Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estrogens in the male are secreted by the testes and derived extragonadally from the aromatization of certain androgens. In some brain regions critical for the control of gonadotropin secretion and behavior, androgens may be aromatized to estrogens within the cells that are regulated. Estrogen may have other physiological roles on the testes to control testosterone secretion and on accessory sex glands to promote both fibromuscular growth and secretion. High doses of estrogen given for treatment of prostatic cancer or modulation of reproductive function not only reduce testosterone secretion but also interact with the liver, changing the secretion of various plasma proteins and causing several undesirable side effects. The hypothalamus, pituitary, testes, accessory sex glands, and liver all contain an apparently identical protein, the estrogen receptor, which may mediate the actions of estrogen.
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PMID:Estrogen receptors in the male. 730 38

In vitro pretreatment of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with prostatic cancer with therapeutically significant levels of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-P) has been shown to suppress cell-mediated tumor-associated immunity (TAI). In the present retrospective evaluation of TAI in 27 patients with prostatic cancer, prior to and following the receipt of nonhormonal and hormonal, ie, estrogen and/or orchiectomy, therapy, patients receiving hormonal therapy possessed significantly (p less than 0.05) lower levels of TAI, irrespective of the in vitro pretreatment of their PBL with DES-P. Suppression of TAI by in vitro pretreatment of PBL with DES-P and in prostatic cancer patients receiving estrogen therapy parallels and extends earlier observations of the estrogenic suppression of nonspecific, mitogen-induced cellular responsiveness. The clinical relevance of the immunosuppressive effects of hormonal therapy on tumor-host responsiveness is considered in view of the present and previous studies.
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PMID:Modulatory effects of estrogen on immunologic responsiveness. III. Effect of hormonal versus nonhormonal therapy on tumor-associated immunity in prostatic cancer. 733 56

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was studied in Dunning prostatic cancer models using competitive binding assays and solution hybridization assay. EGF-R-binding capacity and mRNA were demonstrated in a hormone-sensitive R3327 prostatic tumor from both control and castrated animals while no such activity was found in the hormone-independent AT-1 tumors. Castration induced no quantitative changes in the EGF-R. Estrogen treatment induced a significant reduction of the binding capacity of EGF-R and its mRNA. It was concluded that EGF-R is present in the androgen-sensitive Dunning prostatic tumor models (R3327), but that the androgen-insensitive, undifferentiated AT-1 tumor lacks EGF-R expression. Endocrine treatment has no significant effect on the EGF-R in these tumor models.
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PMID:Epidermal growth factor receptor content in rat prostatic adenocarcinoma: effects of endocrine treatment. 767 34

At the Second Tokyo National Hospital, treatment of patients with prostatic cancer was carried out under the same protocol over 12 years. The mean age of the patients was 73.6 years, and 50% of them fell into the Stage D category. As the initial treatment, hormonal therapy consisting primarily of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-P) was given to 93.8% of the patients, and the effectiveness of the initial treatment was observed in 87.4% of them. The pre-treatment tumor marker value was high in 65.6% of the patients, and reverted to within normal limits after treatment in 51.3% of them. Relapse was observed in 15.0% of the patients. Side effects of hormonal therapy were observed in 20.7% of the patients, and the side effects resulted in death in 1.3% of them. Throughout the duration of the study, 34.4% of the patients resulted in death; 18.8% of these deaths related to cancer and 13.1% of them to other causes. The 5-year survival rate of all patients was 68.1%, and the 10-year survival rate was 52.7%. DES-P which is the primary drug in the protocol employed at our institution was well tolerated in the patients with minimal side effects when given appropriately and was believed to be an extremely effective drug in the treatment of prostatic cancer in Japan.
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PMID:[The usefulness of hormonal therapy in the treatment of prostatic cancer--clinical analysis of 160 cases over 12 years in the single institute]. 793 60

