Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gallium nitrate, an agent known to inhibit bone resorption, was evaluated in patients with bidimensionally measurable hormone-refractory prostatic cancer. The starting dose was 200 mg/m2 iv by continuous infusion over 7 days. Two patients (10%; 95% confidence limits, 0%-22%) achieved short partial remissions of 1 and 6+ months, while seven of 23 (30%; 95% confidence limits, 14%-52%) showed a diminution of bone pain. Serial indices of bone turnover including serum calcium, phosphorus, and urinary hydroxyproline excretion showed a significant decrease at the completion of the infusion which returned to baseline prior to the next cycle. The data suggest the effect on bone was too short to produce consistent improvement. Reasons for the dissociation of pain relief and antitumor activity are discussed.
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PMID:Gallium nitrate in prostatic cancer: evaluation of antitumor activity and effects on bone turnover. 330 78

A patient with metastatic prostate cancer is described where treatment with Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and estramustine produced severe hypophosphatemia (serum phosphate level, 1.2 mg/dl), which was reversible when treatment was discontinued. Previous studies have shown no effect of Adriamycin on serum phosphate levels. A retrospective study of serial serum chemistry values was done in 15 patients treated with estramustine. A significant fall in the serum phosphate level (mean, 0.8 +/- 0.3 mg/dl) was observed during the first 6 weeks of treatment. When compared with similar patients treated with bilateral orchiectomy, estramustine-treated patients had lower levels of serum calcium, fractional excretion of calcium, serum phosphate, and renal tubular threshold for phosphate reabsorption (TmPO4/GFR). Qualitatively similar but quantitatively smaller effects were also seen in a group of patients treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) in a dose of 1 to 3 mg daily. Estramustine appears to have significant effects on bone mineral metabolism, particularly on renal phosphate handling resulting in significant hypophosphatemia. This is probably due to an estrogenic effect.
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PMID:Estramustine affects bone mineral metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer. 375 69

The overall mortality and the incidence of cancer have been studied among male employees at a plant producing calcium carbide. The cohort was defined as all men employed at the plant for at least 18 months in the period 1953 to 1970 and was classified according to 10 occupational categories. The 790 men have been observed from 1953 to 1983 and the incidence of cancer in the cohort has been compared with national incidence rates. A significant excess of colonic cancer (standardised incidence ratio, SIR = 2.09) and of prostatic cancer (SIR = 1.78) was found, and also a slight excess of lung cancer among furnace and maintenance workers (SIR = 1.56). The possible exposure of the workers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, asbestos, and cadmium is discussed.
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PMID:Incidence of cancer among workers producing calcium carbide. 396 72

Bone pains observed in patients undergoing estrogen therapy, and presenting with osteoblastic metastases from prostatic cancer are usually related to unsuccessful treatment. In some patients, these pains may result from osteomalacia--ie incomplete mineralization of the new bone--because of the drainage of calcium by the osteoblastic metastases. A clinical, biological and histomorphometric study of bone specimens without decalcification was conducted in ten patients with osteoblastic disease secondary to prostatic carcinoma, who were under estrogen therapy, and for whom a change of therapy was contemplated. The study reports three cases of osteomalacia. Their bone pains were more intense, more diffuse and more permanent than those registered by patients without osteomalacia. All three had had previous fractures of the neck of the femur and a low urinary and serum calcium and phosphorus content. The discovery of osteomalacia by histomorphometric study is important because it allows effective, etiological treatment of the bone pains in these patients.
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PMID:[Prostatic osteocondensing metastases. The value of examining for osteomalacia]. 404 Jul 29

Several indirect biochemical indices of bone resorption are increased in patients with carcinoma of the prostate and skeletal metastases. We have examined histological indices of bone resorption in biopsies from affected patients. Bone-forming surfaces and active osteoblast numbers were increased in skeletal sites adjacent to tumour tissue and indices of bone resorption were significantly increased at sites adjacent to tumour. Contrary to expectation, indices of bone resorption were also increased in bone distant from skeletal metastases. These findings suggest that prostatic cancer induces generalised loss of trabecular bone which may minimise disturbances in plasma calcium homeostasis but could contribute to morbidity.
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PMID:Generalised increase in bone resorption in carcinoma of the prostate. 408 33

