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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The identification of the immuno reactive molecular forms of PSA has permitted the identification of a correlation between Free PSA and Total PSA as the most important factor in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Cut-off of 0.15 ng/ml seems to be the most appropriate. The Authors consider that the use of this limit is important in the decision to carry out a prostate biopsy on the patients with PSA in the range of 4-10 ng/ml who have neither any clinical symptoms nor an abnormal transrectal ultrasound. In particular the sensitivity and the specificity of F/T PSA and the density of PSA (PSAD) have been compared at his limit of 0.15. In our study of 60 patients (of whom 22 were affected by cancer and 38 by BPH) we have noticed that 27/60 patients had a value of PSA between 4 and 10 ng/ml and negative DRE and TRUS. On the whole the F/T PSA report showed a slightly higher specificity than PSAD; in contrast PSAD showed a slightly higher sensitivity. In conclusion, to identify the early detection of this cancer both tests are required as well as a biopsy.
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PMID:[Comparison of free/total PSA (F/T PSA) ratio and PSA density (PSAD) in the early diagnosis of cancer of the prostate]. 918 12

The AxSYM Free PSA assay was demonstrated to have good analytical sensitivity and reproducibility. The F/T ratio determinations for 385 men tested during the Prostate Awareness Week who had biopsies due to an elevated total PSA value and/or a suspicious DRE demonstrated that the percentage of free PSA was lower in patients found to have prostate cancer than those that were biopsy negative for the overall group and for all patient categories examined. The optimal strategy for combining PSA values, F/T ratios, DRE and other clinical and diagnostic parameters to improve the early detection of prostate cancer requires additional clinical studies.
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PMID:Development of the Abbott AxSYM Free PSA assay: performance characteristics and preliminary clinical evaluation. 932 95

1. The observed increase in prostate cancer incidence followed by a decrease, was not an epidemic, but the result of generalized prostate cancer screening in the United States. 2. The increase showed a shift in stage, to mainly early disease in grade 2 (Gleason's 4-6) clinically significant cancers with a decrease in advanced disease. 3. There was an increase in the use of radical prostatectomy, mainly in men 40 to 75 years of age with a 10-year relative survival rate of 100%. It appears that 15% were grade 1 cancers and in the absence of more information may have been clinically unimportant. 4. There was a 20% increase in the overall relative survival rate for prostate cancer. 5. There was a decrease in the incidence of advanced disease followed by a 6.3% decrease in the United States mortality rate for prostate cancer. 6. It appears that an annual PSA blood test and a DRE on all men over 50 years of age followed by appropriate treatment has decreased deaths from prostate cancer.
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PMID:Prostate cancer facts and fiction. 942 24

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is considered a premalignant lesion of the prostate. It is often encountered in prostate needle biopsy in cases where no cancer is identified. In order to evaluate its importance 25 patients with PIN in a former prostate needle biopsy underwent a second ultrasound guided needle biopsy. The first biopsy was performed in all patients as a result of positive DRE. In 13 patients (52%), prostate cancer was identified in the second specimen. All presented with high or intermediate grade PIN in the first biopsy. PSA values were compared with PIN grade and cancer presentation in the second biopsy, although no statistically significant difference was proven. In conclusion, when PIN is discovered in prostate needle biopsy in patients with positive DRE, a second biopsy has to be performed in order to exclude the possibility of a prostate carcinoma.
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PMID:Evaluation of needle biopsy in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma in men with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. 960 81

To describe general practitioners' current beliefs, knowledge and self-reported practices in prostate cancer screening, we conducted a national survey of 1,271 general practitioners, obtaining 855 completed questionnaires (67% response rate). Available tests for prostate cancer screening, namely DRE and PSA alone and in combination, were indicated to be effective by 49%, 43% and 68% of respondents respectively, with older GPs significantly more likely to hold these views. The effect of guidelines was mixed. Less than 8% of respondents indicated they did not recommend screening. Although the majority of GPs were unlikely to adopt an opportunistic approach to prostate cancer screening, 63%, 57% and 46% indicated they would recommend DRE, PSA or both respectively during a dedicated health check up. Awareness of relevant guidelines was low, with nearly half of respondents unable to recall publications from the RACGP or ACS. Counter-intuitively, awareness of ACS guidelines for prostate cancer screening (which advise against screening) was significantly associated with the converse behaviour. Findings from this first national study behove proactive and highly targeted dissemination in general practice of the AHTAC policy announced by the Commonwealth Health Minister in August 1996.
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PMID:Australian general practitioners' views and use of tests to detect early prostate cancer. 962 25

