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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A transplantable, metastasizing prostatic adenocarcinoma (Tumor I) in Lobund Wistar rats was examined for activity and distribution of five hydrolytic enzymes and for ability to accumulate radioactive zinc. The results suggest that the tumor had arisen in the ventral lobe of the prostate and that its growth was not affected by orchiectomy, adrenalectomy, or replacement treatment with exogenous androgen or corticosteroids. The androgen independency of the tumor was further shown by the low uptake of 3H-testosterone, in contrast to the high uptake in the ventral prostate. Tumor growth was retarded by Cytoxan but not by 5-fluorouracil, Estracyt, or streptozotocin, three agents clinically effective in the treatment of some patients with prostatic cancer resistant to endocrine therapy. It is concluded that this tumor in Lobund Wistar rats may be an adequate model for human prostatic cancers resistant to the agents mentioned above.
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PMID:A rat prostatic adenocarcinoma as a model for the human disease. 44 85

Recently, we completed three chronic studies in rats indicating that cadmium exposure can induce tumours of the prostate. In the first study, s.c. cadmium exposure increased prostatic tumour incidence only at doses below the threshold for cadmium induction of testicular dysfunction (5.0 mumol/kg). In a second study, prostatic tumours were elevated at higher doses of cadmium (30 mumol/kg, s.c.) if testicular dysfunction was prevented by zinc treatment. Finally, dietary cadmium (25-200 micrograms/g) increased prostatic neoplastic lesions. Thus it appears that cadmium produces prostatic tumours only if testicular function is maintained. Accumulation and retention of prostatic cadmium appears to be highly androgen-dependent. Furthermore, metallothionein, a protein associated with tolerance to cadmium, may be deficient in the rat prostate, and the prostatic metallothionein gene, at least in the ventral lobe, may be unresponsive to metal stimuli. The finding of prostatic cancer in cadmium-treated rats clearly supports a possible role for exposure to cadmium in human prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Cadmium exposure in rats and tumours of the prostate. 130 66

Zinc in serum from patients with prostatic carcinoma and BPH before and after treatment was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. There were significant differences between prostatic cancer and BPH. We also found distinct differences in the plasma content of zinc in patients with prostatic carcinoma before and after therapy. We conclude that the zinc concentration in serum may be a valuable index for the differential diagnosis and therapy of prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Zinc plasma levels in prostatic carcinoma and BPH. 171 3

A population-based case-control study in Utah of 358 cases diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1984 and 1985, and 679 controls categorically matched by age and county of residence, were interviewed to investigate the association between dietary intake of energy (kcal), fat, protein, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin C, zinc, cadmium, selenium, and prostate cancer. Dietary data were ascertained using a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed separately by age (45-67, 68-74) and by tumor aggressiveness. The most significant associations were seen for older males and aggressive tumors. Dietary fat was the strongest risk factor for these males, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.9 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.0-8.4) for total fat; OR = 2.2 (CI = 0.7-6.6) for saturated fat; OR = 3.6 (CI = 1.3-9.7) for monounsaturated fat; and OR = 2.7 (CI = 1.1-6.8) for polyunsaturated fat. Protein and carbohydrates had positive but nonsignificant associations. Energy intake had an OR of 2.5 (CI = 1.0-6.5). In these older men, no effects were seen for dietary cholesterol, body mass, or physical activity. There was little association between prostate cancer and dietary intake of zinc, cadmium, selenium, vitamin C, and beta-carotene. Total vitamin A had a slight positive association with all prostate cancer (OR = 1.6, CI = 0.9-2.4), but not with aggressive tumors. No associations were found in younger males, with the exception of physical activity which showed active males to be at an increased but nonsignificant risk for aggressive tumors (OR = 2.0, CI = 0.8-5.2) and beta-carotene which showed a nonsignificant protective effect (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.3-1.6). The findings suggest that dietary intake, especially fats, may increase risk of aggressive prostate tumors in older males.
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PMID:Adult dietary intake and prostate cancer risk in Utah: a case-control study with special emphasis on aggressive tumors. 187 41

In order to determine the role of cadmium and zinc in the very low incidence (10/100,000) of cancer of the prostate, in African blacks which contrasts with the very high incidence (100/100,000) in American blacks, the authors measured the serum and prostatic concentrations of these trace metals in healthy Nigerian men and those with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostatic cancer using atomic absorption spectrophotometric study. The mean plasma zinc concentration of healthy men was 14.9 mumol/l +/- 0.5 SEM, whereas those with BPH and malignant glands were 16.5 mumol/l +/- 0.6 SEM and 11 mumol/l +/- 0.7 SEM, respectively. The mean serum cadmium concentrations were 15.2 mumol/l +/- 0.6 SEM, 15.5 mumol/l +/- 0.7 SEM, and 24.2 +/- 0.9 SEM for normal, BPH, and cancer subjects, respectively. The mean prostatic tissue zinc concentration in normal gland was 12.1 mumol/g +/- 0.8 SEM, BPH 17.9 mumol/g +/- 0.6 SEM, and cancer gland 2.9 mumol/g +/- 0.4 SEM. The mean prostatic tissue cadmium concentration for normal BPH and malignant glands were 3.8 mumol/g +/- 0.6 SEM, 14.6 mumol/g +/- 0.37 SEM. The serum and prostatic tissue values of these trace metals in our controls, BPH, and cancer subjects compare with those from populations with higher prostatic cancer rates. This suggests that these metals do not primarily play any significant role in the reported low incidence rate of prostatic cancer in our community. Furthermore, in control subjects and those with BPH, cadmium/zinc ratio, whether evaluated for serum or prostatic tissue was one or less. In patients with cancer, however, this ratio was always greater than one. The possible clinical use of this ratio to diagnose cancer of the prostate gland and to follow-up such patients needs to be further evaluated through more studies.
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PMID:Zinc and cadmium concentrations in indigenous blacks with normal, hypertrophic, and malignant prostate. 246 18

