Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BALL-ELSA PSA is a monoclonal radioimmunometric assay kit for detection of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) developed and generally used in Europe. Basic and clinical study of the kit was performed for evaluation of it's utility in Japanese patients. The sera from 56 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 35 patients with prostate cancer (PCA) and 18 normal males were examined. Other kits such as EIKEN PSA and EIKEN PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase) were also evaluated in same sera. The results of the range in the measurement, within-assay error, between-assay error, dilution test, recovery test and others were well satisfied. In our clinical study, mean + 2SD of serum PSA values in normal males was 2.57 ng/ml. Serum PSA values determined by the two RIA kits, BALL-ELSA and EIKEN, showed a good correlation (r = 0.9909), but the BALL-ELSA PSA kit yielded values about 2.4 times higher than the EIKEN PSA kit on the same sample. We think that the difference might be largely due to differences in assigned PSA calibrators and diluents between the assay kits. Further investigations and discussions were expected on this point. In our study, the most suitable cut-off level for distinguishing PCA from BPH in BALL-ELSA PSA kit was 10.0 ng/ml.
Kaku Igaku 1992 Sep
PMID:[Basic and clinical evaluation of the new kit for detection of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA)]. 128 Jun 97

Prostate cancer is a disease mostly effecting aged men. The incidence rate of this disease is much lower in China than in Europe and America. However, certain data have been accumulated indicating an increasing tendency in this country in recent years. The present report also supports this view and suggest the importance of strengthening of epidemiological research in this area in future. The problem how to treat patients with advanced prostate cancer is of essential importance since most cases are diagnosed in III or IV stage of the disease. In the present study, 10 out of 26 suspected cases (38.5%) was diagnosed by needle aspiration biopsy, being 90.9% of 11 cases confirmed histopathologically. The elevation of tumor maker acid phosphatase activity was positive in 8 out of 17 cases (47.1%). In this group, 11/17 (64.7%) received bilateral orchidectomy plus estrogenic hormones. The effective rate was 81.9% (9/11). Relapse occurred in 4 out of the 9 cases (44.4%), probably due to estrogenic hormone-dependence.
Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1992 Sep
PMID:[Advanced prostate cancer--an analysis of 17 cases]. 129

Growth patterns in prostatic cancer can reduce detectability of genetic alterations. Tumors show histologic grade heterogeneity, multifocality, interdigitation of benign and malignant glands, and varying amounts of stroma. These characteristics introduce sampling errors when one uses traditional methods for genetic analysis that depend on disaggregated cells [metaphase or interphase chromosome studies] or on tissue extracts [Southern blotting or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] to detect molecular events. To circumvent these problems, we used two approaches to study paraffin-embedded tumors, which permit focused analysis of critical tissue components. Serial 4- to 5-microns sections are applied to slides in groups of three. Every second slide is hematoxylin and eosin stained to visualize areas of carcinoma, dysplasia, hyperplasia, and stroma; tumor-rich areas are circled with ink and used as templates to examine or excise the same areas from adjacent nonstained sections. PCR methods for quantitative and qualitative gene assay are effective in evaluating samples when alteration at a particular locus is suspected. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific paracentromeric probes for detection of copy number of the relevant chromosome is applied to the adjacent section. Normal chromosome controls for both methods were demonstrated. This protocol enables us to correlate genetic alterations precisely with tumor extent and morphology.
Diagn Mol Pathol 1992 Sep
PMID:An approach to definition of genetic alterations in prostate cancer. 134 66

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has replaced prostatic acid phosphatase as the preeminent clinical tumor marker in the management of patients with prostate cancer. Serum PSA levels have been shown to be proportional to clinical and pathologic stage of prostate cancer and in particular to correlate closely with prostate cancer volume. Serum levels of PSA thus serve as a useful adjunct in the initial clinical staging of men with prostate cancer. Serum PSA values provide a unique and valuable tool in monitoring prostate cancer progression over time and its response to surgical, radiation, and/or hormonal therapies. Unfortunately, its lack of specificity for prostate cancer leaves many questions unanswered as to the efficacy and advisability of using PSA as a screening test for this cancer.
Geriatrics 1992 Sep
PMID:Prostate specific antigen: clinical use in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. 138 Sep 41

