Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan, with their total population of more than 1,500 million, make up the subcontinent of South Asia. Despite massive diversity across the region, there are sufficient similarities to warrant a collective approach to chronic disease control, including development of cancer control programs. Cancer is already a major problem and there are general similarities in the prevalence patterns. In males, oral and lung cancer are either number one or two, depending on the registry, with the exceptions of Quetta in the far north, Larkana and Chennai. Moderately high numbers of pharyngeal and/or laryngeal cancer are also consistently observed, with prostate cancer now becoming visible in the more developed cities. Breast and cervical cancer share first and second place except in Muslim Pakistan, where oral cancer generally follows breast. The ovary is often included in the five most prevalent types. Markedly increasing rates for breast cancer and distribution shifts in other cancers suggest that, despite improvement in cervical and oral rates, the overall burden will only become heavier over time, especially with increasing obesity and aging of what are still youthful populations. Coordination of activities within South Asia is a high priority for cancer control in the region.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010
PMID:Cancer epidemiology in South Asia - past, present and future. 2055 68

High levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I are reported to be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. On the other hand, the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) may decrease the risk. We therefore investigated the influence of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 on prostate cancer risk in a case-control study nested within a large-scale cohort in Japan (the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study). Information on lifestyle and sera of the subjects were collected in 1988-90. Serum IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 were measured in sera stored at -80 degrees C by immuno-radiometric assay. In 13,508 male subjects of the cohort who donated sera, 40 cases and 120 controls (1:3 matched with age and survey area) were identified. Ages of the cases ranged from 59 to 79 years, with a mean of 69.8. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the highest and middle tertiles compared with the lowest in controls using a conditional logistic model. Non-adjusted ORs for the highest tertiles were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.34-2.91) for IGF-I (trend-P = 0.60), 1.91 (95% CI, 0.68-5.38) for IGFBP-3 (trend-P = 0.23), 1.73 (95% CI, 0.69-3.47) for IGF-II (trend-P = 0.23), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.26-1.76) for the IGF-I/IGBP-3 ratio (trend-P = 0.83). Serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, or IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio were thus not thought to be associated with risk of prostate cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009 Dec
PMID:Prostate cancer risk in relation to insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3: A nested case-control study in large scale cohort study in Japan. 2055 83

Research has shown that the experience of being diagnosed with cancer has a negative psychosocial impact on patients and their families, often resulting in distress, and numerous practical and relationship challenges. Men with prostate cancer and their partners face special challenges. A range of symptoms that result from monitoring patients and side effects of treatment may reverse the quality of life and intimate relations between patient and partner. However, patients often are reluctant to bring up their distress about the symptoms, leading to an underestimation and reduction in optimal symptom control. As a result of their illness, chronically-ill male patients often experience elevated levels of stress, daily activities are often limited, they are frustrated about the unpredictable course of the illness and its symptoms, and are immersed in fears about their present and future social identity. Most of them avoid disclosure about their illness--when and where possible--and place great importance on sustaining a normal life. Factors related to limiting disclosure include men's low perceived need for support, fear of stigmatization, the need to minimize the threat of illness to aid coping, practical necessities in the workplace, and the desire to avoid burdening others. This paper contributes to an understanding of the complex issues of disclosure related to prostate cancer patients and raises issues about how best to be helpful, within their cultural and social framework. It also deals with feelings of shame, guilt and inadequacy as the cause--or consequence--of concealing the illness. The oral presentation will use a clinical example of secrecy and the subsequent conflicts and quandaries of a religious person diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer. Dilemmas of shame, disclosure and guilt will be the focus of the discussion.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010
PMID:My illness, myself: on the secrecy of shame. 2059 Mar 51

