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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An evaluation of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study has detected a lower prostate cancer risk associated with the greater consumption of tomatoes and related food products. Tomatoes are the primary dietary source of lycopene, a non-provitamin A carotenoid with potent antioxidant activity. Our goal was to define the concentrations of lycopene, other carotenoids, and retinol in paired benign and malignant prostate tissue from 25 men, ages 53 to 74, undergoing prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. The concentrations of specific carotenoids in the benign and malignant prostate tissue from the same subject are highly correlated. Lycopene and all-trans beta-carotene are the predominant carotenoids observed, with means +/- SE of 0.80 +/- 0.08 nmol/g and 0.54 +/- 0.09, respectively. Lycopene concentrations range from 0 to 2.58 nmol/g, and all-trans beta-carotene concentrations range from 0.09 to 1.70 nmol/g. The 9-cis beta-carotene isomer, alpha-carotene, lutein, alpha-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin are consistently detectable in prostate tissue. No significant correlations between the concentration of lycopene and the concentrations of any other carotenoid are observed. In contrast, strong correlations between prostate beta-carotene and alpha-carotene are noted (correlation coefficient, 0.88; P < 0.0001), as are correlations between several other carotenoid pairs, which reflects their similar dietary origins. Mean vitamin A concentration in the prostate is 1.52 nmol/g, with a range of 0.71 to 3.30 nmol/g. We further evaluated tomato-based food products, serum, and prostate tissue for the presence of geometric lycopene isomers using high-performance liquid chromatography with a polymeric C30 reversed phase column. All-trans lycopene accounts for 79 to 91% and cis lycopene isomers for 9 to 21% of total lycopene in tomatoes, tomato paste, and tomato soup. Lycopene concentrations in the serum of men range between 0.60 and 1.9 nmol/ml, with 27 to 42% all-trans lycopene and 58 to 73% cis-isomers distributed among 12 to 13 peaks, depending upon their chromatographic resolution. In striking contrast with foods, all-trans lycopene accounts for only 12 to 21% and cis isomers for 79 to 88% of total lycopene in benign or malignant prostate tissues. cis Isomers of lycopene within the prostate are distributed among 14 to 18 peaks. We conclude that a diverse array of carotenoids are found in the human prostate with significant intra-individual variation. The presence of lycopene in the prostate at concentrations that are biologically active in laboratory studies supports the hypothesis that lycopene may have direct effects within the prostate and contribute to the reduced prostate cancer risk associated with the reduced prostate cancer risk associated with the consumption of tomato-based foods. The future identification and characterization of geometric lycopene isomers may lead to the development of novel agents for chemoprevention studies.
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PMID:cis-trans lycopene isomers, carotenoids, and retinol in the human prostate. 889 94

The purpose of this study was to construct a multidimensional self-administered quality of life questionnaire specific to prostate cancer within the EORTC framework and to test its applicability, clinical relevance and psychometry. A proposed prostate cancer-specific module and the standardized EORTC QLQ-C30 version 1.0 were tested in 192 post-irradiated patients. Psychometric analyses comprised item convergent and discriminant validity for scaling success, analysis of the internal consistency of the multi-item scales and the validity of the scales. The clinical relevance was explored by correlation analysis including disease and treatment related parameters. The minimum psychometric criteria were met. The measurements revealed problem areas in sexuality with a mean score of 54 (SD = 33) on a 0-100 scale, and in bowel functioning, scoring 25 on average (SD = 17). Urinary complaints only reached a mean score of 6 (SD = 19). Compared to earlier measurements on untreated or irradiated localized cancer patients using the same core questionnaire, the physical and psychological scales showed higher values and the symptom scales lower symptom burden. The constructed questionnaire seems applicable and clinically relevant. The psychometric analysis revealed a few items to be revised. Patients with localized prostatic carcinoma treated with radiotherapy have a high quality of life compared to patients with localized cancer of other origin.
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PMID:Measurement of quality of life in localized prostatic cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Development of a prostate cancer-specific module supplementing the EORTC QLQ-C30. 899 90

Quality of life (QoL) is now commonly studied in prostate cancer. However, little is known about the appropriateness of the various QoL instruments in this group of patients. The purpose of this work was to study the baseline QoL assessment of patients with prostate cancer who were randomised into three EORTC phase III studies. The three trials included locoregional prostate cancer patients, poor prognosis metastatic patients and hormone resistance patients, respectively. In the three trials, patients were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their physical and psychosocial functioning and their symptom levels. These questionnaires included questions from the EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 1): the physical functioning, role functioning, global health/QoL scales and a single pain item. The psychometric properties of the scales were assessed and an analysis was performed to investigate if differences existed in the scale scores between the three groups of patients, 638 baseline questionnaires were available for patients entered into the three trials. The Gutman coefficients of reproducibility and scalability were 0.94 and 0.71, respectively, for the physical functioning scale and 0.97 and 0.90, respectively, for the role functioning scale. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were 0.68, 0.48 and 0.90 for the physical functioning, role functioning and global health/QoL scales, respectively. The four scales were able to distinguish clearly between the patient populations under study. The physical functioning, role functioning, global health/QoL scales and the single pain item scale from the EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 1) are valid measures when used in the setting of prostate cancer.
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PMID:Baseline quality of life of patients with advanced prostate cancer. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group (GUT-CCG) 947 Aug 38

