Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis of urinary hydroxyproline levels offers a marker to monitor osseous involvement in patients with metastatic malignancies. Such a marker is needed in patients with prostatic cancer when bone metastases predominate. Thirty-two men with stage D2 prostatic cancer were monitored by bone scan, acid and alkaline phosphatase values, and urinary hydroxyproline, beginning from 4 to 36 months after initiation of hormonal manipulation and/or systemic chemotherapy. In patients with disease progression determined by bone scan serial urinary hydroxyproline values progressively increased and were significantly elevated compared to urinary values obtained from patients with a stable or improving scan (p less than 0.001). Simultaneous alkaline phosphatase determinations showed less significant differences between patient groups. Acid phosphatase did not reliably indicate osseous response to therapy. These data suggest that urinary hydroxyproline values are predictive as an early objective sign of osseous response in patients receiving therapy for stage D2 prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Serial spot hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios in metastatic prostatic cancer. 683 97

Three new assay methods for prostatic acid phosphatase are described relative to results of biochemical methods. Methods for total and isozymes of alkaline phosphatase are also described. Results of a field trial for acid phosphatase tests among multiple institutions in the United States revealed a marked increase in sensitivity for one assay (CIEP) over biochemical methods. which was positive with increasing frequency as the clinical and surgical stage advanced beyond B. Only for stage D did the biochemical method approach the sensitivity of the CIEP assay. The CIEP assay has potential value as a screen for prostate cancer. Another acid phosphatase assay (RIA) proved difficult to perform for many institutions in the field trial. A new solid phase immunofluorescent assay recently introduced may on further testing be more sensitive than the CIEP assay. Total alkaline phosphatase levels studied in patients with advanced disease were markedly elevated in over one-third of the cases. Higher levels were associated with poor survival or response to chemotherapy. Alkaline phosphatase isozyme levels were of added value in locating the site of the increased alkaline phosphatase activity in soft tissue, bone, or liver. Occasionally in the face of a normal total value, increased isozyme activity in one of the aforementioned compartments preceded clinical ability to detect the metastatic foci.
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PMID:Modern concepts of acid and alkaline phosphatase measurement. 693 38

Assays for serum placenta-like (Regan) isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase were done on 157 samples from 96 patients with prostatic cancer entered into various National Prostatic Cancer Project protocols. Elevated placenta-like isoenzyme levels were found in 19 patients (20 per cent). Increased isoenzyme activity was seen in some patients with early clinical stages of the disease (B1 and B2), as well as in those with advanced disease. As in other reports results were not consistent in any individual patient. No correlations could be made between elevated isoenzyme activity and either stage of the disease or response to therapy. The placenta-like isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase appears to be a nonspecific oncodevelopmental marker that is not helpful alone as a diagnostic indicator but that may be promising as part of a profile of markers for a patient with prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Placenta-like isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in prostatic cancer. 706 17

In 25 patients with prostatic cancer and 26 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, urinary hydroxyproline excretion as estimated by the method described by Cleary and Saunders. The patients were kept on a diet free of gelatin. Urinary creatinine was measured in all patients and serum acid phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and calcium were measured in patients with prostatic cancer. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion and the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio were both elevated in patients who had prostate cancer with bone metastasis when compared to values in patients who had benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostatic cancer without bone metastasis. These two were more sensitive indicators of bone metastasis than serum acid phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and calcium. These results suggest that urinary hydroxyproline is a valuable index of bone metastasis in prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Urinary hydroxyproline excretion as a marker of bone metastasis in prostatic cancer. 712 46

Twenty-three patients with advanced prostate cancer who had failed previous hormone therapy were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate on a 3-week course. Of the 22 evaluable patients, over one-half had poor performance status, increased acid and alkaline phosphatase levels, and pain. Parameters which improved in greater than 50% of cases included acid and alkaline phosphatase levels, pain, performance status, and measurable lesions (lung and soft tissue). Initial parameters associated with a significantly decreased survival were age greater than 66 years, increased pain, poor performance status, and increasing alkaline phosphatase. Prior radiation therapy was associated with increased drug toxicity, lower doses of chemotherapy, and decreased survival (not significant). There was a significant relationship between the degree of improvement of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, pain, and performance status to increased survival. Three categories of response were defined based on these parameters. The mean survival of seven patients with partial response (106 weeks) is significantly longer than that of seven with measurable response (57 weeks) and eight with no response (26 weeks). Four patients had severe leukopenia and one died of sepsis. These results compare favorably with previous reports of chemotherapy treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced prostate cancer with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate. 712 21