Prostate cancer is one of the first five leading site of cancers in Delhi. The incidence rate is higher in North India compared to South India and it is rapidly increasing. A population based case-control study on prostate cases was therefore carried out in Delhi to identify potential risk factors. Cases were each matched with two controls. Past smoking and current alcohol consumption significantly increased the risk of prostate cancer. No statistically significant association was found with family history of cancer or prostate cancer. The risk of prostate cancer declined with increasing dietary consumption of tea, citrus fruits and melon. A statistically significant marginal increase in the odds ratio was observed with the consumption of eggs, fish and sunflower oil. Though an increased risk of prostate cancer was evident among vasectomised men, the association was not statistically significant.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010
PMID:A case control study on prostate cancer in Delhi. 2084 23

Prostate cancer is a form of malignancy that is most likely to develop in older males, but because of the propensity to metastasize to parts of the body, particularly the bones, can have a deleterious impact on quality of life. Recently monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been shown to play important role in prostate cancer progression and metastasi. In this study we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying its functional roles. In vitro transwell invasion assays with PC-3M prostate cancer cells demonstrated MCP-1 promotion of invasion, while annexin V-FITC and TUNEL confirmed inhibition of apoptosis. Treatment MCP-1 further led to significant upregulation of VEGF and MMP-9 and downregulation of Caspase-3 at both mRNA and protein levels compared with untreated control (P < 0.05), while siRNA mediated knockdown reversed these changes. Taken together, our results indicate important roles of MCP-1 in prostate cancer progression and metastasis and our finding of regulation of VEGF, MMP-9 and Caspase-3 expression open up new possibilities for targeted therapy.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011
PMID:Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 modulates invasion and apoptosis of PC-3M prostate cancer cells via regulating expression of VEGF, MMP9 and caspase-3. 2154 29

The increase in the incidence rate of prostate cancer may be associated with changes in lifestyle in Japanese men. Accordingly, we conducted a case-control study to assess risk factors. A total of 117 (82.3%) of the 142 prostate cancer patients asked filled out the self-administrated questionnaires which included items about their lifestyle habits over the period of one or two years before their diagnosis. Four controls per case, namely 468, were randomly selected from resident registries with age and address matched with each case, and 318 controls (69.5%) filled out the same questionnaire as the cases. Data for 277 controls were used for the analysis, excluding 41 subjects with a history of previous cancer. The conditional logistic regression model was utilized for analyzing the individually age and address-matched data, and odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated for potential risk factors. Higher body mass index at 20 years of age was marginally significantly associated with a decreased risk (P for trend=0.051), and larger weight gain in adult age was significantly associated with an increased risk (P for trend=0.041). History of prostate cancer in fathers or brothers was significantly associated with an increased risk (OR=9.71, 95%CI 3.59, 26.27), and history of breast cancer in mothers or sisters was also significantly associated with an increased risk (OR=2.70, 95%CI 1.12, 6.49). The recent increase in the incidence rate of prostate cancer may possibly be brought about by an increased proportion of Japanese men with large weight gain in adult age.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011
PMID:Weight gain and family history of prostate or breast cancers as risk factors for prostate cancer: results of a case-control study in Japan. 2162 76

Because recovery of erectile function and avoidance of positive surgical margins are important but competing outcomes with prostate cancer therapy, the decision to preserve or resect a neurovascular bundle (NVB) during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) should be firmly based on information concerning the presence and location of extracapsular extension. In the current retrospective study, the propriety of actual decisions was assessed using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), combining T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), numbers of positive biopsy cores, tumor volume and the Gleason score. MRI before prostate biopsy was performed in 35 patients who underwent LRP for clinically localized prostate cancer. A single radiologist retrospectively assessed whether the tumor localization, capsular penetration, seminal vesicle invasion, NVB involvement, and MRI findings correlated with the postoperative histological results. With the postoperative specimens, 83 lesions demonstrated a Gleason score of 6 or more. Using T2WI with and without DWI and ADC, 39 and 27 of 54 lesions were correctly identified, respectively, the difference being significant. For cancers in the transitional zone, using a threshold Gleason score of 3 or greater, sensitivity was also significantly higher for T2+DWI+ADC than for T2WI alone. Of 35 patients, using all available clinical information (biopsy results including Gleason score, tumor location, percentage of positive biopsy cores, and the percentage of tumor-involved core tissue), we found that the preoperative and postoperative staging were concordant in 25 cases. There is no universal consensus for nerve-sparing LRP; therefore, we performed an additional analysis using simplified clinically defined selection criteria (PSA level >15ng/mL, cT2, less than two positive biopsy scores in the unilateral lobe and less than 30% tumor volume, and a Gleason score of 6). Using this criteria, we selected 12 of 35 patients, and the detection rate of NVB involvement by MRI combined T2WI + DWI + ADC maps was 100% in their 30 lesions, and therefore we consider it safe to perform nerve-sparing LRP using our criteria. Our findings suggest that NVB can be safely preserved in patients with low-grade tumors using simplified clinically defined selection criteria to determine margin involvement.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011
PMID:Preoperative prediction of neurovascular bundle involvement of localized prostate cancer by combined T2 and diffusion-weighted imaging of magnetic resonance imaging, number of positive biopsy cores, and Gleason score. 2179 Feb 24