LHRH physiology is now well known. This decapeptide is released every 60 to 120 minutes by the hypothalamic pulse generator. Dopamine, noradrenaline, prostaglandins and endogenous morphinomimetics play a role in its regulation. Testosterone exerts its feed back exclusively at the hypothalamic level. LHRH action at the pituitary level is mediated through high affinity receptors. LHRH internalization is not necessary for its action which is calcium-dependent. At the testicular level, LHRH receptors are identical to those on the pituitary. Acute administration of LHRH increases both receptors on the pituitary and the testis. The synthesis of LHRH analogs with prolonged effects has produced agonist and antagonist substances which both inhibit gonadotropins. This gonadotrope inhibition is explained, in the case of agonists by both pituitary and gonadal desensitization in animal experiments. This last action is linked to LH increase. In the rat, LHRH has also led to a parallel impairment of steroidogenesis by 17 hydroxylase and 17-20 desmolase deficiency. The physiological effect of LHRH is produced exclusively by pulsatile administration. It can now be considered for the treatment of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Moreover, the gonadotrope inhibition induced by LHRH agonist with prolonged action can be of therapeutic use in idiopathic precocious puberty, prostatic cancer and inhibition of spermatogenesis (an association with androgens being necessary in this last case).
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PMID:[LHRH in man. Current data]. 613 Jul 41

Calcitonin obtained from eels (ell-CT) was given to 14 patients who had developed bony pains due to bone metastases of malignant tumors and who did not respond to 12 various analgesics. The patients consisted of 12 males and 2 females, with a mean age of sixty-five. Eel-CT (Elcitonin) was injected intramuscularly to each patient at a dose of 40 units twice daily. Other analgesics were assessed to be ineffective at the time of CT administration and they were not given consideration in the evaluation. For the assessment of drug effect, a pain score was prepared. Eel-CT was markedly effective in 3 patients, effective in 8 patients, and ineffective in 2 patients. Eel-CT had a better effect on prostatic cancer than any other cancer. The analgesic effect was observed in the first week of drug administration at around a total dose of 1,000 units. Although the pain tended to appear at regions on which the body weight was liable to rest, the analgesic effect was seen irrespective of the side of pain. Since serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), CT levels and bone scintigrams between pre-and post-CT administration did not differ, the analgesic mode of action of CT is not supposed to be related to inhibition of bone absorption nor bone formation. The therapeutic effect hardly suggests any direct action of CT on the tumor.
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PMID:[Effect of calcitonin on body pains caused by bone metastases of urogenital cancer]. 667 46

In 25 patients with prostatic cancer and 26 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, urinary hydroxyproline excretion as estimated by the method described by Cleary and Saunders. The patients were kept on a diet free of gelatin. Urinary creatinine was measured in all patients and serum acid phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and calcium were measured in patients with prostatic cancer. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion and the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio were both elevated in patients who had prostate cancer with bone metastasis when compared to values in patients who had benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostatic cancer without bone metastasis. These two were more sensitive indicators of bone metastasis than serum acid phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and calcium. These results suggest that urinary hydroxyproline is a valuable index of bone metastasis in prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Urinary hydroxyproline excretion as a marker of bone metastasis in prostatic cancer. 712 46

Of 31 patients with prostatic cancer, 21 have skeletal metastases proven by bone scintigraphy and/or radiology. The sensitivity and specificity of the following measurements are compared: total urinary hydroxyproline, urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio, free serum hydroxyproline, alkaline and prostatic phosphatases and serum calcium. The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio is the most sensitive measurement for the diagnosis of bone metastasis, while total urinary hydroxyproline excretion per 24 hours is the most specific. Free serum hydroxyproline has no particular significance for this diagnosis. The alkaline and acid phosphatases are elevated but are not specific. Serum calcium decreases when skeletal metastases are present.
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PMID:[Urinary and serum hydroxyproline in the diagnosis of bone metastases of prostatic cancer]. 723 40

Bone metastases that develop in patients with advanced prostate cancer often cause deep, unremitting pain. Palliative options for the control of this pain include analgesic support, cytotoxic chemotherapy and external-beam radiotherapy. In addition to external irradiation, interest in intravenously injected radioisotopes that are preferentially localized to bone has been mounting. Metastron (an isotope of strontium) imitates the biodistribution of calcium in vivo and is avidly taken up into bony metastases where it has a biological half-life of just over 50 days. The biological half-life in undiseased bone is far shorter, approximately 14 days. Various studies have been conducted to evaluate the role of Metastron in metastatic prostate cancer. An optimum dose has yet to be finalized, but it is clear that the change of haematological toxicity becomes more significant at much larger doses. In the large, randomized Trans Canada study in which Metastron or placebo was given to patients as an adjunct to local field irradiation, those patients treated with Metastron had a significantly reduced intake of analgesics. Furthermore, progression of pain, as measured either by sites of new pain or by the requirement for further palliative radiotherapy, demonstrated statistically significant differences in favour of Metastron. There is thus increasing evidence of a useful role for Metastron in the treatment of prostate cancer metastatic to bone.
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PMID:Strontium-89 (Metastron) in the treatment of prostate cancer metastatic to bone. 753 65


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