Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical significance of serum basic fetoprotein (BFP) in prostatic cancer was investigated together with serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostate specific antigen (PA). Investigated in this study were 40 patients with prostatic cancer, ranging in age from 50 to 85 years (mean age: 69.5 years). According to clinical staging, 3 cases (7.5%) had a stage A disease, 10 cases (25.0%) a stage B disease, 7 cases (17.5%) a stage C disease, and 20 cases (50.0%) a stage D disease. The positive rates for serum BFP, PAP, gamma-Sm, and PSA were 60.0, 45.0, 63.6, and 68.4%, respectively, and these rates increased as the stage advanced. The above results suggest that BFP is the most useful marker of the four for monitoring prostatic cancer. In a combination assay of these four markers, 29 (87.9%) of 33 patients with prostatic cancer could be diagnosed by observing an elevated serum level in one of the markers. This suggests that a combination assay of BFP, PAP, gamma-Sm and PSA in patients with prostatic cancer is useful for diagnosis and monitoring of the disease.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of serum basic fetoprotein for prostatic cancer--comparative study with PAP, gamma-Sm and PSA]. 171 73

Because approximately 30% of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) only will have an elevated serum PSA concentration, it is unlikely that PSA by itself will become an effective screening tool for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, if combined with digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or transrectal ultrasound, it may become a vital part of any early detection program. Although there is a direct correlation between the serum PSA concentration and clinical stage, PSA is not sufficiently reliable to determine the clinical stage on an individual basis. This finding also applies to pathologic stage. Low preoperative serum PSA concentrations in patients with previously untreated prostate cancers, however, are predictive of a negative radionuclide bone scan. With respect to monitoring patients after definitive therapy, PSA is an exquisitely sensitive tumor marker. Irrespective of the treatment modality, PSA reflects accurately the tumor status of the patient and is prognostic of eventual outcome.
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PMID:Prostate-specific antigen: a valuable clinical tool. 171 88

A quadruple tumor marker serotest assay (neurone-specific enolase, NSE, prostate-specific antigen, PSA, prostatic acid phosphatase, PAP, and carcino-embryonic antigen, CEA) was performed on sera from both 63 patients with untreated prostate cancer and 135 patients treated with orchiectomy, flutamide, diethylstilbestrol (DES), cyproterone acetate (CPA), and Estracyt. In untreated patients with local tumor elevated blood NSE concentrations were found more frequently (10/35, 28.6%) than in untreated subjects with disseminated disease (3/28, 10.7%). Elevated NSE values were measured more frequently in nonresponders to therapy 10/46 (21.7%), than in responders during prostate cancer partial remission (2/89, 2.2%). In none of NSE-positive neoplasms a small cell prostate cancer has been histologically detected. Many of NSE-positive tumors are also closely associated with elevated blood CEA values. The applied anticancer drugs were inefficient in the normalization of neither one from the pair of elevated NSE and CEA concentrations (regardless of the numerical values of the other two markers, PSA and PAP), but their values were found to decline occasionally only after surgical treatment. In patients with raised PSA, PAP, and CEA levels but with a normal NSE value, the application of the same treatment strategies was in the most of subjects sufficient to provoke either temporary or even lasting tumor response to therapy. Hence, it appears that the assessment of the NSE serotest, despite its minimal value in the overall tumor staging and monitoring, might furnish the decision-making step related to the treatment of aggressive prostate cancer with an additional and powerful tool.
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PMID:Investigation on serum neurone-specific enolase in prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring: comparative study of a multiple tumor marker assay. 171 80

Somatic cell hybrids were made from mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells derived from BALB/c mice immunized with homogenized epithelial fractions of BPH. The screening by immunoperoxidase staining on human prostate and non-prostate tissue resulted in one monoclonal antibody identifying a prostate specific antigen. Upon SDS-PAGE and Western blot this antigen exhibited a single band at the position of 34 kDa molecular weight. The immunoreactivity of the prostate antigen was found to be localized exclusively in the epithelial lining of ducts and secretions of normal prostate, BPH and prostate cancer. Anti-p34 antibody reacted with an antigenic determinant on the PSA molecule cancer. Anti-p34 antibody reacted with an antigenic determinant on the PSA molecule and inhibited the binding of Anti-PSA antibody to PSA by about 80 to 90% in the RIA.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody to the prostate specific antigen. 172 Feb 89

The role of transrectal prostate ultrasonography (TRUS) for screening and early detection is controversial due to its low sensitivity and specificity. The digital rectal examination (DRE) in combination with PSA still remains useful in screening for prostate cancer. Less than 4% of patients with normal DRE and normal PSA have prostate cancer found on random biopsies. We recommend TRUS for exact determination of prostate volume, in patients with suspicious DRE findings, in combination with the Biopty gun for ultrasound-guided biopsies, and in staging before radical prostatectomy.
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PMID:[Endosonography of the prostate]. 172 20

