Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phosphorus-32, employed as the orthophosphate or polyphosphate, can reduce or relieve the pain of osteoblastic metastases without serious hematologic toxicity, especially if used as a single injection. Uptake of this beta-emitter by osteoblastic-reactive bone and possibly by tumor and other cells can lead to pain reduction and often to cell killing. Efficacy has been demonstrated for the treatment of pain in 84% of 322 breast cancer patients and 77% of 444 prostate cancer patients found in a review of the literature. These results match those of the newer radiopharmaceuticals currently under investigation.
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PMID:Phosphorus-32 radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of painful osseous metastases. 158 2

Management of bone pain in patients with multiple osseous metastases is a significant clinical problem. Phosphorus-32 has been used as systemic radioisotope therapy for the management of bone pain for over 40 years. However, significant hematological depression usually results and its use is limited. More recently, the bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals strontium-89, samarium-153-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid, and rhenium-186-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate have all been used as palliative treatment for patients with clinically significant bone pain. Excellent clinical responses with acceptable hematological toxicity have been observed. The clinical results rival those of external beam radiation therapy, with fewer systemic and hematological side effects. Systemic radionuclide therapy is indicated in the management of patients with painful metastatic prostate cancer in bone as soon as they escape primary hormonal management. This therapy also should play a role in the management of many patients with advanced breast cancer metastatic to bone. The role of radionuclidic therapy in osseous metastases from other malignancies is still being investigated. These compounds also hold promise as primary therapy for tumors of osseous origin. Systemic radionuclide therapy of painful bony metastases will become common in nuclear medicine practice in the next decade.
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PMID:Radionuclide therapy of intractable bone pain: emphasis on strontium-89. 158 3

Secondary hyperparathyroidism can develop as a result of bone metastases from prostatic cancer, but this has not been studied from the multiple aspects of biochemistry, hormonal status and histomorphometry. In 20 patients with stage-D prostatic cancer, a transiliac bone biopsy was performed for histomorphometric study. In all of them, molecular parathormone (PTH-M) and osteocalcin were determined by radioimmunoassay together with other parameters considered to be biological markers of bone remodelling. Of these 20 patients, only 2 (10%) had elevated PTH-M (240 +/- 20.6 pmol/l), differing significantly from the other 18 (58.6 +/- 11.7 pmol/l) and from controls (60.4 +/- 7.2 pmol/l). In the high PTH-M patients, corrected calcium was low (7.8 +/- 0.4 mg/dl) as compared to normal PTH-M patients (9.2 +/- 0.5 mg/dl, p less than 0.001), and this was also the case for serum phosphorus (2.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.3 and 3.4 +/- 0.4 mg/dl, respectively p less than 0.001). Alkaline phosphatase was raised in the patient groups as compared to controls (p less than 0.001) and was higher in the high PTH-M group (362 +/- 58 vs. 224 +/- 62 U/l, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism in metastases of prostatic carcinoma: a biochemical, hormonal and histomorphometric study. 231 37

One hundred patients with prostate cancer and two different control series [100 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and 100 general hospital patients] were matched to each other upon hospital admittance, age (+/- 3 years) and date of admission (+/- 3 months), and directly interviewed during admission from 1981 to 1984 in Kyoto, Japan. Major dietary findings derived from a quantitative food frequency technique for estimating usual diet are as follows. (a) The smaller the dietary intake of beta-carotene and vitamin A as well, the higher the risk, with a highly significant linear trend. From the beta-carotene analyses, the relative risk (95% confidence interval) for the lowest intake quartile relative to the highest was 2.10 (0.98-4.47) for the uncorrected intake, 2.35 (1.08-5.12) for the intake per kg, and 2.94 (1.34-6.44) for the intake per kcal in the comparison with BPH patients; 2.88 (1.31-6.32), 2.56 (1.14-5.76), and 3.50 (1.52-8.06), respectively, in the comparison with hospital controls. The corresponding relative risk obtained from the vitamin A analyses was 2.82 (1.30-6.14), 2.64 (1.24-5.60), and 3.29 (1.47-7.35) in due order in the comparison with BPH patients; 2.69 (1.22-5.94), 4.78 (1.98-11.52), and 3.50 (1.52-8.06) in the comparison with hospital controls. (b) beta-Carotene as well as vitamin A contained in green/yellow vegetables were significantly protective, and those in seaweeds and kelp suggestively protective. But those in fruits appeared to enhance the risk. (c) The risk reduction by dietary beta-carotene and vitamin A was significant in the older men (70-79 years), but not in the younger men (50-69 years). (d) Total energy intake and the dietary intake of fat, protein, carbohydrate, water, fiber, ash, such vitamins as retinol, B1, B2, C, and niacin, and such minerals as calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, and iron were not linked with prostate cancer risk. (e) A protective effect of dietary beta-carotene and vitamin A against prostate cancer could be related to the low overall fat intake in Japan.
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PMID:Dietary beta-carotene and cancer of the prostate: a case-control study in Kyoto, Japan. 244 78