The study was aimed at evaluating apoptosis induction potentials of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn. rhizome. The ability of the extracts to induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-435S (human breast carcinoma), Hep3B (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and PC-3 (human prostate cancer) cell lines were tested by ELISA to detect cellular DNA fragmentation. Results obtained from the present study confirm that the extracts target the cancerous cells towards apoptosis. The study concludes that R. emodi possess anticancer metabolites that can be isolated and used as precursors in development of anticancer drugs. Suppression of apoptosis might contribute to tumor development by means of accumulation of continuously proliferating cells. The strategy employed in this study, to induce apoptosis in the tumor cells, could be a potential target of therapeutic intervention of cancers.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011
PMID:Apoptosis induction in MDA-MB-435S, Hep3B and PC-3 cell lines by Rheum emodi rhizome extracts. 2187 66

To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Jamaican male medical consultants regarding prostate cancer screening in three departments within the University Hospital of the West Indies. The research design was a cross-sectional quantitative survey utilising a self administered questionnaire. All 36 male consultants between 40 and 70 years from the Departments of Surgery Radiology Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Child Health, and Medicine participated in the survey. Bivariate analyses were used to determine the relationship between the three constructs with P < 0.05 taken as statistically significant. The majority (97%) of the respondents were aware that prostate cancer among Jamaicans account for one of the highest incidences in the world and 85% believed that screening for prostate cancer should begin at age 40 years. Approximately two-fifths (44.4%) reported that they usually encourage their patients to be screened. Nearly all (97%) of the respondents agreed that performing both the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE) are more effective in assessing for the presence of prostate cancer. Just over one-third (36%) found the DRE embarrassing and 41% had never had a DRE. The results showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.374, P = 0.032) between knowledge and attitude, and an even stronger correlation between attitude and prostate cancer screening practice (r = 0.395, P = 0.025). However there was no direct correlation between knowledge and practice. Physicians' knowledge of prostate cancer does not predict their personal prostate cancer screening behaviour. Knowledge of prostate cancer is not enough to result in screening behavior of men in Jamaica.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011
PMID:Factors affecting prostate cancer screening behaviour in a discrete population of doctors at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica. 2187 67

Despite a survival benefit in the first-line treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with docetaxel, the prognosis remains limited. There are increasing options available for patients with CRPC in the second-line setting, but there is currently little consensus regarding the optimal treatment. There have been numerous phase II and retrospective studies examining second-line options in CRPC, including retreatment with docetaxel, mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide and carboplatin, which can be associated with meaningful responses in a significant minority of patients. In 2010 three randomized trials were published or presented which demonstrated a survival benefit in the second-line setting. These included cabazitaxel compared with mitoxantrone, sipuleucel-T (immunotherapy) and abiraterone acetate versus placebo. Ongoing research in the second-line setting of CRPC to optimize treatment options, with the objectives of survival prolongation, improvement in quality of life and pain management, is still needed.
Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2011 Sep
PMID:Second-line therapy for castrate-resistant prostate cancer: a literature review. 2188 33


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