Repeated determinations of the elevated serum acid phosphatase activities in five patients with advanced prostatic cancer were found to be highly variable during 24 to 48 hours of observation. Samples collected every three hours had fluctuations of 44% to 97% around the 24- to 48-hour mean values. These fluctuations appeared to be random, had no apparent circadian rhythm, and were unrelated to concurrent medications or activity. These spontaneous variations indicate the need for caution when using serial serum acid phosphatase determinations as an indicator of the response of prostate cancer to therapy. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activities did not show these extreme fluctuations.
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PMID:Unpredictable fluctuations in serum acid phosphatase activity in prostatic cancer. 723 Apr 88

The tumor burden of 98 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer was compared longitudinally with the activities of bone (BAP) and liver isoenzymes (LAP) of alkaline phosphatase, total acid phosphatase (AcP), and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP). A quantitative association between these enzyme markers and the tumor mass was suggested by comparing the enzymes with 1) both the treatment response and the estimation of metastasis by radionuclide bone scanning; 2) metastasis based upon radiographic evidence. In addition, an apparent extensive pretreatment bone tumor load was predictive for an elevated BAP activity, which was also a suggestive poor prognosis as previously reported. An elevation of PAP, in contrast to AcP, may precede the clinical disease progression in some patients. Data presented in this report have indicated that the levels of these enzymes compared well with the extent of tumor involvement and therefore may be considered suitable as adjuvant and even quantitative biochemical markers of bone and liver metastasis.
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PMID:The use of serum isoenzymes of alkaline and acid phosphatase as possible quantitative markers of tumor load in prostate cancer. 730 55

Persistent hypercalcemia is most often due to tumor. Other causes are best eliminated by clinical methods combined with simple tests. Hypocalcemia is most often a result of hypoalbuminemia. Hyperphosphatemia induced by phosphate infusion or enema may cause profound hypocalcemia. Biochemical profiling may uncover severe hypophosphatemia necessitating phosphate administration. Markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in the absence of hepatic disease is most likely to reflect either Paget's disease of bone or metastatic prostate cancer.
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PMID:Calcium and phosphorus studies: interpretation of results and strategies for further testing. 739 85

Serum samples were examined for the placental-like "Regan" isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in two groups of patients with advanced cancer of the prostate from clinical trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project. In the first group, 98 samples from 76 patients over three consecutive months revealed elevated isoenzyme activity in 14 (18%) of the patients, a frequency similar to those reported for some other tumor types. Four of these patients whose serum demonstrated the "Regan" isoenzyme had samples taken more than once, and their sera had negative readings when taken a month or more before or after the sample that was positive for the isoenzyme. Comparisons of general disease and patient characteristics for patients whose sera were positive or negative for Regan isoenzyme revealed no demonstrable relationships. The second group consists of 72 samples received from 52 study patients with metastatic lesions under treatment from August 1, 1979 to November 16, 1979. Fifteen patients had sufficient serial values. In this study to date, the relationship with clinical response to treatment is inconclusive, although elevated levels of the isoenzyme appear to occur in patients with metastatic disease with bony lesions that are clinically in progression, as well as in those apparently responding to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Carcinoplacental isoenzyme (Regan) in carcinoma of the prostate. National Prostatic Cancer Project. 745 2

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for cytokeratins are potent probes for the identification of disseminated individual epithelial tumour cells in mesenchymal organs such as bone marrow. We have used a monoclonal antibody (mAB) against cytokeratin 18 (CK18) for the detection of individual metastatic tumour cells in bone marrow aspirates from 84 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. CK18+ cells were detected in a sensitivity of 1 per 8 x 10(5) marrow cells using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) system for staining. We were able to detect CK18+ tumour cells in the marrow of 33% of patients with stage N0M0 prostate cancers. The incidence of CK18+ cells showed a significant correlation with established risk factors, such as local tumour extent, distant metastases and tumour differentiation. For further characterization of such cells in patients with prostate cancer, we developed an immunocytochemical procedure for simultaneous labelling of cytokeratin component no. 18 (CK18) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In a first step, cells were incubated with a murine mAb against PSA, followed by gold-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibodies. In a second step, a biotinylated mAb to CK18 was applied as primary antibody and subsequently incubated with complexes of streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase, which were developed with Newfuchsin substrate. The binding of gold-labelled antibodies was visualized by silver enhancement. CK18+ cells co-expressing PSA were found in bone marrow aspirates from 5 out of 14 patients with carcinomas of the prostate. The specificity of CK18 for epithelial tumour cells in bone marrow was supported by negative staining of 12 control aspirates from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunocytochemical detection and phenotypic characterization of micrometastatic tumour cells in bone marrow of patients with prostate cancer. 752 Oct 88


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