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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in plasma samples from patient with cancer of the prostate before and after 3 months treatment with either Premarin, Provera, Provera and diethylstilbestrol, or diethylstilbestrol alone. Cholesterol was also measured before and after one of three doses of diethylstilbestrol or placebo. Pretreatment cholesterol levels at 196 +/- 1.3 mg per 100 ml (X +/- SE, N = 1093) were significantly lower than these reported for similar age group noncancer controls. Significant increases occurred with some of the estrogen treatments. Pretreatment cholesterol levels showed a significant negative correlation with age in Stage III and IV patients of both studies and a positive correlation with hemoglobin in Stage III patients of both studies. Pretreatment triglyceride levels at 120 +/- 1.9 mg per 100 ml (X +/- SE, N = 1089) were similar to levels reported for noncancer controls of similar age. Estrogen treatment produced a significant increase in triglyceride levels. Serum triglycerides were significantly correlated with hemoglobin, weight, and cholesterol and negatively correlated with age, Analysis of covariance for both cholesterol and triglycerides showed highly significant treatment effects, but no stage effects and no stage-treatment interactions. It showed that the pretreatment value is of extreme importance for predicting or explaining the 3-month value. Death rates were calculated by level of pretreatment cholesterol or pretreatment triglycerides for all Stage II and IV patients, all treatments combined, and for Study 2 and Study 3 separately. No consistent trends were evident for cholesterol. Spearman correlation coefficients between category of initial triglyceride value and rank of death rate were computed to test for a quadratic effect. When the absolute values of the initial triglyceride values minus the overall mean were correlated with the death rate, a significant negative correlation was found for all causes of death and for deaths due to cardiovascular disease and prostatic cancer. These results indicate that the death rate is highest near the overal mean for initial triglyceride values and decreases as the initial values deviate above or below the mean. Initial triglyceride levels appear to have potential as indicators of risk of death in patients with prostatic cancer. The percentage of patients dead at 1 year by initial triglyceride levels, measured only in Study 3, revealed a pattern similar to that observed for the death rate, that is, the highest percentages were associated with values near the overall mean.
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PMID:Response of serum cholesterol and triglycerides to hormone treatment and the relation of pretreatment values to mortality in patients with prostatic cancer. 18 47

Fibrinogen and plasminogen were measured in plasma samples from prostatic cancer patients before and after 3 months of treatment with either Premarin, Provera, Provera and diethylstilbestrol, one of three doses of diethylstilbestrol, or placebo. Plasminogen levels generally were increased significantly with the estrogens but were unchanged following placebo or Provera treatment. Pretreatment plasminogen levels in Study 3 were significantly lower (p less than .001) than in Study 2. Plasminogen pretreatment levels were significantly correlated with age, hemoglobin, body weight, and blood pressure. Fibrinogen pretreatment levels were significantly elevated above normal. They were not significantly with age, hemoglobin, body weight, or blood pressure. Fibrinogen levels generally were significantly decreased by the estrogens. Comparisons of means of pretreatment fibrinogen and plasminogen levels from patients dying during the first year of the study with the mean pretreatment levels of the patient group alive after 1 year on study yielded no significant differences. Death rates were calculated by pretreatment plasminogen or fibrinogen for all treatments of all Stage III and Stage IV patients combined for Study 2 and Study 3 separately. Such rates were calculated for all causes combined and for deaths from prostatic cancer or cardiovascular disease separately. The levels of plasminogen were significnatly negatively correlated with death rate from all causes combined and with cardiovascular disease considered separately, but not with death from prostatic cancer. The levels of fibrinogen were signigicantly positively correlated with death rates from all cuses and nearly significantly with prostatic cancer, but not cardiovascular disease. Elvated pretreatment fibrinogen levels were associated with an increased proportion of deaths at 1 year from all causes and from cancer of the prostate.
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PMID:Response of plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen to hormone treatment and the relation of pretreatment values to mortality in patients with prostatic cancer. 18 48