Systematic biopsies are a useful, sensitive means to detect carcinoma of the prostate. However, multiple biopsies pose a risk for detecting clinically insignificant prostate cancer, that is those cancers less than 0.5 cc in volume, which occur in approximately 32% of all white men more than 50 years old. Systematic biopsies were positive for cancer in 442 of 816 patients and 60 (14%) demonstrated only a minute focus of cancer (3 mm. or less) in 1 of the 6 biopsy specimens. In 27 patients with these minute foci who underwent radical prostatectomy a wide range of cancer volumes was observed; 30% of these 27 cancers were less than 0.5 cc (15% less than 0.2 cc) and may not have required therapy. Thus, the overall risk of detecting an insignificant cancer is 4.0% with systematic biopsies. Performance of confirmatory biopsies in patients with a minute focus (3 mm. or less) of cancer on initial systematic biopsies resulted in cancers less than 0.5 cc being removed in only 1 of 10 radical prostatectomies (10%, none was less than 0.2 cc). Thus, with the addition of confirmatory biopsies the risk of detecting insignificant cancer is 1.4%. Conservative management is recommended for patients without significant cancer on repeat biopsies in whom initial biopsies have revealed only a minute focus of cancer in 1 of the biopsy cores. We believe that concern is also warranted for patients who have 3 mm. or less of cancer demonstrated by several nonsystematic biopsies directed at a suspicious hypoechoic lesion in whom the digital rectal examination is normal.
J Urol 1992 Sep
PMID:Detection of clinically significant prostate cancer by transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic biopsies. 138 Sep 91

No screening test has been proven to reduce prostate cancer mortality. DRE has been the traditional method of screening, and it is often used to detect other diseases in addition to prostate cancer. Newer modalities, such as TRUS and PSA, can identify patients with nonpalpable prostate cancer, but the use of these tests will also result in many false-positives. In addition, it is not known whether the use of these tests will reduce prostate cancer mortality, or instead cause harm to those patients screened. Given the potential for harm, and the extraordinary expense, routine screening of asymptomatic men with newer modalities should be considered experimental.
Prim Care 1992 Sep
PMID:Prostate cancer screening. 138 77

The ability of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) to predict bone metastases at initial presentation was determined in 146 patients, and in 66 patients during a 3-year period; 14.7% of patients with bone metastases at presentation had a PSA value less than 20 ng/ml. All patients who subsequently developed bone metastases had a PSA greater than 20 ng/ml and the rise in PSA often antedated the detection of bone metastases. Bone scans are still necessary in the initial staging but following diagnosis and treatment can be replaced by serum PSA measurement in monitoring patients with prostatic cancer.
Br J Urol 1992 Sep
PMID:Prostate specific antigen and bone scan correlation in the staging and monitoring of patients with prostatic cancer. 138 20

The ability of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and serum acid phosphatase (SAP) to identify skeletal spread was evaluated in untreated patients with prostatic cancer. Twenty patients with scintigraphic evidence of metastatic disease in bone (M1) at diagnosis were compared with 50 untreated patients in whom scans were repeatedly negative during long-term surveillance. Using the present laboratory upper limit of normal (ULN) of 3 iu/l, the sensitivity and specificity of SAP for M1 disease were 80 and 86% respectively. Stepwise discriminant analysis demonstrated that SAP was able to stage patients correctly (bone scan positive or negative) with 81% predictive accuracy at an optimum cut-off limit of 4.6 iu/l. By contrast, whilst PSA (Hybritech) was 100% sensitive for skeletal disease at 10 ng/ml--at the expense of poor (36%) specificity--analysis determined that an optimum cut-off limit of 58 ng/ml led to 79% predictive accuracy for disease in bone. It was concluded that PSA levels > 58 ng/ml are highly indicative of spread to the skeleton, even in the absence of radiological or scintigraphic evidence of metastases.
Br J Urol 1992 Sep
PMID:Levels of prostate specific antigen that predict skeletal spread in prostate cancer. 138 21

Analysis of ten primary prostatic tumor cultures using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with pericentromeric probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 10, 16, 17, and 18 revealed aneusomies in nine of these specimens. Classical cytogenetics by G-banding indicated that only four of those same ten specimens had any (but not consistent) clonal abnormalities. This preliminary study suggests that aneusomy is a common event in early-stage prostatic tumors, and also supports the notion that multiple chromosomes are involved. In combination with routine cytogenetic analysis, FISH is thus likely to be a powerful tool in the evaluation of prostatic cancer.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1992 Sep
PMID:Analysis of prostatic tumor cultures using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). 139 6

Cranial nerve palsies secondary to metastatic prostate cancer are uncommon occurrences. Usually appearing late in the course of the disease, they are associated with a poor prognosis. We report a case of a 71-year-old man who initially complained of diplopia and was found to have a right sixth nerve palsy and hyperdeviation caused by a mass in the clivus. Biopsy of the mass and extensive systemic workup revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1992 Sep
PMID:Sixth nerve palsy as the initial presenting sign of metastatic prostate cancer. A case report and review of the literature. 140 Nov 57


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