The catabolism of lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), remains unclear. Very recently we observed that estrogen, a hormone known to increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity, reduced serum Lp(a) levels in a man with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) (JAMA 267: 2328, 1992). In the present study, we attempted to further evaluate this Lp(a)-lowering action of estrogen in men without FH. Seven men, aged 61-84 yr, treated with estrogen for prostatic cancer were the subjects and seven men who underwent surgical treatment without estrogen therapy served as controls. Fasting blood was collected before and 1-3 months after estrogen therapy, and serum Lp(a) levels and lipoprotein profiles were determined. Estrogen treatment caused significant changes in serum lipoproteins, i.e., decreases in LDL-cholesterol, and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Serum triglyceride levels tended to increase. Serum apo A-1 underwent a two-fold increase, while apo B did not change. Serum Lp(a) levels ranged from 8 to 62 mg/dl. After estrogen treatment serum Lp(a) was reduced markedly, with a mean reduction of 81% (71-95%). Serum lipids, lipoproteins and Lp(a) did not change significantly in the controls. The results demonstrated a regulating effect of estrogen on serum Lp(a) levels, and the findings further suggested that Lp(a) is removed via LDL receptors. However, previous studies have shown that maneuvers causing a decrease in LDL-cholesterol do not always cause a reduction in serum Lp(a). Thus, our findings suggested the possible presence of a receptor which is estrogen-inducible and different from the LDL receptor.
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PMID:Reduction of serum lipoprotein (a) by estrogen in men with prostatic cancer. 795 16

In order to establish a more effective and safer therapy for androgen-dependent prostate cancer, to be used in addition to hormonal therapy, the anti-tumor effects of intralesionally administered macrophages activated with recombinant interferon-gamma (INF-gamma), alone or in combination with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) were studied in mouse prostate cancer models. Firstly, in terms of cellular adoptive immunotherapy, phagocytosis against Latex bead and cytotoxicity against Shionogi 115 cancer cell line (SC115) of macrophages activated with INF-gamma for 24 hour were investigated. One ml of 0.25% glycogen solution was intraperitoneally administered to male DS mice. Three days later, fluid was aspirated from the abdominal cavity and macrophages were separated for use in this experiment. Phagocytosis INF-gamma-dose-dependently increased and macrophages activated with 100 U/ml INF-gamma phagocytosed 78.3 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SD) Latex bead. Cytotoxicity (modified MTT assay) of SC 115 by macrophages activated with 100 U/ml INF-gamma increased remarkably in comparison with non-activated macrophages and there was a significant increase in the effector-to-target-cell ratio to 40 in the activated group 77 +/- 4.3% (mean +/- SD) relative to 50 +/- 6.3% (mean +/- SD) in the non-activated group. Based on these in vitro findings, hormonal therapy and adoptive local immunotherapy, alone or together, were studied in mouse prostate cancer models. The prostate cancer model was prepared through the subcutaneous transplantation of SC115 in male DS mice and the treatments were initiated after tumors were palpable. The therapy protocols were as follows: Group I control and Group II received 20 mg/kg/day diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-P) subcutaneously for 10 days, Group III received DES-P in combination with ten thousand units of IL-2 administered five times intralesionally, Group IV received DES-P in combination with 2 x 10(6) macrophages activated with 100 U/ml INF-gamma administered three times intralesionally, Group V received DES-P and IL-2 in combination with activated macrophages. The therapeutic efficiencies were evaluated by calculating the tumor volume and survival time. The results of the tumor volume on the 40th day post tumor transplantation were as follows (mean +/- SD): Group I 7,049 +/- 1,477 mm3, Group II 4,495 +/- 654 mm3, Group III 2,050 +/- 724 mm3, Group IV 2,782 +/- 970 mm3, Group V 1,555 +/- 514 mm3. The therapeutic groups showed significant tumor reduction relative to the control. Furthermore, intralesionally IL-2, the activated macrophages injected groups, alone or together, were more effective relative to the group receiving only DES-P.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental study of the effects of hormonal therapy and intralesional injections of interleukin 2, activated macrophages on mouse prostate cancer models]. 808 32