In 712 patients, mapping of the prostate by six systematic ultrasound-guided core biopsies was performed without major side effects using the "biopyt gun". The histologic findings provided data on patients with normal and those with abnormal prostates on digital rectal examination (DRE). Only 3 of 72 (4%) nonurologic patients with normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA; less than 4 ng/ml) had prostate cancer. In patients with firm prostates on DRE and normal PSA, 13 out of 101 (13%) had prostate cancer. In patients in whom PSA was greater than or equal to 4 ng/ml, 92 of 158 (58%) had prostate cancer. In patients with clinical stage B or C and PSA less than 4 ng/ml, 20/56 (36%) had prostate cancer, compared to 155 of 187 (83%) patients with PSA greater than or equal to 4 ng/ml. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) seemed not to be useful in screening for prostate cancer, due to its low specificity of 54%, although in patients with clinical stage B or C TRUS identified 157/175 (90%) patients with prostate cancer. For staging prostate cancer we compared in 103 men with pelvic lymph node dissection the value of digital rectal examination, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PAS, TRUS, and random systematic biopsy for identification of lymph-node-positive patients before radical prostatectomy. CT had a sensitivity of only 7% and a specificity of 96% in detecting lymph nodes, whereas MRI had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Diagnosis of localized prostate cancer: screening and preoperative staging]. 172 21

Morphometric analysis was performed on 22 radical prostatectomy specimens of clinical stage A1 and 22 specimens of stage A2 prostate cancers. Of 44 stage A cancers (86%), 38 arose in the transition zone of the prostate, while only 6 were peripheral zone tumors. The subclassification into stages A1 and A2 based on the percentage of cancer in the transurethral resection specimen was not able reliably to separate patients with high-volume stage A cancer from those with low-volume stage A cancer. The same was true when the patients were subclassified according to the criteria of the TNM system (TNM 1987). However, all cases (n = 6) with Gleason grade 4 elements in the TUR chips had relatively high-volume residual TUR cancer (greater than or equal to 1.7 cm3) in the radical specimen. Unsuspected cancers unrelated to the incidental prostate cancer were found in 73% of the specimens. The vast majority (87%) were peripheral zone cancers. Eight unsuspected cancers were larger than the Stage A cancer, but only 2 of the 8 were larger than 1 cm3. Our data suggest that the subclassification of stage A into stages A1 and A2 or the subclassification according to the TNM criteria (TNM 1987) does not reliably separate patients who are at risk of cancer progression. Further diagnostic procedures are necessary in these patients. Post-TUR serum PSA levels (Yang) provided valuable additional information in this series. Post-TUR PSA levels increased with increasing residual cancer volume in the prostate. Below a post-TUR PSA of 1 ng/ml, total residual cancer volume was less than 0.4 cm3 in 7 of 8 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Incidental prostate cancer: volume, location and degree of differentiation of the tumor in the radical prostatectomy specimen and value of subclassification to stage A1 and A2]. 172 22

Presentation of the initial results from a program for early diagnosis of prostate cancer, implemented a year ago at the Urology Unit of the Miguel Servet Hospital with the collaboration of the Region's specialists. All patients attending the Urology services, regardless the pathology, are evaluated when rectal examination is suspicious or the plasma PSA levels are higher than 4 ng/ml. Assessment is made through transrectal ultrasound scanning, with random or ultrasound-directed prostatic biopsy depending on the findings. A total of 83 prostatic biopsies have been analyzed n patients thus selected, presence of prostatic carcinoma becoming apparent in 52 (62.6%), 19 of which have undergone radical prostatectomy. The association suspected rectal examination/increased PSA has produced the higher percentages of diagnostic precision (80%) clearly improving those of rectal examination and PSA alone. The methods for local and nodular staging are analyzed, considering the systematic use of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy and biopsy of seminal vesicles highly useful for higher diagnostic precision in these patients. The diagnostic relevance of prognostic factors in advanced cancer is analyzed, this analysis being mandatory to evaluate the different therapeutic.
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PMID:[Cancer of the prostate: current diagnostic aspects]. 172 46

Bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) are markers of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. We have already shown that the serum activity of these isoenzymes was elevated in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis (BM); we show here that the serum activity of b-ALP and tr-ACP were also elevated in prostate cancer patients with BM. Specificity and sensitivity of b-ALP for BM were 0.90 and 0.75, respectively; and for tr-ACP, 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. The accuracy of b-ALP as a BM marker was higher than the accuracy of usual markers of prostatic carcinoma (tartrate labile ACP [tl-ACP], prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] and prostate specific antigen [PSA]). The highest value predictive of a positive bone scan was obtained with b-ALP (0.88); this increased to 0.97 when b-ALP was coupled with PAP.
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PMID:Phosphatase isoenzymes as bone metastasis markers in prostatic carcinoma. 176 Aug 84

Serum activities of bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) were evaluated in 271 cancer patients; 120 of them had bone metastases (BM) and 151 had none. Correlation coefficients, specificities, sensitivities, negative and positive predicting values were computed. They showed the important contribution that these isoenzymes can bring to the diagnosis of BM in 80 patients with prostate cancer, and to the followup of 191 patients with breast cancer. The assay results were analysed in parallel with bone scan and radiography. They were also compared to those of serum antigens: PSA and PAP for prostate cancer, and CEA and CA15.3 for breast cancer. These results clearly indicate that both isoenzymes are better correlated with BM than antigens, these antigens being markers of the whole tumor burden--primary tumor, metastases, recurrence--whereas b-ALP and tr-ACP are specific markers of bone metabolism.
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PMID:[Evaluation of two serum isoenzyme phosphatases as bone metastasis markers]. 208 Dec 81


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