The Prostate Cancer Specific Quality of Life Instrument (PROSQOLI) is a measure of health-related quality of life (HRQL) that was designed to be an outcome measure for clinical trials in advanced hormone-resistant prostate cancer. The cross-sectional validity of the PROSQOLI was assessed using baseline data from a randomized trial in which HRQL was also assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and a trial-specific quality of life module (QLM-P14). Convergent validity was assessed with the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach; discriminative validity was assessed according to conventional clinical criteria; and predictive validity was assessed by the ability to predict survival duration. These assessments provided strong support for the validity of all PROSQOLI scales except those for family/marriage relationships and passing urine; modifications of these two scales are under evaluation. The strength, consistency, and independence of the prognostic information provided by the HRQL scales were striking. Differences between the instruments were generally subtle. These data support validity of the PROSQOLI and the analogous scales from the QLQ-C30 and QLM-P14 in symptomatic men with advanced hormone resistant prostate cancer. The PROSQOLI is a short, simple, and valid measure of HRQL in this setting.
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PMID:Convergent discriminitive, and predictive validity of the Prostate Cancer Specific Quality of Life Instrument (PROSQOLI) assessment and comparison with analogous scales from the EORTC QLQ-C30 and a trial-specific module. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Core Quality of Life Questionnaire. 1039 59

The objective of the study was to determine possible differences in perception of quality of life (QoL) between patients with metastatic breast or prostate cancer, their partners, and the treating physician. Patients with metastatic breast cancer (n = 71), and metastatic prostate cancer (n = 29), a partner, and the physician each completed the same QoL questionnaire indicating how they perceived the patient's QoL. The European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire was used to assess patients with breast cancer and the modified prostate cancer specific quality of life instrument (PROSQOLI) for patients with prostate cancer. There was reasonable agreement in mean scores between patients, and physicians or partners, for many domains of QoL; however, there was substantial discordance between scores when considering individual patients. For patients with metastatic breast cancer, physicians systematically underestimated overall QoL (p = 0.0002), social functioning (p = 0.001), and role functioning (p = 0.008), while partners showed better agreement. With prostate cancer physicians tended to underestimate pain, while mean scores for spouses were more concordant. There is substantial variability between ratings of QoL by physicians or partners, as compared to patient ratings. Medical decisions should be based on information about QoL provided by patients using validated methods.
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PMID:Perception of quality of life by patients, partners and treating physicians. 1133 25

This study assessed quality of life (QOL) in recently diagnosed breast and prostate cancer patients of European American and Asian Pacific Islanders (specifically, individuals of Filipino, Japanese, and Native Hawaiian ancestry) to investigate whether QOL varied according to ethnicity and the relative importance of ethnicity as a predictor of QOL. Participants were identified through consecutive registrations on the Hawaii Tumor Registry, based on a diagnosis of breast or prostate cancer 4-6 months previously. QOL was measured by the QLQ-C30, a standardized questionnaire widely used in cancer patient populations. Two hundred and twenty-seven individuals participated (101 prostate and 126 breast cancer patients). QOL was similar across ethnic groups in most areas of QOL. However, differences were found in several areas, all in the direction of Filipino patients reporting worse outcomes. Hierarchical stepwise regressions supported the importance of ethnicity, controlling for clinical and demographic predictors. We conclude that additional research is needed to understand the relationship between ethnicity and QOL in cancer survivors.
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PMID:Ethnic differences in quality of life among early breast and prostate cancer survivors. 1192 24

