Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antiproliferative effects of melatonin and CGP 52608, an exogenous ligand for RZR/ROR receptors, are compared in the present paper. Both compounds exerted similar inhibitory effects on the proliferation of neoplastic cells in mouse colonic adenocarcinoma, DU 145 human prostate cancer, MCF-7 human breast carcinoma, and rat diethylstilbestrol-induced prolactinoma. Although it has been suggested that melatonin may influence the proliferation of tumor cells via RZR/ROR receptors, it cannot be excluded that the antiproliferative effects of melatonin and CGP 52608 are unrelated and mediated by different intracellular mechanisms.
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PMID:Antiproliferative effects of melatonin and CGP 52608. 1008 66

Thiazolidinedione derivatives with potent antiarthritic activity, such as CGP 52608, have been suggested to exert their biological effects through the activation of the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha. Since response elements for this receptor are present in the promoter region of cell cycle-related genes (i.e., p21(WAF1/CIP1) and cyclin A), we reasoned that CGP 52608 might affect cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and the expression of cell cycle-related genes. This hypothesis has been verified in the human androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. We found that the treatment of LNCaP cells with CGP 52608 brings about a significant and dose-dependent decrease of cell proliferation. Thiazolidinedione affected cell cycle distribution, inducing an accumulation of the cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the S phase. This effect was accompanied by an increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) and a decreased expression of cyclin A. These data indicate that, in human androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells, the thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 52608 exerts a strong cytostatic activity, by reducing cell proliferation and by affecting cell cycle distribution through the modulation of the expression of cell cycle-related genes. These biological actions of CGP 52608 might be mediated by the activation of the orphan nuclear RORalpha receptor, which is expressed in LNCaP cells.
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PMID:Oncostatic activity of a thiazolidinedione derivative on human androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. 1134 May 80

Orphan nuclear receptors constitute a subgroup of the superfamily of steroid/thyroid/retinoid receptors for which no endogenous ligand has been identified. The orphan nuclear receptor ROR alpha has been shown to be involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation. We have previously shown that, in DU 145 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, ROR alpha activation brings about a significant decrease of cell proliferation and affects cell cycle progression through the modulation of cell cycle-related genes. The experiments here described have been performed to clarify whether ROR alpha might also be involved in the control of the metastatic behavior of DU 145 cells. We have shown that the thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 52608, the specific ROR alpha ligand and activator, reduces the ability of DU 145 cells to invade a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). CGP 52608 also significantly decreased the capacity of prostate cancer cells to migrate towards a chemotactic stimulus (fibronectin), when plated in the upper compartment of a Boyden's chamber. Moreover, ROR alpha activation resulted in a decreased expression of alpha v beta 3 integrin and an increased level of expression of beta 4 integrin subunit. These findings indicate that the activation of the orphan nuclear receptor ROR alpha reduces the invasive and migratory capacities of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, at least partially, by affecting integrin expression.
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PMID:Role of the orphan nuclear receptor ROR alpha in the control of the metastatic behavior of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. 1216 86

The incidence of prostate carcinoma is very low in Eastern countries, such as Japan, suggesting that life style conditions may play a crucial role in the development of this pathology. Dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic (LA) and arachidonic (AA) acids, have been shown to stimulate the proliferation of prostate cancer cells after being converted into 5-HETE by means of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway. Blockade of 5-LOX activity has been proposed as an attractive target for the prevention of the mitogenic action of dietary fats on prostate cancer. The 5-LOX gene has been shown to carry a response element for the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha (for its RORalpha1 isoform in particular) in its promoter region. We attempt to clarify whether activation of RORalpha might modulate the expression of 5-LOX, thus interfering with the mitogenic activity of fatty acids in prostate cancer cells. We show that in androgen-independent DU 145 prostate cancer cells, LA, AA and their metabolite 5-HETE exert a strong stimulatory action on cell proliferation. This effect is completely counteracted by the simultaneous treatment of the cells with a non redox inhibitor of 5-LOX activity. We then demonstrate that: i) RORalpha, and specifically its RORalpha1 isoform, is expressed in DU 145 cells; ii) activation of RORalpha, by means of the thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 52608 (the synthetic RORalpha activator), significantly reduces 5-LOX expression, both at mRNA (as evaluated by comparative RT-PCR) and at protein (as investigated by Western blot analysis) level (this was confirmed by the reduced activity of 5-LOX in CGP 52608 treated cells); and iii) the treatment of DU 145 cells with CGP 52608 completely abrogated the proliferative action of both LA and AA. These results have been confirmed in another androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (PC3). Our data indicate that, by decreasing the expression of 5-LOX, activation of RORalpha might interfere with the mitogenic activity of fatty acids on prostate cancer. We have shown previously that CGP 52608 reduces the proliferation and the metastatic behavior of DU 145 cells. These observations indicate that the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha might be considered as a molecular target for the development of new chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic strategies for prostate carcinoma.
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PMID:Activation of the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha counteracts the proliferative effect of fatty acids on prostate cancer cells: crucial role of 5-lipoxygenase. 1530 79