A total of 125 patients with progressing advanced prostatic cancer were entered into a chemotherapy study comparing cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and standard therapy. Parameters of response were studied in 110 patients who could be evaluated. Thirty-six patients (33 per cent) were considered to have an objective response, that is becoming stable (29 patients) or in partial regression (7 patients). Negative response parameters (predictors of a poor response to chemotherapy or standard theraphy leading to progress) included (1) bone marrow evidence of prostatic cancer, (2) abnormal liver scan, (3) prior radiation therapy (indirectly through increased toxicity to chemotherapy), and (4) lack of bilateral orchiectomy prior to randomization. Positive indicators (predictors of good responses) included (1) reduction of primary tumor mass, especially after administration of 5-fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, and (2) hemoglobin values. There were more objective responders to cyclophosphamide than standard therapy whether the hemoglobin was initially normal or low. Indeterminate parameters of response included weight gain, presence of bony or soft tissue metastases, relief of pain, performance status, excretory urography, and biochemical determinations of liver and renal function.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic cancer. Evaluation of response parameters. 93 81

Twenty-seven of 152 patients (18%) with progressing hormone resistant prostate cancer had normal serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA less than or equal to 10 micrograms l-1), when referred for secondary treatment. PSA was significantly correlated with the extent of skeletal metastases (R: 0.35) and the levels of hemoglobin (R: -0.19) and serum alkaline phosphatase (R: 0.30). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis the survival of the 152 patients was not correlated with the PSA level but with the patients performance status, the level of hemoglobin, and the time between primary hormone treatment and relapse. The lack of serum PSA to predict survival may be explained by a heterogenous composition of hormone resistant prostate cancer as regards differentiated and/or PSA producing vs undifferentiated and/or PSA non-producing cells.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of prostate specific antigen in metastatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer. 137 59

In 224 consecutive patients with hormone-resistant prostatic cancer referred to 2 European Cancer Centres for palliation of painful bone metastases the one year survival for all patients was 24% (2-year survival: 7%). The median survival was 8 months. In univariate analyses the following prognostic factors were identified: performance status, serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, duration of response to primary hormone treatment, degree of bone scan involvement and hemoglobin. Multivariate analyses confirmed the four first parameters to be independent factors. A prognostic model was established (no or one risk factors vs 2 risk factors vs 3 or 4 risk factors) based on performance status, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and hormone response duration. The median survival of these groups was 10 months, 6 months and 3 months, respectively. This model proved to be discriminative in an external data set of 214 patients with hormone-resistant prostatic cancer entered in two prospective trials. The above differences in outcome between readily and simply defined prognostic groups are greater than the differences one can realistically hope to produce using new treatment strategies. These prognostic factors should be taken into account both in the design and interpretation of clinical studies dealing with the treatment of hormone-resistant progressing prostatic cancer and painful bone metastases.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in hormone-resistant progressing cancer of the prostate. 161 86

Of 91 patients with prostatic cancer treated at our Department of Urology, from January 1976 through December 1987, 42 cases of stage D2 cancer treated with endocrine therapy were evaluated retrospectively with regard to clinical parameters and prognoses. The patients with marked increase in the level of the prostatic acid phosphatase (PACP), and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, and marked decrease in volume of hemoglobin (Hb) had a poor prognosis. The patients who took a long time to obtain a favorable response to the therapy had a poor prognosis. The response grade in NPCP criteria at 3 months after the initiation of therapy reflected the prognosis, and showed good correlation to the grade of favorable response.
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PMID:[Retrospective clinical evaluation of prognosis factors in stage D2 prostatic cancer treated with endocrine therapy]. 171 Aug 71

