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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In seeking to define the relative value of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer, 863 patients were studied and the findings compared. DRE detected malignancy in 0.3% of the population of asymptomatic "normal" men undergoing routine health screening, and in 1.6% of patients who consulted their General Practitioner for one reason or another. In patients who attended our out-patient department with a variety of urological symptoms (not necessarily prostatic), TRUS suggested malignancy in 2% of those glands which were pronounced normal on DRE. Significantly elevated PSA detected malignancy in 0.3% of the patients undergoing routine health screening. (Although this figure equals the pick-up rate by DRE in this group, they were not necessarily the same patients). When these 3 investigations are summated, the pick-up rate is twice as high as when a single parameter is used.
Br J Urol 1991 Sep
PMID:Screening for prostate cancer. Comparison of transrectal ultrasound, prostate specific antigen and rectal examination. 171 96

The concept of a combination of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy for the treatment of locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate was evaluated in view of an improved success rate compared to radiotherapy alone. At present, however, radiotherapy still remains the central mode of therapy in the treatment of the local tumor. The time sequence in a combination with hormonal therapy is of importance. Antecedent hormonal treatment can reduce tumor size, thus improving local conditions for percutaneous--and especially interstitial--radiotherapy; it is indicated in patients with voiding problems. An improvement in survival rates has so far not been achieved, however, local tumor remission rates are better. With concomitant hormonal therapy, compared to radiotherapy alone, tumor progression rates are lower. It remains to be seen, whether these results can be improved by using newer pharmacological ways of androgen blockade. The application of androgen withdrawal as a secondary measure with local tumor persistence or progression after radiotherapy remains a palliative treatment of limited efficacy. Due to the heterogeneity of the available study reports and the concurrent lack of controlled, randomized trials, a conclusive evaluation of the concept of combined radio- and hormonal therapy of prostatic cancer is as yet not possible.
Strahlenther Onkol 1991 Sep
PMID:[The combined radiation and hormonal therapy of prostatic carcinoma: a conceptual analysis]. 171 45

Using new criteria for histological effects of anti-cancer treatment, the effects of hormono-chemotherapy on 10 patients with prostatic cancer not previously treated were compared with those on 10 patients who received conventional hormone therapy. Marked effects were observed in 4 (40%) patients received hormono-chemotherapy but not observed in patients who received conventional hormone therapy (chi 2 test, p less than 0.05). All four cases who showed marked effects were in stage B at the beginning of treatment. Hormonal effects were more obvious in well differentiated cancer, and the effects of chemotherapy were observed in some cases with moderately and poorly differentiated cancer. Therefore, the addition of chemotherapy is recommended as the initial therapy on prostatic cancer to reduce the relapsing rate, especially for patients with poorly and moderately differentiated cancer.
Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1991 Sep
PMID:[Histological effects of hormono-chemotherapy on prostatic cancer]. 171 64

The authors present a case in which the diagnosis of prostate cancer metastatic to the skin was made by skin biopsy with immunoperoxidase stains for prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. These are tests that should be performed when the location of the primary malignancy is not otherwise evident.
Mo Med 1991 Sep
PMID:Cancer of prostate metastatic to the skin diagnosed by immunoperoxidase staining. 174 21

Reported are two cases of prostate cancer metastatic to the testicle. Both patients underwent bilateral orchiectomies for treatment of symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer. Testicular metastasis was found incidentally in one patient and was suspected in the other. This site of spread is rare. The clinical significance and prognosis are discussed and the pertinent literature reviewed.
J Am Osteopath Assoc 1991 Sep
PMID:Testicular metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 175 81

At approximately 11%, carcinoma of the prostate is the third leading cause of tumor-related death. The etiology of the disease remains unknown. In 1989, 9,074 deaths from this disease were recorded in the Federal Republic of Germany. With a five-year survival rate of 75%, carcinoma of the prostate is one of the cancers with a favorable prognosis. The number of new cases occurring annually in the Federal Republic of Germany (formerly West Germany) is probably between 17,000 and 19,000, or roughly 60 per 100,000 men. The (true) number of prostatic cancer patients is about fivefold, approximately 90,000. The first population-related figures for such clinical parameters as initial symptomatology, distribution of stage and the pattern of progression are now available from the Munich Tumor Registry. Another such parameter is the figure of 15% describing patients in whom bone metastases presented at the time of the diagnosis.
Fortschr Med 1991 Sep 10
PMID:[Epidemiology of prostatic carcinoma. From the Work Group Urology in the Munich Tumor Register]. 178 44