Cadmium has been implicated in the increase in prostate cancer incidence in men exposed to high levels. A decrease in zinc and a concomitant increase in cadmium levels in the human prostate has been shown. The role and mechanism of cadmium action in prostate carcinogenesis is not clear. Selenium, on the other hand, has been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis in several animal systems. Results show that cadmium stimulates the growth of human prostatic epithelium in vitro, between 10(-9) M and 10(-7) M concentrations. Selenium, at concentrations between 10(-12) M and 10(-7) M shows no growth stimulatory or inhibitory effects on these cells. However, when present at 10(-8) M level, selenium inhibits the growth stimulation induced by cadmium. These results suggest that selenium may be useful in counteracting the effects of cadmium in the human prostate and offer possibilities for investigations on the protective effects of selenium in cadmium-related carcinogenesis in man.
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PMID:Selenium prevents the growth stimulatory effects of cadmium on human prostatic epithelium. 258 May 23

Zinc in serum of both patients with prostatic carcinoma and men without prostatic cancer was analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). No significant differences were found between the group with prostatic carcinoma without metastasis and the group used for comparison. The Zn level in serum of patients with both prostatic carcinoma and metastases was decreased in comparison to the other groups. A decrease in the Zn concentration was also found for men without metastases after orchiectomy and hormone therapy.
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PMID:Serum-Zn-levels in prostatic cancer. 292 90

A total of 452 cases of prostatic cancer identified through the population-based Hawaii Tumor Registry during the period 1977-1983 and 899 age-matched population controls were interviewed on the island of Oahu from 1981 to 1983. All interviews of the subjects, who comprised five different ethnic groups, were conducted in the home by use of a quantitative dietary history method. Usual weekly intake of fat, zinc, and vitamins A and C, including supplements, was determined for each subject. Among men 70 years or older, but not among younger men, and mean weekly consumption of saturated fat, carotenes, and zinc, adjusted for age and ethnicity, was greater for cases than for controls. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for the highest quartile of fat intake among the older men was 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.8). The corresponding odds ratios were 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.5) for carotenes, 1.4 (95% CI 0.9-2.3) for total vitamin C, and 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.7) for total zinc. There were significant linear trends in the odds ratios for saturated fat and zinc, but no synergistic interactions among the nutrients. The findings suggest that several different components of the diet may contribute independently to the risk of prostatic cancer in elderly men.
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PMID:Diet and prostatic cancer: a case-control study in Hawaii. 335 18

This one-to-one, age- and race-matched case-control study involved 181 histologically confirmed black prostate cancer patients and 181 controls seen at three major hospitals in Washington, DC, during the period 1979-1982. Personal interviews were conducted to obtain the number of times food items of specified serving size were consumed per week by cases and controls during the age periods 30-49 and 50 years and older. Then the average daily consumption of each of 18 nutrients per 1,000 calories was calculated. There was risk enhancement associated with increased intake of proteins, total fat, saturated fat, oleic acid, and vitamin A during the age period 30-49 years. The association was highly significant for vitamin A and approached statistical significance for the other four nutrients. A hypothesis based on disturbance of the zinc-retinol binding protein-vitamin A axis was put forward to explain the relative risk enhancement effect of vitamin A on prostate cancer.
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PMID:Nutrition and prostate cancer: a case-control study. 403 55

Recently, the study of the physiological role of the essential trace elements is being emphasized. Some environmental and disease factors has been demonstrated to perturb trace element homeostasis. A number of recent studies have described alterations in serum copper levels (SCLs) and serum zinc levels (SZLs) in human cancer patients and the relationship between the magnitude of their perturbation and disease activity. This report describes SCLs, SZLs and SCL/SZL ratios in patients with malignant neoplasms of the urogenital tract at various clinical stages and the relationship of the levels of these trace elements to disease activity. According to SCLs before treatment, patients with renal cell carcinoma appeared to be separated into two groups, normal SCL group and higher SCL group. In the higher SCL group, patients generally displayed increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, alpha 2 globulin, beta 2 microglobulin, ferritin and CEA. In this group, SCL was a useful index of disease activity. In the normal SCL group, SCLs remained within normal limit even in patients with advanced disease. In renal cell carcinoma, SZLs did not reflect disease activity. In transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, patients with metastasis had significantly elevated SCLs and significantly decreased SZLs, compared with normal controls or patients without metastasis. In transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, no distinct relationships were observed between these trace elements and extent of malignancy. But there was a trend toward increasing SCLs and decreasing SZLs with progressing stage and SCL/SZL ratios fairly reflect stage of disease. Patients with prostatic cancer had nearly normal SCLs and SZLs, although there were a few exceptions. Testicular cancer patients with distant metastasis had significantly elevated SCLs and initially high SCLs decreased in patients responding to therapy and increased again in relapse. SZLs and, hence, SCL/SZL ratios had no relationship to activity of testicular cancer. Currently there is no satisfactory way of following the progress of malignancies of the urogenital tract except prostatic cancer with elevated acid phosphatase and non-seminomatous testicular tumors until the secondary tumor can be detected radiographically. Our study suggests that these trace element might be a useful indicator of disease activity of some of the urogenital malignancies.
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PMID:[Serum copper and zinc levels in patients with malignant neoplasm of the urogenital tract]. 408 94


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