A new fashion of prostate transperineal biopsy (seven cores from each lobe) is described, in order to evaluate a potential increase of prostate cancer detection rate. From June 1996 to PSA. April 1997, 247 patients underwent transperineal biopsy for an abnormal DRE and/or elevated In addition to apex, base and lateral peripheral samples, two more were obtained from middle-lateral peripheral zone and tow more from transition zone of each lobe of the prostate. In 14 patients (13.1%) carcinoma was detected in the additional samples only. This new biopsy fashion seems to be safe and more accurate than sextant biopsy for a significant percentage of cancer that otherwise would have been missed.
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PMID:[Systematic biopsy with multiple samples per lobe in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma]. 970 67

Clinical staging of prostate cancer was reviewed on the basis of TNM classification edited by UICC in 1997. In this revision, (1) T1c was newly categorized among T1 for cases of high PSA level without any abnormal sign of DRE, (2) T2 was subdivided into T2a and T2b in accordance with unilateral or bilateral nodule in the prostate, respectively, (3) T3 was also subdivided into T3a with capsular invasion and T3b with seminal vesicle invasion. It is hoped that present classification will become useful tools for the detection of the tumor burden cancer patients.
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PMID:[Clinical staging of prostate cancer]. 975 Apr 88

PSA has been widely used as a tumor marker for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. We demonstrated the 3 of 7 (43%) patients with a serum PSA level of < or = 4 ng/ml, 12 of 24 (50%) patients with a serum PSA level ranging from 4.1 to 10.0 ng/ml, 10 of 17 (59%) patients with a serum PSA level ranging from 10.1 to 20 ng/ml, 6 of 8 (75%) patients with a serum PSA level ranging from 20.1 to 30.0 ng/ml, 5 of 6 (83%) patients with a serum PSA level ranging from 30.1 to 40.0 ng/ml, 29 to 29 (100%) patients with serum PSA level of > or = 40.1 ng/ml had prostate cancer. It is recommended that the use of PSA and DRE in combination is important as a diagnostic procedure for the early detection of prostate cancer.
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PMID:[The usefulness of prostate-specific antigen assay for the early detection and follow up of the prostate cancer]. 975 Apr 93

In determining whether or not to undergo early detection tests (PSA and DRE), men must weight the possibility of early diagnosis and treatment of potentially aggressive prostate cancer against the limitation of these tests and decisions they will be faced with regarding treatment choices, effectiveness and side effects. The Prostate Cancer Alliance recommends that men 50 years of age or older talk to their physicians and inform themselves about the benefits and risks of early detection testing using PSA and DRE in order to make an informed decision about whether to have the tests. Men in higher risk categories (those with a family history of the disease or with an African Canadian ancestry) should consider this recommendation starting at age 40. Extensive information is available on these matters. Men should request such information from their family physician or their urologist and consult any or all of the groups sponsoring this message.
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PMID:The early detection of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Alliance of Canada. 986 77

Prostate cancer screening with DRE, TRUS, and PSA testing was offered to 2,400 randomly selected men 55-70 years old. Among 1,782 examined, 65 (3.6%) men with prostate cancer were diagnosed. The PSA results were correlated to the diagnosis, the men's age, and the prostate volume. Least square regression analysis was used to calculate the 95% upper confidence intervals for PSA in each year of age in men without prostate cancer. The PPV was calculated for: (i) PSA > 4 ng/ml, (ii) PSAD > 0.15, (iii) PSAD > 0.20 and (iv) age-adjusted PSA reference values. A significant correlation was found between PSA and prostate volume, between PSA and age, and between the prostate volume and age. The calculated annual growth of the prostate was 1.6% and the annual increase in PSA was 2.4%. The age-adjusted upper PSA reference values for the three age categories studied (55-59, 60-64 and 65-70 years) were 5.2, 5.8, and 6.7 ng/ml, respectively. The PPVs for PSA > 4 ng/ml, PSAD > 0.15, PSAD > 0.20, and the age-adjusted PSA reference values were 17%, 14%, 22%, and 27%, respectively. Age-adjusted PSA or PSAD may increase the PPV compared to PSA > 4 ng/ml. The detection rate is, however, inadequate. A PSA cut-off at 4 ng/ml could therefore be maintained in men 55-70 years old. The median PSA values and median prostate volumes calculated for men with benign findings may serve as a reference in future studies.
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PMID:Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density and age-adjusted PSA reference values in screening for prostate cancer--a study of a randomly selected population of 2,400 men. 992 98


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