Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum osteocalcin (OC) is derived largely from new cellular synthesis. It is a marker for bone formation and a noninvasive specific marker of osteoblastic activity. The clinical significance of OC in monitoring prostatic cancer bone metastases was evaluated. Pretreatment serum OC levels were determined with a radioimmunoassay kit in a total of 63 patients with prostate cancer (8 with stage B, 12 with stage C, 12 with stage D1, and 31 with metastatic bone disease). The OC levels in patients with skeletal metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients without bony lesions (P less than 0.01). The pattern of the initial changes in OC levels were analyzed in patients with skeletal metastasis who received endocrine treatment. The pretreatment OC value is of little use in predicting the response to treatment. The patients whose OC level initially increased and remained high tended to have a shorter interval to disease progression. On the other hand, the pattern of initial changes in OC varied according to the regimen of endocrine treatment. Our study suggests that OC seem to reflect the response to treatment and might lead to the improvement in follow-up procedures. However, the clinical significance of OC as a marker of the response of bone metastasis should be carefully discussed with regard to the direct hormonal effect on bone metabolism.
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PMID:Osteocalcin: is it a useful marker of bone metastasis and response to treatment in advanced prostate cancer? 137 80

Osteocalcin, a K-dependent vitamin protein, was studied in a group of advanced prostatic carcinoma patients to test the usefulness of this marker for diagnosing bone metastases. Osteocalcin levels were above the norm in 22 out of 27 patients with bone metastases, although high levels were not observed in patients without bone metastases. High sensitivity and specificity levels of serum osteocalcin appear to be strongly correlated to metastatic bone involvement and disease relapse after hormone treatment. Although these results must be confirmed on a larger series of patients, this protein appears to be a useful biological marker in prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Serum osteocalcin in monitoring bone metastases in advanced prostatic cancer. 138 26

Of 102 patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma, complete data on the serum concentration of 7 tumour markers were available from 90 patients, together with tumour grade, local stage and the presence or absence of skeletal metastases. The serum content of prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen, neopterin, thymidine kinase, osteocalcin, C-reactive protein and tissue polypeptide antigen was measured. By means of Cox's regression and multivariate analysis the ability of these variables to predict prognosis, i.e. death from prostatic cancer, was studied. Neopterin appeared to be the most efficient marker, followed by tumour grade, thymidine kinase and prostate specific antigen. No other variable provided information of statistical significance. In multivariate analysis thymidine kinase performed best, followed by neopterin, tumour grade and prostate specific antigen. Several serum tumour markers reflect the biological activity of human prostate cancers and their value should be further explored. They may become useful in the management of individual patients.
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PMID:Tumour markers as prognostic aids in prostatic carcinoma. 169 4

The clinical significance of osteocalcin as a marker for advanced prostate cancer was examined. Osteocalcin is produced by osteoblasts and is also detected in the blood. Its change is a good index of osteometabolic diseases and especially of the osteoblastic activity. In the present study, we examined the serum osteocalcin concentration of those patients with urogenital tumor, especially prostate cancer, who had been confirmed for multiple bone-metastasis by clinical examination. These patients comprised an untreated group (15 cases) of patients with prostate cancer presenting confirmed bone-metastasis, and a group of patients without bone-metastasis. The respective serum osteocalcin concentrations of these two groups were compared with 51 cases of prostate hypertrophy used as the control group. The findings revealed that the serum osteocalcin concentration demonstrated high values in the first group with a tendency toward lowering during treatment. Neither the latter group nor the control group showed high values. On the other hand, false-positive cases (8%), and false-negative cases (20%) were found. In the case of bone-metastasis, these results suggest that measurement of serum osteocalcin concentration is useful for clinical periodical observation about the activity of the bone metastatic focus.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on serum osteocalcin in advanced prostate cancer patients]. 172 Feb 75

Circulating osteocalcin (OC) and cortisol levels were measured in blood samples from 93 patients with dissaminated prostate cancer. Among these subjects 79 had not responded to therapy, while 14 had responded to a variety of anticancer treatment strategies (orchiectomy, cyproterone acetate (CPA), flutamide, Buserelin, diethylstilbestrol (DES), Estracyt, and polyestradiol phosphate). The control group consisted of 19 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. In the majority of these patients blood adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), estradiol human growth hormone (hGH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were also assessed. In nonresponders to therapy with DES and Estracyt subnormal circulating OC levels were measured, while normal OC values were found in nonresponders to other treatment strategies. In patient given Estracyt highly elevated estradiol levels were recorded. Subnormal and/or low-normal estradiol concentrations were found in patients subjected to CPA and DES. Elevated blood cortisol levels were assessed in subjects treated with DES and Estracyt while at the same time either subnormal and low-normal plasma ACTH concentrations were measured in these same patients. Accordingly, the decline observed in OC concentration seems to be a consequence of the well-established inhibitory effect of glucorticoids on osteoblast activity. The decline in blood cortisol levels obtained after administration of dexamethasone in patients given DES and Estracyt may be attributed both to possible changes in catabolic pathways and to the contribution of the negative neuroendocrinological feedback.
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PMID:Plasma osteocalcin values and related hormonal parameters in patients subjected to a variety of prostate anticancer agents. 185 47

