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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1975 up to 1988, we have performed a mass screening program (MS) for prostatic diseases using transrectal ultrasonography (TRS) in the primary study. In our study, 42 cases of prostatic cancer (0.6%) was detected among 6,674 examinees. Out of 42 cases of cancer, 24 (57.1%) were diagnosed as early prostatic cancer (Stage A 1, Stage B 23). The detection rate of cancer in MS and the ratio of early stage of cancer among them were higher than those in the outpatient clinic of our department. Diagnostic accuracy of TRS, palpation and tumor markers in MS were studied respectively through our series of MS. TRS was useful for MS especially in low false negative rate. On the other hand, palpation was characteristic in low false positive rate. Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) among tumor markers was effective to detect early prostatic cancer. However, there were some problems about distinguishing early prostatic cancer from BPH, because of the high false positive rate.
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PMID:[Detection of early prostatic cancer in mass screening program]. 172 Feb 71

Sixty-seven patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate were treated by radical prostatectomy unaided by adjunctive hormonal therapy. Seven patients (10%) have been lost to follow-up, and 13 patients (19%) have died of other causes without evidence of prostate cancer. The crude or direct survival free of disease for traced patients with clinical Stage B1 nodules (11) and clinical B2 lesions (20) followed for at least fifteen years is 36 per cent and 25 per cent, respectively; the crude or direct survival free of disease for pathologic B (29) and C (12) tumors followed for fifteen years is 31 per cent and 8 per cent, respectively. The local failure incidence at fifteen years for pathologic Stage B tumors is 17 per cent and for pathologic C tumors 31 per cent. Capsular invasion alone on histologic examination did not increase the rate of local or distant failure above that noted for tumors that were entirely intracapsular. However, seminal vesicle invasion is associated with a 44 per cent local failure and 66 per cent distant failure rate. The interval between radical prostatectomy and first failure averaged sixty-nine months (median 56 months) and with hormonal therapy the interval between first failure and death averaged seventy months (median 62 months). The patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in this series represent 22 per cent of the 318 patients presenting with localized prostate cancer between 1960 and 1974. A 1.5-cm nodule was found in 5.5 per cent of the presenting population, and all but one of these patients were treated by radical prostatectomy.
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PMID:Radical prostatectomy. Patterns of local failure and survival in 67 patients. 334 67

A 1:2 matched case-control study was used to determine the risk factors of prostate cancer. Twenty-seven cases of prostate cancer were matched with an equal number of other malignant tumor cases (non-urological tumor) and other urological cases (non-malignant tumor). Both study and control groups were the same in age, sex, race, and day of admission. All of these patients were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of West China University of Medical Sciences. The questionnaire was used to survey the both groups of patients. Such data as diet, lifestyle, marital status and past history of other prostate diseases were obtained. Single factor analysis and multiple conditional logistic regression analysis were used to estimate the relative risk (RR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and P values. Statistical analysis was performed using the Egret, Epilog soft ware. The results were as follows: 1. Increasing dietary vitamin A was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of prostate cancer (RR = 0.948, 95% CI = 0.9309-0.9947, P = 0.029). This factor also showed dose response gradients. The relative risk was decreasing with exposure dose increasing. 2. The positive previous prostate history, such as prostatitis and benign prostate hyperplasia, increased the risk of prostate cancer (RR = 6.385, 95% CI = 1.046-38.97, P = 0.045). 3. Another finding in the widower, divorce and remarried men (RR = 4.312, 95% CI = 1.367-13.6, P = 0.013). And 4. There was no relationship between the risk of prostate cancer and dietary fat intake, vasectomy, socioeconomic status, familial malignant tumor history, smoking and alcohol consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Risk factors of prostate cancer--a matched case-control study]. 807 Jul 82