We report 2 cases of true hypocalcemia (not caused by decreased binding proteins) associated with metastatic prostate cancer and review previously reported cases. Hypocalcemia is a common but frequently unrecognized complication of prostatic cancer. Estrogen therapy often is associated with the hypocalcemia, which may be asymptomatic. The hypocalcemia is always associated with osteoblastic metastases and usually it is associated with increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, acid phosphatase activity and serum parathyroid hormone concentration. Serum concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin D frequently are decreased. Patients are in a positive calcium balance. The osteoblastic metastases seem to act as a calcium sink, creating a "hungry tumor phenomenon". The role of estrogens may be to stop the resorption of normal bone resulting in lower serum calcium concentrations.
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PMID:Hypocalcemia associated with estrogen therapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 317 54

Gallium nitrate, an agent known to inhibit bone resorption, was evaluated in patients with bidimensionally measurable hormone-refractory prostatic cancer. The starting dose was 200 mg/m2 iv by continuous infusion over 7 days. Two patients (10%; 95% confidence limits, 0%-22%) achieved short partial remissions of 1 and 6+ months, while seven of 23 (30%; 95% confidence limits, 14%-52%) showed a diminution of bone pain. Serial indices of bone turnover including serum calcium, phosphorus, and urinary hydroxyproline excretion showed a significant decrease at the completion of the infusion which returned to baseline prior to the next cycle. The data suggest the effect on bone was too short to produce consistent improvement. Reasons for the dissociation of pain relief and antitumor activity are discussed.
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PMID:Gallium nitrate in prostatic cancer: evaluation of antitumor activity and effects on bone turnover. 330 78

The administration of radioactive phosphorus and testosterone benefitted two-thirds of thirty patients with prostate cancer treated. Subjective relief of bone pain occurred in 73% of cases and measurable objective improvement occurred in 50%. Hematopoietic depression occurred in 30% of the patients necessitating readmission to hospital for transfusion. This method of treatment is advocated for patients with widespread osseous metastasis, especially those with severe pain.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the prostate: the treatment of bone metastases by radioactive phosphorus (32P). 401 87

Bone pains observed in patients undergoing estrogen therapy, and presenting with osteoblastic metastases from prostatic cancer are usually related to unsuccessful treatment. In some patients, these pains may result from osteomalacia--ie incomplete mineralization of the new bone--because of the drainage of calcium by the osteoblastic metastases. A clinical, biological and histomorphometric study of bone specimens without decalcification was conducted in ten patients with osteoblastic disease secondary to prostatic carcinoma, who were under estrogen therapy, and for whom a change of therapy was contemplated. The study reports three cases of osteomalacia. Their bone pains were more intense, more diffuse and more permanent than those registered by patients without osteomalacia. All three had had previous fractures of the neck of the femur and a low urinary and serum calcium and phosphorus content. The discovery of osteomalacia by histomorphometric study is important because it allows effective, etiological treatment of the bone pains in these patients.
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PMID:[Prostatic osteocondensing metastases. The value of examining for osteomalacia]. 404 Jul 29

We examined whether paracrine factors produced by prostate cancer cells can modulate bone metabolism in proportion to the volume of cancer cells in bone metastasis. Endocrine factors produced by prostate cancer cells affect both phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolisms. Levels of urine pyridinoline (U-Pyr) excretion and serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1CP) in patients with bone metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients without bone metastasis (P < 0.05). In patients with bone metastasis (n = 17), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were significantly correlated with the levels of U-Pyr and urine deoxypyridinoline (U-dPyr) excretion, serum cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (1CTP), and P1CP levels (p < 0.05). However, serum PSA levels were not correlated with U-Pyr, U-dPyr excretions, serum 1CTP and P1CP levels in patients without bone metastasis. Therefore, prostate cancer cells appear to have some paracrine effects on bone cells. In controls (n = 15), serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels (1,25-(OH)2D) were inversely correlated with serum phosphorus levels (P < 0.01). In prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis, the ability to regulate the serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels in response to serum phosphorus levels is lost. These results suggest that endocrine factors produced by prostate cancer cells disturb the regulation of serum 1,25-(OH)2D in response to serum phosphorus levels.
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PMID:[Bone metabolism and phosphorus metabolism in patients with prostate cancer: paracrine and endocrine effects produced by prostate neoplasm]. 948 31

Diets high in dairy products and meats are related to higher risk of prostate cancer incidence or mortality in most ecologic, case-control, and prospective studies. Recent laboratory and epidemiologic evidence indicates that a high circulating level of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], the biologically active form of vitamin D, inhibits prostate carcinogenesis. This paper will examine the hypothesis that these observations may be linked, specifically that high dairy and meat consumption increase risk of prostate cancer by lowering 1,25(OH)2D. High intakes of calcium and phosphorus, largely from dairy products, lower circulating 1,25(OH)2D level, and sulfur-containing amino acids from animal protein lower blood pH, which also suppresses 1,25(OH)2D production. Additionally, high fructose consumption produces a transitory hypophosphatemia, and may adversely affect calcium and phosphate balance, all of which may stimulate 1,25(OH)2D production. The evidence that 1,25(OH)2D inhibits prostate carcinogenesis, and that diets that are high in calcium, phosphorus, and sulfur-containing amino acids from animal protein, as well as low in fructose, tend to decrease circulating 1,25(OH)2D will be presented. The studies examining these dietary factors in relation to prostate cancer risk will be reviewed.
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PMID:Dietary influences of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D in relation to prostate cancer: a hypothesis. 1018 38


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