Bone metastases are a severe problem in oncology, since they usually are associated with pain. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) has been, for many years, an important component of the treatment regimen to relieve pain. We have performed a clinical study to evaluate the relationship of response to EBRT in terms of pain relief and improvement in quality of life (QoL). We were also interested in the incidence of acute toxicity with EBRT. We have prospectively evaluated 75 patients (median age 68 years, range 64-79 years) with bone metastases from prostate cancer treated with EBRT, radiographically documented from June 1999 to September 2000. Additional therapies in these patients included: second-line hormonal therapy (HT) in 20 patients, chemotherapy (CT) in 25 patients, biphosphonates in 45 patients. For all patients a pain and narcotic evaluation was done before entering the study. Assessment of response was carried out by evaluating pain relief. QoL was measured by using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Toxicity analysis was based on the ROTG grading system. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimate from the start of EBRT treatment until the last follow-up or death. A total of 61 out of 75 patients (81%) experienced some type of pain relief after treatment. The complete response rate was 23%. No significant difference in the response rates was found between the group treated with EBRT alone versus the groups treated with EBRT + CT or EBRT + HT. We noted a significant improvement in some of the scales of the considered EORTC-QLQC30 questionnaire. As expected all treatment-related complications were either grade 1-2 acute or subacute and transitory in nature. The group treated with EBRT + CT experienced slightly higher toxicity rates. There were no treatment-related fatalities. Forteen patients of 61 (23%) responders was alive at 12 months. Our results confirm the ability of EBRT to relieve bony pain in the majority of the cancer patients treated as measured by prospective analysis of pain scales prior to and after EBRT. Minimal side effects were experienced and QoL improved as shown by the results of the specific questionnaire.
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PMID:External beam radiotherapy in bone metastatic prostate cancer: impact on patients' pain relief and quality of life. 1257 79

The treatment of hormone resistant prostate cancer) with epirubicin 25 mg/m(2)(Epi25) on a weekly intravenous regimen may be better in terms of health related quality of life (HRQOL) than with 100 mg/m(2)(Epi100) on a 4-weekly regimen. A total of 79 patients who filled out the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire for the assessment of HRQOL could be evaluated. Compared with the baseline, no changes in HRQOL function scales or significant changes in the following HRQOL symptom scales were found. The Epi25 group reported less pain during the first 3 months and the Epi100 group more dyspnoea after 4 weeks and less pain and less insomnia but more loss of appetite after 8 weeks. In both groups, toxicity was comparable, except for World Health Organisation grade II-III alopecia occurring in 82% in the Epi100 versus 31% in the Epi25 group. There were no significant differences between groups in response rates and survival. In this study, HRQOL was not improved which is in line with other studies using only epirubicine. Epirubicin as single agent therapy should not be used in future treatment of patients with HRPC.
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PMID:A randomized study comparing epirubicin in a 4-weekly versus a weekly intravenous regimen in patients with metastatic, hormone resistant, prostatic carcinoma: effects on health related quality of life. 1281 12

Androgen deprivation (AD) is commonly used in neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting with prostate cancer (PC) radiotherapy. This prospective study assessed whether cognitive functioning is impaired during 12 months of AD therapy. Longitudinal testing of 25 patients treated with AD and curative radiotherapy was undertaken at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months. CogniSpeed software was used for measuring attentional performances. Other cognitive performances were evaluated using verbal, visuomotor and memory tests. The Beck depression inventory was employed to evaluate depressive mood and EORTC QLQ-C30 for quality of life (QoL). During longitudinal testing of the AD group, no impairment in cognitive performances was found. Instead, improvement was observed in object recall (immediate, P=0.035; delayed, P<0.001), and in semantic memory (P=0.037). In QoL, impairment in physical function was observed. Androgen deprivation of 12 months appears to be associated with preserved cognitive functioning, although physical impairment occurs. These results have implications for counseling and psychosocial support of patients in the context of treatment options in PC.
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PMID:Androgen deprivation and cognition in prostate cancer. 1296 11

Prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer and testicular cancer are the most frequent malignancies in urology. Additional to parameters such as patient age, course of the disease, different forms of therapy and survival rates, quality of life is gaining more importance. This parameter is usually evaluated using general and disease-specific questionnaires. The SF-36 and the QLQ-C30 (EORTC) questionnaires are well established to determine quality of life in general. Disease-specific questionnaires for renal cancer and testicular cancer are currently under development. Bladder cancer can be evaluated by two EORTC modules investigating parameters such as voiding, bowel function and sexual function. The QLQ-BLS24 is made for patients with superficial bladder cancer and contains 24 questions. Also, side effects from intravesical therapy and repeated cystoscopies are determined. The QLQ-BLM30 is used for invasive bladder cancer. There are 30 questions to determine the impact of a urostoma (<<body image>>) or repeated catheterization. For prostate cancer many disease-specific questionnaires are available, however, only few are translated into German. One is the prostate cancer module QLQ-PR25 with 25 questions highlighting side effects (voiding, bowel function, sexual function) from prostatectomy, radiotherapy or antihormonal therapy. Despite problems when comparing different studies concerning quality of life in patients with localized prostate cancer one finds that radical prostatectomy is inferior in terms of continence, inferior or equal concerning sexual function and superior with respect to bowel function when compared with radiotherapy. It is noteworthy that there is no difference between prostatectomy and radiotherapy with respect to overall quality of life. Beside the development of disease-specific questionnaires, a future major issue is the standardized determination of the parameter quality of life to achieve a basis to compare the results of different studies.
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PMID:[Quality of life in urologic oncology: new aspects]. 1460 54


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