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among Swedish men. In order to select patients to appropriate treatment, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and guided core biopsies is commonly used. The aim of this study was to define prognostically important factors in prostate cancer and the accuracy of TRUS and core biopsies as diagnostic tools. Fifty-one patients with localized prostate cancer were prostatectomized and followed up after a mean observation time of 73 months. The adverse influence on progression by tumor volume, Gleason grade, seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node metastases was statistically significant in the univariate analyses. However, tumor volume was the only parameter with an independent prognostic impact on progression. It is important to find a diagnostic method which can accurately determine these parameters in the pretreatment work-up. Thirty-four patients with localized prostate cancer were examined with TRUS prior to radical surgery. The ultrasound examination failed to detect 24% of the tumors, and was not reliable for the determination of tumor size and capsular penetration. TRUS can not be used as the sole method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Biopsies might improve the results. Ultrasound-guided core biopsies targeting hypoechoic lesions suspicious for prostate cancer in combination with systematic biopsies sampling the whole gland were performed on 251 men. By adding the results of systematic biopsies to the results of target biopsies, additional information was obtained for the detection of cancer, on tumor volume and seminal vesicle invasion. Grading was not improved. By taking multiple TRUS-guided biopsies considerable trauma is inflicted to the patient. A 1.2-mm cutting needle is commonly used for sampling. A thinner needle may possibly cause less pain. It was shown that a 0.9-mm core biopsy needle can be used without compromising diagnostic accuracy. The results obtained with two thinner needles, 0.8- and 0.7-mm, were unsatisfactory. Complications following TRUS-guided biopsies are infections, bleeding and urinary retention. A total of 347 consecutive men were extensively biopsied. We studied the impact of patient age, final diagnosis, number of biopsies taken, and different regimes for prophylactic norfloxacin treatment. The administration of antibiotics for 3 days, when the first dose was given before the examination began, was the only parameter statistically associated with a reduced risk for complications. Multiple biopsies can be taken without an increased risk for complications if prophylactic antibiotic treatment is given.
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PMID:Transrectal ultrasound and core biopsies for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. A study of pretreatment investigation strategy for patients with suspected prostate cancer. 818 98

A 1.5 cm. tubularized neourethra was formed using an anterior bladder flap as part of bladder neck reconstruction after radical retropubic prostatectomy in 69 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (study group). Postoperative continence (defined as requiring no protection for any activity) was assessed by history at 3 months (all men) and 6 months (45 of 69 men). Continence in the study group was compared to that of 45 men with 6 months of followup who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy without tubularization of the anterior bladder (control group). At 3 months 38 of 69 men (55%) were continent in the study group and 14 of 45 (31%) were continent in the control group (p < 0.03). At 6 months 39 of 45 men (87%) were continent in the study group compared to 21 of 45 (47%) in the control group (p < 0.01). Upright cystograms performed on men with and without the tubularized neourethra after radical retropubic prostatectomy suggest that a neourethra proximal to the external sphincter may increase resistance in this area and result in early return of urinary control in men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.
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PMID:Tubularized neourethra following radical retropubic prostatectomy. 832 64

In America and many European countries, prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Among 10-30% of all the men older than 50 years of age, a silent microscopic form of prostate cancer may be harbored. This high rate is similar throughout the world. However, few epidemiologic studies of prostate cancer have implicated its risk factors. A 1:1 matched case-control study looked into risk factors of prostate cancer. A total number of 102 cases of prostate cancer and 102 controls were surveyed. The results showed that high body mass index, history of urinary diseases, coitus frequency > 3 times per week, hormone drug use, and number of children > 3 are identified as risk factors of prostate cancer statistically, but physical labor, exercise, and age of first nocturnal emission > 18 are protective factors of prostate cancer.
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PMID:[A case-control study of prostate cancer]. 938 99

We have previously shown that LHRH agonists exert a direct and specific inhibitory action on the proliferation of the androgen-independent DU 145 prostate cancer cell line; however, the cellular mechanisms mediating this antiproliferative action are not well defined. It is well known that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a crucial role in the local regulation of the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer. The present experiments were performed to evaluate whether LHRH agonists might exert their antimitogenic effect by interfering with the activity of the locally expressed IGF system. To this purpose, the effects of the LHRH agonist Zoladex (LHRH-A) on 1) the mitogenic action of IGF-I, 2) the tyrosine phosphorylation of type 1 IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), 3) the concentration of IGF-IR, and 4) the secretion of IGF-binding protein-3 were studied. The results obtained show that in DU 145 cells, LHRH-A 1) counteracts the mitogenic action of IGF-I in a dose-dependent manner, 2) prevents the IGF-I-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-IR, 3) reduces the concentration of IGF-IR without affecting its Kd value, and 4) does not affect the secretion of IGF-binding protein-3 in the conditioned medium from these cells. These data suggest that LHRH agonists may inhibit the proliferation of human androgen-independent prostate tumor cells by interfering with some of the cellular mechanisms mediating the stimulatory action of the IGF system.
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PMID:Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists interfere with the mitogenic activity of the insulin-like growth factor system in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. 988 42