The clinical significance of cytofluorometric nuclear DNA analysis, ploidy pattern and DNA content, was investigated in 47 incidental prostatic carcinomas, 24 stage A1 and 23 stage A2 cases, 9 clinically advanced cases and 25 BPHs. The results were compared to clinical stage and histological differentiation. The mean nuclear DNA content of stage A1 cancer, which was similar to BPH, differed from that of stage A2 cases. The latter was almost identical to that of advanced cases. In moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas it was higher than that of well differentiated ones. A non-diploid pattern was distributed in 33% of stage A1, 78% of stage A2 and 89% of clinically advanced cases. It was detected in 42% of the well-, 77% of the moderately- and 100% of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. The DNA analysis of incidental prostatic cancer thus correlated well to the clinical and pathological parameters. If limited to well differentiated carcinomas, however, 17% of the stage A1 cases showed an aneuploid, and 29% of the stage A2 cases, a diploid pattern. No diploid pattern was detected in clinically advanced cases. Although we have not been able to prove any difference in prognosis in the present cases, these findings suggest that the nuclear DNA analysis is another parameter in defining the prognosis of incidental prostatic carcinoma. Further follow-up of the patients and accumulation of the data are necessary to determine the clinical validity of this method.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1991 Sep
PMID:[Study of incidental carcinoma of the prostate. II. Nuclear DNA analysis]. 178 7

The quality of life (QOL) was studied on 31 prostatic cancer (PC) patients, being followed at our out-patient-clinic during a relapse-free period. Fifteen of them were under treatment with a slow releasing LH-RH analogue (TAP-144 SR Depot) (TAP) and the other 16 prostatic cancer patients with synthetic estrogen (Honvan) (DES). The QOL of 37 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients on conservative treatment was also studied. Concerning their general feeling of health, the prostatic cancer patients on TAP treatment felt subjectively better than those on DES. The social life of the patients on TAP or those who had BPH was less affected than that of those on DES. The quality of sexual life was worse for the prostatic cancer patients on both TAP and DES treatment than for the BPH patients.
Hinyokika Kiyo 1991 Sep
PMID:[A comparison of the quality of life of prostatic cancer patients under slow releasing LH-RH analogue (TAP-144SR Depot) treatment or synthetic estrogen treatment]. 178 8

We hypothesize that each cell in low-grade (Gleason grade 1-3) prostate cancer tissue is at risk of transformation into a cell which produces a high-grade (Gleason grade 4-5) clinical cancer after a short period of growth. As a consequence, the volume of low-grade, latent cancer tissue in the prostate glands of men at any age determines their incidence rate for high-grade, clinical cancer a few years later. Autopsy and incidence data for both white men and black men support this conclusion, with a tumor growth period of about 7 years. The transformation rate is similar for black men and for white men, about 0.024 high-grade cancers per year per cm3 of low-grade, latent cancer volume. Our hypothesis explains the infrequent occurrence of clinical cancer despite the high prevalence of latent cancer, the steep rise of clinical cancer incidence with age despite the slow rise of latent cancer prevalence with age, and the disparities in clinical cancer incidence among some populations despite their similar latent cancer prevalence. This hypothesis suggests that low-grade cancer volume is a critical determinant of clinical cancer risk.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1991 Sep 04
PMID:Low-grade, latent prostate cancer volume: predictor of clinical cancer incidence? 187 Jan 41

Twenty-two patients seen between 1975 and 1988 were analyzed who had surgical attempts to cure locally advanced prostate cancer by exenterative procedures or salvage surgery for radiation recurrent disease. Twelve patients (Group I) underwent either a salvage cystoprostatectomy or perineal prostatectomy for radiorecurrent disease, including three patients with a Kock continent urinary diversion done in combination with the salvage operation. Five of the 12 (41.7%) recurrent disease confined to the surgical specimen and 11 of 12 (91.7%) are alive at a mean follow-up of 49 months, including four patients (25%) with a completely negative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value (less than 0.2 ng/dl). All perineal prostatectomy patients are continent, and two of the three Kock pouch patients are continent. Ten of the 22 patients (Group II) had a cystoprostatectomy or exenteration for locally advanced disease that the surgeon did not think was amenable to standard radical prostatectomy. Only one of these ten patients had negative surgical margins, capsule, and seminal vesicles. Nine are alive (although only one patient has no evidence of disease) at a mean follow-up of 59 months. Morbidity was substantial with a 50% major complication rate including four patients requiring reoperation because of bleeding, abscess, bowel obstruction, or colostomy closure. Salvage procedures for radiorecurrent disease can be done safely, even with the inclusion of a continent diversion, and may be curative or provide survival benefit to carefully selected patients. Cystoprostatectomy or exenteration for locally advanced disease does not appear to be a curative endeavor for most patients and may be accompanied by significant morbidity.
Cancer 1991 Sep 15
PMID:The role of radical surgery in the management of radiation recurrent and large volume prostate cancer. 187 80


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