. However, concurrent benign prostatic hyperplasia occurs in almost all men developing the malignancy (although the two processes are unrelated) and many others who have no evidence of cancer. Imaging evaluation of the prostate can be for diagnostic or staging purposes. While MRI can be used on occasion for diagnostic evaluation of prostatic disease, it is most often reserved for evaluation of men with known pathology. The use of MRI is important to plan the appropriate therapeutic approach to men with prostate cancer. An understanding of the newer concepts of anatomy, origins of disease, spread of cancer, and the clinical implications of pathological change of the prostate are important and are discussed in this article. The uses of MRI, the deficiencies of the study, the techniques needed to utilize the modality appropriately, and diagnostic criteria and limitations are also discussed.
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PMID:MRI of the prostate. 228 63

The authors extracted 11 case files of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy following MRI studies from a series of 192 MRI examinations of the prostate with histological confirmation of the diagnosis. This series is part of a prospective study in which MRI was always interpreted prior to histological results. The diagnosis of prostatic cancer was confirmed in 9 cases on the basis of a hyposignal on T2-weighted scans. In 4 cases, extracapsular spread of the tumour was demonstrated by MRI and was confirmed at surgery. In the cases in which the cancer was visible on MRI, the diagnosis of local spread proved to be accurate. The debate concerning the role of MRI in prostatic disease is not definitively resolved, but this preliminary series indicates the potential and the limitations of this technique.
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PMID:[Diagnostic role of MRI in localized cancer of the prostate]. 267 42

Progress in radiation oncology can be ascribed to better staging (diagnostic procedures such as CT and MRI), improved pathological classification, innovations in treatment planning (CT, computerized planning systems, patient fixation) and modern accelerators. These various contributions are demonstrated in detail taking radiation therapy of prostate cancer as an example. The importance of these (largely technological) advances is discussed, together with ways of balancing the technical and human aspects.
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PMID:[Radio-oncology--advances and integration of the last few years]. 316 14


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