A 62-year-old man having prostate cancer presenting with hemolytic jaundice is reported. The hemolytic jaundice was cured by diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-P) treatment, but the patient died one year and two months later from relapse of prostate cancer. An autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of prostate cancer with multiple metastases. Sudden anemia caused by bone metastasis might have caused the hemolytic jaundice. DES-P cured bone metastasis and then improved anemia when associated with transfusion. Consequently, hemolytic jaundice was cured.
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PMID:A case of extremely advanced prostate cancer presenting hemolytic jaundice. 817 48

A new radioimmunoassay for determining diethylstilbestrol in serum using N-(4'-OH-[3'-125I]iodophenethyl)-6-(4-O-diethylstilbestryl)-hex anamide as a radiotracer and a double antibody as a separation reagent is described. The radiotracer is prepared by synthesizing 6-(4-O-diethylstilbestryl)-hexanoic acid and coupling its succinimidyl ester with mono-[125I]tyramine in tetrahydrofuran (16 h, 20-22 degrees C). The standard curve is linear (semi-log transformation) and the assay is sensitive (< 0.022 pmol/tube), reproducible (intra- and interassay coefficient of variation values, 5.3 and 8.1%, respectively), and accurate (recovery values, 95-101%), with a non-specific binding less than 3.2%. Diethylstilbestrol concentrations measured in sera of nine patients with prostatic cancer by the proposed assay ranged from 0.170 to 2.517 mumol/l, which corresponded to an only three-fold dosage variation. In all cases tested, dosing was adequate to retain markers of prostatic cancer in serum within accepted limits; nevertheless, individualization of dosing may be necessary to minimize toxicity.
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PMID:A 125I-radioimmunoassay for diethylstilbestrol in serum of patients with prostatic cancer treated with stilphostrol. 822 76

A case of paraparesis due to thoracic vertebula metastasis of prostate cancer is reported. Treatment through a high dose of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-P) was very effective. Two and a half years later, the patient is ambulatory and relapse has not occurred. We recommend the use of a high dose of DES-P for spinal cord compression due to prostate cancer, instead of laminectomy or radiation.
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PMID:Paraparesis due to metastatic prostatic cancer effectively treated with a high dose of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate: a case report. 826 76

Sequential estrogen and radiation therapy was introduced to improve treatment result for stage C of the prostate cancer. Staging operation was performed in order to exclude stage D1 cases at the beginning of the treatment. Twenty of 34 stage C cases have been treated by sequential estrogen and radiation in our hospital between 1980 and 1989 and half of them had actually been done staging operation. An average age was 69.3. Tumor differentiations were distributed to well in 5 cases, moderately in 5 and poorly in 9. The other unknown differentiation case was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. Previously administered estrogens were DES-DP in 15 cases and others in 5. Total doses of 70 Gy in 35 fractions were sequentially delivered to the prostate, involving if necessary the seminal vesicles over a seven-week period by bilateral 120 degrees pendel using linear accelerator. Radiation field was sized from 6 x 6 to 8 x 8 cm. Estrogens have been continuously administered following radiation in 11 cases. Therapeutic effects upon the prostate were evaluated by digital rectal palpation. Improvement rate and atrophy rate of the primary lesion were 94.4% and 50% respectively. Recurrences were observed in 4 cases and 3 of them recurred within 3 years after initiation of the treatment. Recurred sites were in primary lesion in 2 cases and in bone in two. Five year non-recurrence rate was 81% by Kaplan Meier's method. One of 3 who discontinued hormone administration during or immediately after radiotherapy had local recurrence after 65 months and the other 2 cases died of gastric cancer and unknown cause, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Sequential estrogen and radiation therapy for stage C prostate cancer]. 851 32


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