Although there is renewed interest in prostate brachytherapy, little information is available on the effect of the procedure on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) changes over time. This study describes PSA kinetics after iodine-125 (I-125) transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal implantation of the prostate. From February 1991-September 1997, 207 patients were treated with an I-125 prostate implant alone for T1-T2 prostate cancer. PSA values were obtained prior to treatment and at 1-73 months (median, 24 months). The change in PSA after implantation of the prostate was measured as a fraction of the pretreatment PSA (PSA at follow-up/pretreatment PSA). PSA failure was defined as two elevations in PSA or PSA > 1 ng/ml. One hundred fifty-five patients had PSA values recorded at the 1-month time period. A PSA value greater than the pretreatment PSA at 1 month was found in 27% (42/155). This had no significant effect on future PSA failure. The median percentage change in PSA after implantation for all patients were as follows: 1 month, 0.73; 3 months, 0.30; 6 months, 0.18; 12 months, 0.12; 18 months, 0.12; 24 months, 0.08; 30 months, 0.07; 36 months, 0.08; 42 months, 0.08; and 48 months, 0.05. The most significant decline occurred in the first 12 months. This was followed by a more gradual decline between 12-24 months. There was little change in PSA values after 24 months. The 1-year PSA value had a significant effect on PSA failure. Patients with a 1-year PSA <1 ng/ml (66) had an actuarial 4-year freedom-from-failure rate of 90%, compared to a rate of 62% for those with values >1 ng/ml (69) (P = 0.002). Twenty-seven patients developed PSA failure. The time to PSA failure ranged from 12-48 months (median, 24 months), but most (20/27) failures occurred after 18 months. We conclude that the greatest decline in PSA after I-125 implantation of the prostate occurs during the first year, and little change occurs after 2 years. A 1-year PSA value > 1 ng/ml is highly predictive of eventual PSA failure, which occurs in most patients after 18 months posttreatment.
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PMID:PSA kinetics following I-125 radioactive seed implantation in the treatment of T1-T2 prostate cancer. 1003 Jun 21

The anterior decompressive procedure in which spinal fusion is performed is considered an effective treatment for thoracolumbar fractures and tumors. However, it is also known to be associated with considerable surgery-related trauma. The purpose of this study was to show that lumbar corpectomy and anterior reconstruction can be performed via a minimally invasive retroperitoneal approach (MIRA) and therefore the surgical approach-related trauma can be reduced. The authors studied retrospectively the hospital records and radiological studies obtained in five patients (mean age 67.4 years, range 59-76 years) who underwent lumbar corpectomy and spinal fusion via an MIRA followed by posterior fixation. Four patients presented with osteoporotic compression fractures at L-2 and L-3, and one patient presented with metastatic disease in L-4 from prostate cancer. Neurological deficits due to cauda equina compression were demonstrated in all patients. The MIRA provided excellent exposure to facilitate complete decompression and anterior reconstruction in all patients, as verified on follow-up radiographic studies. All patients improved clinically. A 1-year follow-up record is available for four patients and a 6-month follow-up record for the fifth patient; continuing clinical improvement has been observed in all. Radiography demonstrated anatomically correct reconstruction in all patients, as well as a solid fusion or a stable compound union in the four patients for whom 1-year follow-up records were available. The MIRA allows the surgeon to perform anterior lumbar spine surgery via a less invasive approach. The efficacy and safety of this technique and its potential to reduce perioperative morbidity compared with conventional retroperitoneal lumbar spine surgery should be further investigated in a larger series.
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PMID:Minimally invasive retroperitoneal approach for lumbar corpectomy and anterior reconstruction. Technical note. 1087 77

In a search for molecular markers of progression in prostate cancer by means of differential display, we have identified a new gene, which we have designated PTOV1. Semiquantitative RT-PCR has established that nine out of 11 tumors overexpress PTOV1 at levels significantly higher than benign prostatic hyperplasia or normal prostate tissue. The human PTOV1 protein consists almost entirely of two repeated blocks of homology of 151 and 147 amino acids, joined by a short linker peptide, and is encoded by a 12-exon gene localized in chromosome 19q13.3. A Drosophila melanogaster PTOV1 homolog also contains two tandemly arranged PTOV blocks. A second gene, PTOV2, was identified in humans and Drosophila, coding for proteins with a single PTOV homology block and unrelated amino- and carboxyl-terminal extensions. A 1.8-Kb PTOV1 transcript was detected abundantly in normal human brain, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and liver, and at low levels in normal prostate. Immunocytochemical analysis and expression of chimeric GFP-PTOV1 proteins in cultured cells showed a predominantly perinuclear localization of PTOV1. In normal prostate tissue and in prostate adenomas, PTOV1 was undetectable or expressed at low levels, whereas nine out of 11 prostate adenocarcinomas showed a strong immunoreactivity, with a focal distribution in areas of carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Therefore, PTOV1 is a previously unknown gene, overexpressed in early and late stages of prostate cancer. The PTOV homology block represents a new class of conserved sequence blocks present in human, rodent and fly proteins.
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PMID:PTOV1, a novel protein overexpressed in prostate cancer containing a new class of protein homology blocks. 1131 89


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