Twenty five hormone manipulated patients with prostate cancer and metastatic bone disease, treated at least 6/12 previously by hormone manipulation, were given intravenous infusions of Disodium Pamidronate (APD) over a 6 month period. Patients received 30 mg weekly for 4 weeks then twice monthly for 5 months. No other treatment was administered during study. Eleven of 17 patients with pain at the start of the study were pain free at the end. Fasting morning calcium excretion and serum osteocalcin fell significantly with Pamidronate (P less than 0.0001) and urine hydroxyproline was lowered in 13/20 evaluable patients at 6 months. Alkaline phosphatase fell in a proportion of patients and five of 17 patients with previously progressive bone scans stabilised (4) or regressed (1) on treatment. Rising acid phosphatase levels were also lowered in five patients. It is concluded that Pamidronate may be effective in palliating bone pain in some patients and has a stabilising influence on abnormally high bone turnover in metastatic prostate cancer. Further controlled studies of the compound are now warranted.
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PMID:Osteoclast inhibition by pamidronate in metastatic prostate cancer: a preliminary study. 200 84

Serum concentrations of prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen, neopterin, osteocalcin, tissue polypeptide antigen, and CA-50 were measured before onset of treatment in 86 patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma. In an attempt to identify patients with a poor prognosis, the data were related to patient survival after 3 years. When the standard reference values, which are based on studies on healthy subjects, were used in the study on the deceased, the diagnostic sensitivity was acceptable, whereas the diagnostic specificity was low. A better relation to prognosis was obtained if higher discrimination values were employed. The increased specificity could be obtained with little loss of sensitivity. It is suggested that the discrimination value should be chosen after careful consideration of the expected performance of the test in differentiating between defined groups of patients. To indicate short-term prognosis in prostatic cancer, a higher than normally recommended discrimination value for the marker should be selected.
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PMID:Tumor markers in human prostatic carcinoma. An optimation of reference values. 218 Jul 21

Secondary hyperparathyroidism can develop as a result of bone metastases from prostatic cancer, but this has not been studied from the multiple aspects of biochemistry, hormonal status and histomorphometry. In 20 patients with stage-D prostatic cancer, a transiliac bone biopsy was performed for histomorphometric study. In all of them, molecular parathormone (PTH-M) and osteocalcin were determined by radioimmunoassay together with other parameters considered to be biological markers of bone remodelling. Of these 20 patients, only 2 (10%) had elevated PTH-M (240 +/- 20.6 pmol/l), differing significantly from the other 18 (58.6 +/- 11.7 pmol/l) and from controls (60.4 +/- 7.2 pmol/l). In the high PTH-M patients, corrected calcium was low (7.8 +/- 0.4 mg/dl) as compared to normal PTH-M patients (9.2 +/- 0.5 mg/dl, p less than 0.001), and this was also the case for serum phosphorus (2.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.3 and 3.4 +/- 0.4 mg/dl, respectively p less than 0.001). Alkaline phosphatase was raised in the patient groups as compared to controls (p less than 0.001) and was higher in the high PTH-M group (362 +/- 58 vs. 224 +/- 62 U/l, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism in metastases of prostatic carcinoma: a biochemical, hormonal and histomorphometric study. 231 37

Male Copenhagen rats were inoculated with monodispersed R3327-MatLyLu prostate tumor cells via the tail vein under concomitant temporal occlusion of the inferior vena cava to develop an animal model for skeletal metastasis of prostate cancer. This procedure reproducibly resulted in metastatic tumor growth in the lumbar region of the vertebral column. Microscopically, tumor growth became visible in the fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae within 4 days after inoculation. Clinical signs of nerve function disablement (hind leg paresis and paralysis) followed within 14 days of such a procedure. Cell culture technique confirmed the presence of a viable, proliferating tumor cell population within the spinal canal of the fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae. Histologically, a clear response of osteoclastic and concomitant osteoblastic activities was observed in the lumbar spinal column. In the serum, a transient phase of hypercalcemia could be demonstrated. The development of skeletal metastases in these animals was not reflected by significant alteration in serum levels of acid phosphatase, prostatic-specific antigen, or osteocalcin. These observations support the concept of the vertebral venous plexus being involved in the dissemination of prostate tumor cells. The surgical procedures described permit experimental investigations of bone metastasis of prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Prostatic tumor (R3327) skeletal metastasis. 237 Nov 74

The efficiency of the tumor markers prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), neopterin, and osteocalcin was tested with regard to their ability to predict cancer death within 2 years plus survival beyond 2 years in a series of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. For all markers, an elevated level suggested a tumor with a worse prognosis. Moreover, the extent to which the level was increased carried additional information. The prognostic efficiency was routinely improved by selecting cutoff levels higher than the standards suggested by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit manufacturers. Seventy-four percent of the patients with elevated levels of neopterin were still alive after 2 years when 8 nmol/L was selected as the upper normal value compared to only 43% at 12 nmol/L. At a cut-off value of 3 micrograms/L for osteocalcin, 79% of the patients with elevated levels were still alive after 2 years compared with only 20% when 7 micrograms/L was selected. Such adjustments to higher cutoff levels could be made without increasing the number of "false-negatives." The efficiency of PAP to predict short-term prognosis was poor at the standard cutoff level of 1.9 microgram/L. Not until 20 micrograms/L was selected did the efficiency exceed 80%. PSA was highly sensitive but little specific at any of the cutoff levels tested with regard to ability to indicate prognosis.
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PMID:Aspects on reference values for tumor markers in human prostatic carcinoma. 246 81


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