The authors report a case of clinical methemoglobinemia occurring one year after a patient began receiving flutamide 750 mg/d for prostate cancer with bone metastasis. The patient presented with severe cyanosis involving his lips and proximal extremities and moderate dyspnea. Methemoglobinemia was 16.2 percent of the total hemoglobin and intravenous ascorbic acid was administered. Clinical examination and laboratory analysis revealed no other cause. There was no biochemical evidence of congenital methemoglobinemia and no other regular drug use or chemical exposure was found. Moreover, clinical improvement and normalization of the methemoglobin level after the drug was discontinued is highly suggestive of flutamide-induced methemoglobinemia. Due to its chemical structure derived from anilide, flutamide may be considered as a potential methemoglobin-inducing agent.
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PMID:Flutamide-induced methemoglobinemia. 187 68

In a population-based randomized study comparing 150 patients with advanced prostatic cancer treated with orchiectomy or estrogen, some possible prognostic factors were analyzed. The observation period was 78 to 114 months. M category, T category, tumor grade, performance status, pain, prostatic acid phosphatase, sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and serum creatinine level were all statistically significantly related to the interval to progression and to disease-specific death on univariate analyses. Variables that were statistically significant on multivariate analyses were M category, T category, sedimentation rate and patient age. The sedimentation rate predicted the intervals to progression and to disease-specific death, with the relative hazard and 95% confidence interval for the latter end point being 1.018 (range 1.010 to 1.027) for each millimeter increase in sedimentation rate per hour. An analysis that was stratified according to the extent of the disease as measured on a bone scan showed that the sedimentation rate was the only prognostic factor of statistical significance with an estimate of relative hazard of 1.52 if the sedimentation rate was elevated 20 mm. per hour. Progression-free survival but not disease-specific survival was statistically significantly better in the estrogen group (relative hazard 0.47), as assessed by multivariate analysis in which all variables were taken into account.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in progression-free survival and corrected survival in patients with advanced prostatic cancer: results from a randomized study comprising 150 patients treated with orchiectomy or estrogens. 194 84

The Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group has performed a multivariate statistical analysis of prognostic factors based on 353 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed between 1974 and 1984. This paper discusses the prognostic significance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in these patients with prostate cancer. Based on three ranges (less than 20, greater than 20- less than 50, greater than 50 mm/h) of ESR, a significant difference of survival rates among the patients was found by means of univariate analysis. ESR apparently includes components which represent anemia or infection. Hemoglobin, frequently used as a prognostic factor, was compared with ESR by means of multivariate analysis, and ESR was found to be a more useful prognostic factor than hemoglobin. Moreover ESR showed the highest partial coefficient value among the items studied (clinical stage, pathological differentiation, age, acid phosphatase, gait disturbance). It seems that ESR includes not only anemia and infection components but also provides a clue to the degree of bone metastasis or the degree of prostate cancer progression.
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PMID:The significance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate as a prognostic factor for patients with prostate cancer: Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group investigation. 212 83

One hundred eighteen patients with stage D (D1 or D2) prostate cancer with a mean age of 69 years were treated with monthly goserelin (Zoladex; ICI 118, 630; ICI Americas Inc, Wilmington, DE, property of Imperial Chemical Industries PLC) injections and the data were analyzed for predictive parameters for best response and time to treatment failure (National Prostatic Cancer Project [NPCP] and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] criteria). For best response in a univariate analysis, the performance status (PS 0-1 v 2-3) (P = .01), hematocrit (P = .04), and pain (P = .04) were significant. For time to treatment failure by univariate analysis, ECOG performance status (0-1 v 2-3) was most predictive (P less than .0001), followed by pain at entry (P = .0002), initial testosterone (T) level (greater than 250 ng/dL) (P = .0005), age less than 69 years (P = .02), alkaline phosphatase (less than 115 IU/L) (P = .03), hemoglobin (less than 14 g/dL) (P = .03), whereas normal acid phosphatase (less than 3 IU/mL) (P = .29) was not predictive. In multivariate analysis for time to treatment failure, only the ECOG performance status was of significance (P = .01). Estimated median time to treatment failure for PS of 0-1 was 88 weeks and for PS of 2-3 was 31 weeks.
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PMID:Predictive initial parameters for response of stage D prostate cancer to treatment with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist goserelin. 213 2


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